Die amerikanische Verheissung Schweizer Aussenpolitik im Wirtschaftskrieg 1917/18
Abstract in English* The promise of AmericaSwiss foreign policy amidst the economic warfare of 1917-18The book tells the dramatic history of the final two years of World War I, during which Switzerland was in between the fronts of the world powers. The surrounding struggle for global domination caus...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Autor*in: |
Weber, Florian [verfasserIn] |
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Format: |
E-Book |
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Sprache: |
Deutsch |
Erschienen: |
Zürich: Chronos Verlag ; 2016 |
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Rechteinformationen: |
Open Access Creative Commons ; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0 |
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Schlagwörter: |
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Umfang: |
1 Online-Ressource (1 electronic resource (272 p.)) |
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Links: |
Link aufrufen |
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ISBN: |
978-3-0340-1369-7 |
Katalog-ID: |
1018484485 |
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245 | 1 | 0 | |a Die amerikanische Verheissung Schweizer Aussenpolitik im Wirtschaftskrieg 1917/18 |
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9783034013697 978-3-0340-1369-7 (DE-627)1018484485 (DE-599)GBV1018484485 (OCoLC)1004186436 (OAPEN)31815 (EBP)062140094 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb ger HBLW bicssc N bicssc 3MP bicssc Weber, Florian verfasserin aut Die amerikanische Verheissung Schweizer Aussenpolitik im Wirtschaftskrieg 1917/18 Zürich Chronos Verlag 2016 1 Online-Ressource (1 electronic resource (272 p.)) Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Open Access Unrestricted online access star Abstract in English* The promise of AmericaSwiss foreign policy amidst the economic warfare of 1917-18The book tells the dramatic history of the final two years of World War I, during which Switzerland was in between the fronts of the world powers. The surrounding struggle for global domination caused serious difficulties for the small state. Cut off from important food imports, resulting from the indiscriminate German submarine warfare, it turned for help to the USA. The pleas of a high-ranking ?Swiss Mission? sent across the Atlantic were heeded: The USA supplied the landlocked country with grain thus averting famine. While America thus boosted its reputation, the German empire became more of a threat. Agitation increased when German agents were convicted in spy scandals and trials of bombers in Zurich. Despite German propaganda, the German empire was unable to maintain its influence in Switzerland. German diplomats, as representatives of the unpopular old order, were expelled from Switzerland when the Central Powers collapsed in the fall of 1918. The USA under President Woodrow Wilson was, in contrast, enthusiastically celebrated. This study, just barely one hundred years later, enables a new view of one of the most animated periods in Swiss history, offering an opportunity to reflect on the relation of this small country to the rest of the world Creative Commons https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0 cc German 20th century history: c 1900 to c 2000 History and Archaeology 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999 https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/id/582a4101-bb72-485c-9747-6146e8c18168/625139.pdf X:OAPEN Verlag OAPEN Library: download the publication kostenfrei http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 X:OAPEN Verlag OAPEN Library: description of the publication kostenfrei https://external.dandelon.com/download/attachments/dandelon/ids/AT001B08953051725E0A4C1258090002A0046.pdf V:DE-601 X:AGI pdf/application 2018-06-01 Verlag Inhaltsverzeichnis http://www.gbv.de/dms/faz-rez/FD1201705095011165.pdf V:DE-601 X:FAZ application/pdf 2019-01-08 Verlag Rezension (FAZ) Rezension ZDB-94-OAL GBV_ILN_22 ISIL_DE-18 SYSFLAG_1 GBV_KXP GBV_ILN_23 ISIL_DE-830 GBV_ILN_30 ISIL_DE-104 GBV_ILN_31 ISIL_DE-27 GBV_ILN_34 ISIL_DE-18-302 GBV_ILN_39 ISIL_DE-547 GBV_ILN_40 ISIL_DE-7 GBV_ILN_63 ISIL_DE-Wim2 GBV_ILN_65 ISIL_DE-3 GBV_ILN_70 ISIL_DE-89 GBV_ILN_72 ISIL_DE-35 GBV_ILN_95 ISIL_DE-542 GBV_ILN_110 ISIL_DE-Luen4 GBV_ILN_132 ISIL_DE-959 GBV_ILN_136 ISIL_DE-Wis1 GBV_ILN_147 ISIL_DE-Fl3 GBV_ILN_161 ISIL_DE-960 GBV_ILN_187 ISIL_DE-Ki95 GBV_ILN_213 ISIL_DE-551 GBV_ILN_230 ISIL_DE-552 GBV_ILN_283 ISIL_DE-Ha163 GBV_ILN_293 ISIL_DE-960-3 GBV_ILN_370 ISIL_DE-1373 GBV_ILN_603 ISIL_DE-B1556 GBV_ILN_808 GBV_ILN_2403 ISIL_DE-LFER BO 22 01 0018 4015991915 OLR-ZDB-94-OAL OAPEN Library zu 07-12-21 23 01 0830 1822773547 OLR-OAPEN f z 31-10-18 30 01 0104 1765565618 GBV-OAPEN z 14-04-18 31 01 0027 1765535425 z 14-04-18 34 01 3551 1782029648 OLR-OAPEN zi002 04-07-18 39 01 0547 1765580625 GBV-OAPEN ke 14-04-18 40 01 0007 1765520428 OLR-OAPEN xsn 14-04-18 63 01 3401 1765595606 E-Books LF GBV-OAPEN z 14-04-18 65 01 0003 1765610559 OLR-OAPEN z 14-04-18 70 01 0089 1765550432 OLR-OAPEN-OA OAPEN Online Library Open Access eBook z 14-04-18 72 01 0035 177370902X OLR-OAPEN-OA OAPEN Online Library Open Access eBook z 03-06-18 95 01 3095 4343087638 OLR-OAL Vervielfältigungen (z.B. 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Die Weitergabe an Dritte sowie systematisches Downloaden sind untersagt. z 12-02-20 161 01 0960 1765461553 OLR-OAPEN OAPEN Online Library Open Access eBook z 14-04-18 187 01 3520 1769514864 JSTOR Open Access eBook z 09-05-18 213 01 0551 3493776802 OLR-OAPEN OAPEN Online Library Open Access eBook z 16-07-19 230 01 0552 3511851475 OLR-OAPEN OAPEN Online Library Open Access eBook z 04-09-19 283 01 3283 1765506603 OLR-OAL z 14-04-18 293 01 3293 1765476577 OLR-OAPEN OAPEN Online Library Open Access eBook z 14-04-18 370 01 4370 1824770286 OLR-FREE Kostenloser Zugriff z 07-11-18 603 01 4603 363040474X OLR-OAPEN Bitte beachten Sie die Nutzungsbedingungen und Copyright-Bestimmungen des Verlages/Herausgebers. z 22-04-20 808 01 4808 3488787060 OLR-OAPEN OAPEN Library zg 19-06-19 2403 01 DE-LFER 4579398416 00 --%%-- --%%-- n --%%-- l01 13-09-24 22 01 0018 Volltextzugang http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 23 01 0830 http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 30 01 0104 Open Access http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 31 01 0027 eBook GBV-OAPEN http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 34 01 3551 OpenAccess http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 40 01 0007 Volltext, Open Access http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 63 01 3401 E-Book http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 65 01 0003 Open Access http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 65 01 0003 Dieser Titel ist Teil einer Datenbank http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/dbinfo/detail.php?titel_id=10728&bib_id=ulb_hal 70 01 0089 http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 LF 72 01 0035 http://www.oapen.org/search?identifier=625139 95 01 3095 http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 110 01 3110 Open Access http://www.oapen.org/search?identifier=625139 132 01 0959 http://www.oapen.org/search?identifier=625139 136 01 3526 Open Access http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 147 01 3528 http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 161 01 0960 http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 LF 187 01 3520 http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 213 01 0551 http://www.oapen.org/search?identifier=625139 230 01 0552 http://www.oapen.org/search?identifier=625139 283 01 3283 http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 293 01 3293 http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 LF 370 01 4370 http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 603 01 4603 http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 808 01 4808 Volltextzugang http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 2403 01 DE-LFER https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/id/582a4101-bb72-485c-9747-6146e8c18168/625139.pdf 31 01 0027 00 eBook GBV-OAPEN 132 01 0959 00 EBooks OAPEN Open Access 22 01 0018 OLR-ZDB-94-OAL 23 01 0830 OLR-OAPEN 30 01 0104 GBV-OAPEN 34 01 3551 OLR-OAPEN 39 01 0547 GBV-OAPEN 39 01 0547 LF 40 01 0007 OLR-OAPEN 63 01 3401 E-Books LF GBV-OAPEN 65 01 0003 OLR-OAPEN 70 01 0089 OLR-OAPEN-OA 72 01 0035 OLR-OAPEN-OA 95 01 3095 OLR-OAL 110 01 3110 OLR-GBV-OAPEN 132 01 0959 OLR-OAPEN 136 01 3526 OLR-OAPEN 147 01 3528 OLR-OAPEN 161 01 0960 OLR-OAPEN 213 01 0551 OLR-OAPEN 230 01 0552 OLR-OAPEN 283 01 3283 OLR-OAL 293 01 3293 OLR-OAPEN 370 01 4370 OLR-FREE 370 01 4370 olr-ebook GBV-OAPEN 603 01 4603 OLR-OAPEN 808 01 4808 OLR-OAPEN |
spelling |
9783034013697 978-3-0340-1369-7 (DE-627)1018484485 (DE-599)GBV1018484485 (OCoLC)1004186436 (OAPEN)31815 (EBP)062140094 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb ger HBLW bicssc N bicssc 3MP bicssc Weber, Florian verfasserin aut Die amerikanische Verheissung Schweizer Aussenpolitik im Wirtschaftskrieg 1917/18 Zürich Chronos Verlag 2016 1 Online-Ressource (1 electronic resource (272 p.)) Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Open Access Unrestricted online access star Abstract in English* The promise of AmericaSwiss foreign policy amidst the economic warfare of 1917-18The book tells the dramatic history of the final two years of World War I, during which Switzerland was in between the fronts of the world powers. The surrounding struggle for global domination caused serious difficulties for the small state. Cut off from important food imports, resulting from the indiscriminate German submarine warfare, it turned for help to the USA. The pleas of a high-ranking ?Swiss Mission? sent across the Atlantic were heeded: The USA supplied the landlocked country with grain thus averting famine. While America thus boosted its reputation, the German empire became more of a threat. Agitation increased when German agents were convicted in spy scandals and trials of bombers in Zurich. Despite German propaganda, the German empire was unable to maintain its influence in Switzerland. German diplomats, as representatives of the unpopular old order, were expelled from Switzerland when the Central Powers collapsed in the fall of 1918. The USA under President Woodrow Wilson was, in contrast, enthusiastically celebrated. This study, just barely one hundred years later, enables a new view of one of the most animated periods in Swiss history, offering an opportunity to reflect on the relation of this small country to the rest of the world Creative Commons https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0 cc German 20th century history: c 1900 to c 2000 History and Archaeology 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999 https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/id/582a4101-bb72-485c-9747-6146e8c18168/625139.pdf X:OAPEN Verlag OAPEN Library: download the publication kostenfrei http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 X:OAPEN Verlag OAPEN Library: description of the publication kostenfrei https://external.dandelon.com/download/attachments/dandelon/ids/AT001B08953051725E0A4C1258090002A0046.pdf V:DE-601 X:AGI pdf/application 2018-06-01 Verlag Inhaltsverzeichnis http://www.gbv.de/dms/faz-rez/FD1201705095011165.pdf V:DE-601 X:FAZ application/pdf 2019-01-08 Verlag Rezension (FAZ) Rezension ZDB-94-OAL GBV_ILN_22 ISIL_DE-18 SYSFLAG_1 GBV_KXP GBV_ILN_23 ISIL_DE-830 GBV_ILN_30 ISIL_DE-104 GBV_ILN_31 ISIL_DE-27 GBV_ILN_34 ISIL_DE-18-302 GBV_ILN_39 ISIL_DE-547 GBV_ILN_40 ISIL_DE-7 GBV_ILN_63 ISIL_DE-Wim2 GBV_ILN_65 ISIL_DE-3 GBV_ILN_70 ISIL_DE-89 GBV_ILN_72 ISIL_DE-35 GBV_ILN_95 ISIL_DE-542 GBV_ILN_110 ISIL_DE-Luen4 GBV_ILN_132 ISIL_DE-959 GBV_ILN_136 ISIL_DE-Wis1 GBV_ILN_147 ISIL_DE-Fl3 GBV_ILN_161 ISIL_DE-960 GBV_ILN_187 ISIL_DE-Ki95 GBV_ILN_213 ISIL_DE-551 GBV_ILN_230 ISIL_DE-552 GBV_ILN_283 ISIL_DE-Ha163 GBV_ILN_293 ISIL_DE-960-3 GBV_ILN_370 ISIL_DE-1373 GBV_ILN_603 ISIL_DE-B1556 GBV_ILN_808 GBV_ILN_2403 ISIL_DE-LFER BO 22 01 0018 4015991915 OLR-ZDB-94-OAL OAPEN Library zu 07-12-21 23 01 0830 1822773547 OLR-OAPEN f z 31-10-18 30 01 0104 1765565618 GBV-OAPEN z 14-04-18 31 01 0027 1765535425 z 14-04-18 34 01 3551 1782029648 OLR-OAPEN zi002 04-07-18 39 01 0547 1765580625 GBV-OAPEN ke 14-04-18 40 01 0007 1765520428 OLR-OAPEN xsn 14-04-18 63 01 3401 1765595606 E-Books LF GBV-OAPEN z 14-04-18 65 01 0003 1765610559 OLR-OAPEN z 14-04-18 70 01 0089 1765550432 OLR-OAPEN-OA OAPEN Online Library Open Access eBook z 14-04-18 72 01 0035 177370902X OLR-OAPEN-OA OAPEN Online Library Open Access eBook z 03-06-18 95 01 3095 4343087638 OLR-OAL Vervielfältigungen (z.B. Kopien, Downloads) sind nur von einzelnen Kapiteln oder Seiten und nur zum eigenen wissenschaftlichen Gebrauch erlaubt. Die Weitergabe an Dritte sowie systematisches Downloaden sind untersagt. z 24-06-23 110 01 3110 3506603213 OLR-GBV-OAPEN Open Access z 12-08-19 132 01 0959 178033110X OLR-OAPEN Open Access x 23-06-18 136 01 3526 1765491576 OLR-OAPEN z 14-04-18 147 01 3528 3594029085 OLR-OAPEN frei verfügbar für Europa-Universität Flensburg, Hochschule Flensburg und Zentrale Hochschulbibliothek Vervielfältigungen (z.B. Kopien, Downloads) sind nur von einzelnen Kapiteln oder Seiten und nur zum eigenen wissenschaftlichen Gebrauch erlaubt. Die Weitergabe an Dritte sowie systematisches Downloaden sind untersagt. z 12-02-20 161 01 0960 1765461553 OLR-OAPEN OAPEN Online Library Open Access eBook z 14-04-18 187 01 3520 1769514864 JSTOR Open Access eBook z 09-05-18 213 01 0551 3493776802 OLR-OAPEN OAPEN Online Library Open Access eBook z 16-07-19 230 01 0552 3511851475 OLR-OAPEN OAPEN Online Library Open Access eBook z 04-09-19 283 01 3283 1765506603 OLR-OAL z 14-04-18 293 01 3293 1765476577 OLR-OAPEN OAPEN Online Library Open Access eBook z 14-04-18 370 01 4370 1824770286 OLR-FREE Kostenloser Zugriff z 07-11-18 603 01 4603 363040474X OLR-OAPEN Bitte beachten Sie die Nutzungsbedingungen und Copyright-Bestimmungen des Verlages/Herausgebers. z 22-04-20 808 01 4808 3488787060 OLR-OAPEN OAPEN Library zg 19-06-19 2403 01 DE-LFER 4579398416 00 --%%-- --%%-- n --%%-- l01 13-09-24 22 01 0018 Volltextzugang http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 23 01 0830 http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 30 01 0104 Open Access http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 31 01 0027 eBook GBV-OAPEN http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 34 01 3551 OpenAccess http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 40 01 0007 Volltext, Open Access http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 63 01 3401 E-Book http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 65 01 0003 Open Access http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 65 01 0003 Dieser Titel ist Teil einer Datenbank http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/dbinfo/detail.php?titel_id=10728&bib_id=ulb_hal 70 01 0089 http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 LF 72 01 0035 http://www.oapen.org/search?identifier=625139 95 01 3095 http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 110 01 3110 Open Access http://www.oapen.org/search?identifier=625139 132 01 0959 http://www.oapen.org/search?identifier=625139 136 01 3526 Open Access http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 147 01 3528 http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 161 01 0960 http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 LF 187 01 3520 http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 213 01 0551 http://www.oapen.org/search?identifier=625139 230 01 0552 http://www.oapen.org/search?identifier=625139 283 01 3283 http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 293 01 3293 http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 LF 370 01 4370 http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 603 01 4603 http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 808 01 4808 Volltextzugang http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 2403 01 DE-LFER https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/id/582a4101-bb72-485c-9747-6146e8c18168/625139.pdf 31 01 0027 00 eBook GBV-OAPEN 132 01 0959 00 EBooks OAPEN Open Access 22 01 0018 OLR-ZDB-94-OAL 23 01 0830 OLR-OAPEN 30 01 0104 GBV-OAPEN 34 01 3551 OLR-OAPEN 39 01 0547 GBV-OAPEN 39 01 0547 LF 40 01 0007 OLR-OAPEN 63 01 3401 E-Books LF GBV-OAPEN 65 01 0003 OLR-OAPEN 70 01 0089 OLR-OAPEN-OA 72 01 0035 OLR-OAPEN-OA 95 01 3095 OLR-OAL 110 01 3110 OLR-GBV-OAPEN 132 01 0959 OLR-OAPEN 136 01 3526 OLR-OAPEN 147 01 3528 OLR-OAPEN 161 01 0960 OLR-OAPEN 213 01 0551 OLR-OAPEN 230 01 0552 OLR-OAPEN 283 01 3283 OLR-OAL 293 01 3293 OLR-OAPEN 370 01 4370 OLR-FREE 370 01 4370 olr-ebook GBV-OAPEN 603 01 4603 OLR-OAPEN 808 01 4808 OLR-OAPEN |
allfields_unstemmed |
9783034013697 978-3-0340-1369-7 (DE-627)1018484485 (DE-599)GBV1018484485 (OCoLC)1004186436 (OAPEN)31815 (EBP)062140094 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb ger HBLW bicssc N bicssc 3MP bicssc Weber, Florian verfasserin aut Die amerikanische Verheissung Schweizer Aussenpolitik im Wirtschaftskrieg 1917/18 Zürich Chronos Verlag 2016 1 Online-Ressource (1 electronic resource (272 p.)) Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Open Access Unrestricted online access star Abstract in English* The promise of AmericaSwiss foreign policy amidst the economic warfare of 1917-18The book tells the dramatic history of the final two years of World War I, during which Switzerland was in between the fronts of the world powers. The surrounding struggle for global domination caused serious difficulties for the small state. Cut off from important food imports, resulting from the indiscriminate German submarine warfare, it turned for help to the USA. The pleas of a high-ranking ?Swiss Mission? sent across the Atlantic were heeded: The USA supplied the landlocked country with grain thus averting famine. While America thus boosted its reputation, the German empire became more of a threat. Agitation increased when German agents were convicted in spy scandals and trials of bombers in Zurich. Despite German propaganda, the German empire was unable to maintain its influence in Switzerland. German diplomats, as representatives of the unpopular old order, were expelled from Switzerland when the Central Powers collapsed in the fall of 1918. The USA under President Woodrow Wilson was, in contrast, enthusiastically celebrated. This study, just barely one hundred years later, enables a new view of one of the most animated periods in Swiss history, offering an opportunity to reflect on the relation of this small country to the rest of the world Creative Commons https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0 cc German 20th century history: c 1900 to c 2000 History and Archaeology 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999 https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/id/582a4101-bb72-485c-9747-6146e8c18168/625139.pdf X:OAPEN Verlag OAPEN Library: download the publication kostenfrei http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 X:OAPEN Verlag OAPEN Library: description of the publication kostenfrei https://external.dandelon.com/download/attachments/dandelon/ids/AT001B08953051725E0A4C1258090002A0046.pdf V:DE-601 X:AGI pdf/application 2018-06-01 Verlag Inhaltsverzeichnis http://www.gbv.de/dms/faz-rez/FD1201705095011165.pdf V:DE-601 X:FAZ application/pdf 2019-01-08 Verlag Rezension (FAZ) Rezension ZDB-94-OAL GBV_ILN_22 ISIL_DE-18 SYSFLAG_1 GBV_KXP GBV_ILN_23 ISIL_DE-830 GBV_ILN_30 ISIL_DE-104 GBV_ILN_31 ISIL_DE-27 GBV_ILN_34 ISIL_DE-18-302 GBV_ILN_39 ISIL_DE-547 GBV_ILN_40 ISIL_DE-7 GBV_ILN_63 ISIL_DE-Wim2 GBV_ILN_65 ISIL_DE-3 GBV_ILN_70 ISIL_DE-89 GBV_ILN_72 ISIL_DE-35 GBV_ILN_95 ISIL_DE-542 GBV_ILN_110 ISIL_DE-Luen4 GBV_ILN_132 ISIL_DE-959 GBV_ILN_136 ISIL_DE-Wis1 GBV_ILN_147 ISIL_DE-Fl3 GBV_ILN_161 ISIL_DE-960 GBV_ILN_187 ISIL_DE-Ki95 GBV_ILN_213 ISIL_DE-551 GBV_ILN_230 ISIL_DE-552 GBV_ILN_283 ISIL_DE-Ha163 GBV_ILN_293 ISIL_DE-960-3 GBV_ILN_370 ISIL_DE-1373 GBV_ILN_603 ISIL_DE-B1556 GBV_ILN_808 GBV_ILN_2403 ISIL_DE-LFER BO 22 01 0018 4015991915 OLR-ZDB-94-OAL OAPEN Library zu 07-12-21 23 01 0830 1822773547 OLR-OAPEN f z 31-10-18 30 01 0104 1765565618 GBV-OAPEN z 14-04-18 31 01 0027 1765535425 z 14-04-18 34 01 3551 1782029648 OLR-OAPEN zi002 04-07-18 39 01 0547 1765580625 GBV-OAPEN ke 14-04-18 40 01 0007 1765520428 OLR-OAPEN xsn 14-04-18 63 01 3401 1765595606 E-Books LF GBV-OAPEN z 14-04-18 65 01 0003 1765610559 OLR-OAPEN z 14-04-18 70 01 0089 1765550432 OLR-OAPEN-OA OAPEN Online Library Open Access eBook z 14-04-18 72 01 0035 177370902X OLR-OAPEN-OA OAPEN Online Library Open Access eBook z 03-06-18 95 01 3095 4343087638 OLR-OAL Vervielfältigungen (z.B. Kopien, Downloads) sind nur von einzelnen Kapiteln oder Seiten und nur zum eigenen wissenschaftlichen Gebrauch erlaubt. Die Weitergabe an Dritte sowie systematisches Downloaden sind untersagt. z 24-06-23 110 01 3110 3506603213 OLR-GBV-OAPEN Open Access z 12-08-19 132 01 0959 178033110X OLR-OAPEN Open Access x 23-06-18 136 01 3526 1765491576 OLR-OAPEN z 14-04-18 147 01 3528 3594029085 OLR-OAPEN frei verfügbar für Europa-Universität Flensburg, Hochschule Flensburg und Zentrale Hochschulbibliothek Vervielfältigungen (z.B. Kopien, Downloads) sind nur von einzelnen Kapiteln oder Seiten und nur zum eigenen wissenschaftlichen Gebrauch erlaubt. Die Weitergabe an Dritte sowie systematisches Downloaden sind untersagt. z 12-02-20 161 01 0960 1765461553 OLR-OAPEN OAPEN Online Library Open Access eBook z 14-04-18 187 01 3520 1769514864 JSTOR Open Access eBook z 09-05-18 213 01 0551 3493776802 OLR-OAPEN OAPEN Online Library Open Access eBook z 16-07-19 230 01 0552 3511851475 OLR-OAPEN OAPEN Online Library Open Access eBook z 04-09-19 283 01 3283 1765506603 OLR-OAL z 14-04-18 293 01 3293 1765476577 OLR-OAPEN OAPEN Online Library Open Access eBook z 14-04-18 370 01 4370 1824770286 OLR-FREE Kostenloser Zugriff z 07-11-18 603 01 4603 363040474X OLR-OAPEN Bitte beachten Sie die Nutzungsbedingungen und Copyright-Bestimmungen des Verlages/Herausgebers. z 22-04-20 808 01 4808 3488787060 OLR-OAPEN OAPEN Library zg 19-06-19 2403 01 DE-LFER 4579398416 00 --%%-- --%%-- n --%%-- l01 13-09-24 22 01 0018 Volltextzugang http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 23 01 0830 http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 30 01 0104 Open Access http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 31 01 0027 eBook GBV-OAPEN http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 34 01 3551 OpenAccess http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 40 01 0007 Volltext, Open Access http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 63 01 3401 E-Book http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 65 01 0003 Open Access http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 65 01 0003 Dieser Titel ist Teil einer Datenbank http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/dbinfo/detail.php?titel_id=10728&bib_id=ulb_hal 70 01 0089 http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 LF 72 01 0035 http://www.oapen.org/search?identifier=625139 95 01 3095 http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 110 01 3110 Open Access http://www.oapen.org/search?identifier=625139 132 01 0959 http://www.oapen.org/search?identifier=625139 136 01 3526 Open Access http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 147 01 3528 http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 161 01 0960 http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 LF 187 01 3520 http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 213 01 0551 http://www.oapen.org/search?identifier=625139 230 01 0552 http://www.oapen.org/search?identifier=625139 283 01 3283 http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 293 01 3293 http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 LF 370 01 4370 http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 603 01 4603 http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 808 01 4808 Volltextzugang http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 2403 01 DE-LFER https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/id/582a4101-bb72-485c-9747-6146e8c18168/625139.pdf 31 01 0027 00 eBook GBV-OAPEN 132 01 0959 00 EBooks OAPEN Open Access 22 01 0018 OLR-ZDB-94-OAL 23 01 0830 OLR-OAPEN 30 01 0104 GBV-OAPEN 34 01 3551 OLR-OAPEN 39 01 0547 GBV-OAPEN 39 01 0547 LF 40 01 0007 OLR-OAPEN 63 01 3401 E-Books LF GBV-OAPEN 65 01 0003 OLR-OAPEN 70 01 0089 OLR-OAPEN-OA 72 01 0035 OLR-OAPEN-OA 95 01 3095 OLR-OAL 110 01 3110 OLR-GBV-OAPEN 132 01 0959 OLR-OAPEN 136 01 3526 OLR-OAPEN 147 01 3528 OLR-OAPEN 161 01 0960 OLR-OAPEN 213 01 0551 OLR-OAPEN 230 01 0552 OLR-OAPEN 283 01 3283 OLR-OAL 293 01 3293 OLR-OAPEN 370 01 4370 OLR-FREE 370 01 4370 olr-ebook GBV-OAPEN 603 01 4603 OLR-OAPEN 808 01 4808 OLR-OAPEN |
allfieldsGer |
9783034013697 978-3-0340-1369-7 (DE-627)1018484485 (DE-599)GBV1018484485 (OCoLC)1004186436 (OAPEN)31815 (EBP)062140094 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb ger HBLW bicssc N bicssc 3MP bicssc Weber, Florian verfasserin aut Die amerikanische Verheissung Schweizer Aussenpolitik im Wirtschaftskrieg 1917/18 Zürich Chronos Verlag 2016 1 Online-Ressource (1 electronic resource (272 p.)) Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Open Access Unrestricted online access star Abstract in English* The promise of AmericaSwiss foreign policy amidst the economic warfare of 1917-18The book tells the dramatic history of the final two years of World War I, during which Switzerland was in between the fronts of the world powers. The surrounding struggle for global domination caused serious difficulties for the small state. Cut off from important food imports, resulting from the indiscriminate German submarine warfare, it turned for help to the USA. The pleas of a high-ranking ?Swiss Mission? sent across the Atlantic were heeded: The USA supplied the landlocked country with grain thus averting famine. While America thus boosted its reputation, the German empire became more of a threat. Agitation increased when German agents were convicted in spy scandals and trials of bombers in Zurich. Despite German propaganda, the German empire was unable to maintain its influence in Switzerland. German diplomats, as representatives of the unpopular old order, were expelled from Switzerland when the Central Powers collapsed in the fall of 1918. The USA under President Woodrow Wilson was, in contrast, enthusiastically celebrated. This study, just barely one hundred years later, enables a new view of one of the most animated periods in Swiss history, offering an opportunity to reflect on the relation of this small country to the rest of the world Creative Commons https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0 cc German 20th century history: c 1900 to c 2000 History and Archaeology 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999 https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/id/582a4101-bb72-485c-9747-6146e8c18168/625139.pdf X:OAPEN Verlag OAPEN Library: download the publication kostenfrei http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 X:OAPEN Verlag OAPEN Library: description of the publication kostenfrei https://external.dandelon.com/download/attachments/dandelon/ids/AT001B08953051725E0A4C1258090002A0046.pdf V:DE-601 X:AGI pdf/application 2018-06-01 Verlag Inhaltsverzeichnis http://www.gbv.de/dms/faz-rez/FD1201705095011165.pdf V:DE-601 X:FAZ application/pdf 2019-01-08 Verlag Rezension (FAZ) Rezension ZDB-94-OAL GBV_ILN_22 ISIL_DE-18 SYSFLAG_1 GBV_KXP GBV_ILN_23 ISIL_DE-830 GBV_ILN_30 ISIL_DE-104 GBV_ILN_31 ISIL_DE-27 GBV_ILN_34 ISIL_DE-18-302 GBV_ILN_39 ISIL_DE-547 GBV_ILN_40 ISIL_DE-7 GBV_ILN_63 ISIL_DE-Wim2 GBV_ILN_65 ISIL_DE-3 GBV_ILN_70 ISIL_DE-89 GBV_ILN_72 ISIL_DE-35 GBV_ILN_95 ISIL_DE-542 GBV_ILN_110 ISIL_DE-Luen4 GBV_ILN_132 ISIL_DE-959 GBV_ILN_136 ISIL_DE-Wis1 GBV_ILN_147 ISIL_DE-Fl3 GBV_ILN_161 ISIL_DE-960 GBV_ILN_187 ISIL_DE-Ki95 GBV_ILN_213 ISIL_DE-551 GBV_ILN_230 ISIL_DE-552 GBV_ILN_283 ISIL_DE-Ha163 GBV_ILN_293 ISIL_DE-960-3 GBV_ILN_370 ISIL_DE-1373 GBV_ILN_603 ISIL_DE-B1556 GBV_ILN_808 GBV_ILN_2403 ISIL_DE-LFER BO 22 01 0018 4015991915 OLR-ZDB-94-OAL OAPEN Library zu 07-12-21 23 01 0830 1822773547 OLR-OAPEN f z 31-10-18 30 01 0104 1765565618 GBV-OAPEN z 14-04-18 31 01 0027 1765535425 z 14-04-18 34 01 3551 1782029648 OLR-OAPEN zi002 04-07-18 39 01 0547 1765580625 GBV-OAPEN ke 14-04-18 40 01 0007 1765520428 OLR-OAPEN xsn 14-04-18 63 01 3401 1765595606 E-Books LF GBV-OAPEN z 14-04-18 65 01 0003 1765610559 OLR-OAPEN z 14-04-18 70 01 0089 1765550432 OLR-OAPEN-OA OAPEN Online Library Open Access eBook z 14-04-18 72 01 0035 177370902X OLR-OAPEN-OA OAPEN Online Library Open Access eBook z 03-06-18 95 01 3095 4343087638 OLR-OAL Vervielfältigungen (z.B. Kopien, Downloads) sind nur von einzelnen Kapiteln oder Seiten und nur zum eigenen wissenschaftlichen Gebrauch erlaubt. Die Weitergabe an Dritte sowie systematisches Downloaden sind untersagt. z 24-06-23 110 01 3110 3506603213 OLR-GBV-OAPEN Open Access z 12-08-19 132 01 0959 178033110X OLR-OAPEN Open Access x 23-06-18 136 01 3526 1765491576 OLR-OAPEN z 14-04-18 147 01 3528 3594029085 OLR-OAPEN frei verfügbar für Europa-Universität Flensburg, Hochschule Flensburg und Zentrale Hochschulbibliothek Vervielfältigungen (z.B. Kopien, Downloads) sind nur von einzelnen Kapiteln oder Seiten und nur zum eigenen wissenschaftlichen Gebrauch erlaubt. Die Weitergabe an Dritte sowie systematisches Downloaden sind untersagt. z 12-02-20 161 01 0960 1765461553 OLR-OAPEN OAPEN Online Library Open Access eBook z 14-04-18 187 01 3520 1769514864 JSTOR Open Access eBook z 09-05-18 213 01 0551 3493776802 OLR-OAPEN OAPEN Online Library Open Access eBook z 16-07-19 230 01 0552 3511851475 OLR-OAPEN OAPEN Online Library Open Access eBook z 04-09-19 283 01 3283 1765506603 OLR-OAL z 14-04-18 293 01 3293 1765476577 OLR-OAPEN OAPEN Online Library Open Access eBook z 14-04-18 370 01 4370 1824770286 OLR-FREE Kostenloser Zugriff z 07-11-18 603 01 4603 363040474X OLR-OAPEN Bitte beachten Sie die Nutzungsbedingungen und Copyright-Bestimmungen des Verlages/Herausgebers. z 22-04-20 808 01 4808 3488787060 OLR-OAPEN OAPEN Library zg 19-06-19 2403 01 DE-LFER 4579398416 00 --%%-- --%%-- n --%%-- l01 13-09-24 22 01 0018 Volltextzugang http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 23 01 0830 http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 30 01 0104 Open Access http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 31 01 0027 eBook GBV-OAPEN http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 34 01 3551 OpenAccess http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 40 01 0007 Volltext, Open Access http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 63 01 3401 E-Book http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 65 01 0003 Open Access http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 65 01 0003 Dieser Titel ist Teil einer Datenbank http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/dbinfo/detail.php?titel_id=10728&bib_id=ulb_hal 70 01 0089 http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 LF 72 01 0035 http://www.oapen.org/search?identifier=625139 95 01 3095 http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 110 01 3110 Open Access http://www.oapen.org/search?identifier=625139 132 01 0959 http://www.oapen.org/search?identifier=625139 136 01 3526 Open Access http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 147 01 3528 http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 161 01 0960 http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 LF 187 01 3520 http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 213 01 0551 http://www.oapen.org/search?identifier=625139 230 01 0552 http://www.oapen.org/search?identifier=625139 283 01 3283 http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 293 01 3293 http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 LF 370 01 4370 http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 603 01 4603 http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 808 01 4808 Volltextzugang http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 2403 01 DE-LFER https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/id/582a4101-bb72-485c-9747-6146e8c18168/625139.pdf 31 01 0027 00 eBook GBV-OAPEN 132 01 0959 00 EBooks OAPEN Open Access 22 01 0018 OLR-ZDB-94-OAL 23 01 0830 OLR-OAPEN 30 01 0104 GBV-OAPEN 34 01 3551 OLR-OAPEN 39 01 0547 GBV-OAPEN 39 01 0547 LF 40 01 0007 OLR-OAPEN 63 01 3401 E-Books LF GBV-OAPEN 65 01 0003 OLR-OAPEN 70 01 0089 OLR-OAPEN-OA 72 01 0035 OLR-OAPEN-OA 95 01 3095 OLR-OAL 110 01 3110 OLR-GBV-OAPEN 132 01 0959 OLR-OAPEN 136 01 3526 OLR-OAPEN 147 01 3528 OLR-OAPEN 161 01 0960 OLR-OAPEN 213 01 0551 OLR-OAPEN 230 01 0552 OLR-OAPEN 283 01 3283 OLR-OAL 293 01 3293 OLR-OAPEN 370 01 4370 OLR-FREE 370 01 4370 olr-ebook GBV-OAPEN 603 01 4603 OLR-OAPEN 808 01 4808 OLR-OAPEN |
allfieldsSound |
9783034013697 978-3-0340-1369-7 (DE-627)1018484485 (DE-599)GBV1018484485 (OCoLC)1004186436 (OAPEN)31815 (EBP)062140094 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb ger HBLW bicssc N bicssc 3MP bicssc Weber, Florian verfasserin aut Die amerikanische Verheissung Schweizer Aussenpolitik im Wirtschaftskrieg 1917/18 Zürich Chronos Verlag 2016 1 Online-Ressource (1 electronic resource (272 p.)) Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Open Access Unrestricted online access star Abstract in English* The promise of AmericaSwiss foreign policy amidst the economic warfare of 1917-18The book tells the dramatic history of the final two years of World War I, during which Switzerland was in between the fronts of the world powers. The surrounding struggle for global domination caused serious difficulties for the small state. Cut off from important food imports, resulting from the indiscriminate German submarine warfare, it turned for help to the USA. The pleas of a high-ranking ?Swiss Mission? sent across the Atlantic were heeded: The USA supplied the landlocked country with grain thus averting famine. While America thus boosted its reputation, the German empire became more of a threat. Agitation increased when German agents were convicted in spy scandals and trials of bombers in Zurich. Despite German propaganda, the German empire was unable to maintain its influence in Switzerland. German diplomats, as representatives of the unpopular old order, were expelled from Switzerland when the Central Powers collapsed in the fall of 1918. The USA under President Woodrow Wilson was, in contrast, enthusiastically celebrated. This study, just barely one hundred years later, enables a new view of one of the most animated periods in Swiss history, offering an opportunity to reflect on the relation of this small country to the rest of the world Creative Commons https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0 cc German 20th century history: c 1900 to c 2000 History and Archaeology 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999 https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/id/582a4101-bb72-485c-9747-6146e8c18168/625139.pdf X:OAPEN Verlag OAPEN Library: download the publication kostenfrei http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31815 X:OAPEN Verlag OAPEN Library: description of the publication kostenfrei https://external.dandelon.com/download/attachments/dandelon/ids/AT001B08953051725E0A4C1258090002A0046.pdf V:DE-601 X:AGI pdf/application 2018-06-01 Verlag Inhaltsverzeichnis http://www.gbv.de/dms/faz-rez/FD1201705095011165.pdf V:DE-601 X:FAZ application/pdf 2019-01-08 Verlag Rezension (FAZ) Rezension ZDB-94-OAL GBV_ILN_22 ISIL_DE-18 SYSFLAG_1 GBV_KXP GBV_ILN_23 ISIL_DE-830 GBV_ILN_30 ISIL_DE-104 GBV_ILN_31 ISIL_DE-27 GBV_ILN_34 ISIL_DE-18-302 GBV_ILN_39 ISIL_DE-547 GBV_ILN_40 ISIL_DE-7 GBV_ILN_63 ISIL_DE-Wim2 GBV_ILN_65 ISIL_DE-3 GBV_ILN_70 ISIL_DE-89 GBV_ILN_72 ISIL_DE-35 GBV_ILN_95 ISIL_DE-542 GBV_ILN_110 ISIL_DE-Luen4 GBV_ILN_132 ISIL_DE-959 GBV_ILN_136 ISIL_DE-Wis1 GBV_ILN_147 ISIL_DE-Fl3 GBV_ILN_161 ISIL_DE-960 GBV_ILN_187 ISIL_DE-Ki95 GBV_ILN_213 ISIL_DE-551 GBV_ILN_230 ISIL_DE-552 GBV_ILN_283 ISIL_DE-Ha163 GBV_ILN_293 ISIL_DE-960-3 GBV_ILN_370 ISIL_DE-1373 GBV_ILN_603 ISIL_DE-B1556 GBV_ILN_808 GBV_ILN_2403 ISIL_DE-LFER BO 22 01 0018 4015991915 OLR-ZDB-94-OAL OAPEN Library zu 07-12-21 23 01 0830 1822773547 OLR-OAPEN f z 31-10-18 30 01 0104 1765565618 GBV-OAPEN z 14-04-18 31 01 0027 1765535425 z 14-04-18 34 01 3551 1782029648 OLR-OAPEN zi002 04-07-18 39 01 0547 1765580625 GBV-OAPEN ke 14-04-18 40 01 0007 1765520428 OLR-OAPEN xsn 14-04-18 63 01 3401 1765595606 E-Books LF GBV-OAPEN z 14-04-18 65 01 0003 1765610559 OLR-OAPEN z 14-04-18 70 01 0089 1765550432 OLR-OAPEN-OA OAPEN Online Library Open Access eBook z 14-04-18 72 01 0035 177370902X OLR-OAPEN-OA OAPEN Online Library Open Access eBook z 03-06-18 95 01 3095 4343087638 OLR-OAL Vervielfältigungen (z.B. Kopien, Downloads) sind nur von einzelnen Kapiteln oder Seiten und nur zum eigenen wissenschaftlichen Gebrauch erlaubt. Die Weitergabe an Dritte sowie systematisches Downloaden sind untersagt. z 24-06-23 110 01 3110 3506603213 OLR-GBV-OAPEN Open Access z 12-08-19 132 01 0959 178033110X OLR-OAPEN Open Access x 23-06-18 136 01 3526 1765491576 OLR-OAPEN z 14-04-18 147 01 3528 3594029085 OLR-OAPEN frei verfügbar für Europa-Universität Flensburg, Hochschule Flensburg und Zentrale Hochschulbibliothek Vervielfältigungen (z.B. Kopien, Downloads) sind nur von einzelnen Kapiteln oder Seiten und nur zum eigenen wissenschaftlichen Gebrauch erlaubt. 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Weber, Florian |
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Weber, Florian misc 20th century history: c 1900 to c 2000 misc History and Archaeology misc 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999 31 eBook GBV-OAPEN 132 EBooks OAPEN Open Access Die amerikanische Verheissung Schweizer Aussenpolitik im Wirtschaftskrieg 1917/18 |
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31 01 0027 00 eBook GBV-OAPEN 132 01 0959 00 EBooks OAPEN Open Access Die amerikanische Verheissung Schweizer Aussenpolitik im Wirtschaftskrieg 1917/18 20th century history: c 1900 to c 2000 History and Archaeology 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999 |
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Chronos Verlag |
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Die amerikanische Verheissung Schweizer Aussenpolitik im Wirtschaftskrieg 1917/18 |
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die amerikanische verheissung schweizer aussenpolitik im wirtschaftskrieg 1917/18 |
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Die amerikanische Verheissung Schweizer Aussenpolitik im Wirtschaftskrieg 1917/18 |
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Abstract in English* The promise of AmericaSwiss foreign policy amidst the economic warfare of 1917-18The book tells the dramatic history of the final two years of World War I, during which Switzerland was in between the fronts of the world powers. The surrounding struggle for global domination caused serious difficulties for the small state. Cut off from important food imports, resulting from the indiscriminate German submarine warfare, it turned for help to the USA. The pleas of a high-ranking ?Swiss Mission? sent across the Atlantic were heeded: The USA supplied the landlocked country with grain thus averting famine. While America thus boosted its reputation, the German empire became more of a threat. Agitation increased when German agents were convicted in spy scandals and trials of bombers in Zurich. Despite German propaganda, the German empire was unable to maintain its influence in Switzerland. German diplomats, as representatives of the unpopular old order, were expelled from Switzerland when the Central Powers collapsed in the fall of 1918. The USA under President Woodrow Wilson was, in contrast, enthusiastically celebrated. This study, just barely one hundred years later, enables a new view of one of the most animated periods in Swiss history, offering an opportunity to reflect on the relation of this small country to the rest of the world |
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Abstract in English* The promise of AmericaSwiss foreign policy amidst the economic warfare of 1917-18The book tells the dramatic history of the final two years of World War I, during which Switzerland was in between the fronts of the world powers. The surrounding struggle for global domination caused serious difficulties for the small state. Cut off from important food imports, resulting from the indiscriminate German submarine warfare, it turned for help to the USA. The pleas of a high-ranking ?Swiss Mission? sent across the Atlantic were heeded: The USA supplied the landlocked country with grain thus averting famine. While America thus boosted its reputation, the German empire became more of a threat. Agitation increased when German agents were convicted in spy scandals and trials of bombers in Zurich. Despite German propaganda, the German empire was unable to maintain its influence in Switzerland. German diplomats, as representatives of the unpopular old order, were expelled from Switzerland when the Central Powers collapsed in the fall of 1918. The USA under President Woodrow Wilson was, in contrast, enthusiastically celebrated. This study, just barely one hundred years later, enables a new view of one of the most animated periods in Swiss history, offering an opportunity to reflect on the relation of this small country to the rest of the world |
abstract_unstemmed |
Abstract in English* The promise of AmericaSwiss foreign policy amidst the economic warfare of 1917-18The book tells the dramatic history of the final two years of World War I, during which Switzerland was in between the fronts of the world powers. The surrounding struggle for global domination caused serious difficulties for the small state. Cut off from important food imports, resulting from the indiscriminate German submarine warfare, it turned for help to the USA. The pleas of a high-ranking ?Swiss Mission? sent across the Atlantic were heeded: The USA supplied the landlocked country with grain thus averting famine. While America thus boosted its reputation, the German empire became more of a threat. Agitation increased when German agents were convicted in spy scandals and trials of bombers in Zurich. Despite German propaganda, the German empire was unable to maintain its influence in Switzerland. German diplomats, as representatives of the unpopular old order, were expelled from Switzerland when the Central Powers collapsed in the fall of 1918. The USA under President Woodrow Wilson was, in contrast, enthusiastically celebrated. This study, just barely one hundred years later, enables a new view of one of the most animated periods in Swiss history, offering an opportunity to reflect on the relation of this small country to the rest of the world |
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Die amerikanische Verheissung Schweizer Aussenpolitik im Wirtschaftskrieg 1917/18 |
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Rezension: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, … 2017, … Weber, Florian: Die amerikanische Verheißung. ISBN … -401369- … "In uns klingt die Freude über Eurer Majestät Besuch mächtig nach. Es wird uns und dem ganzen Schweizervolk unvergesslich sein." So lautete das Dankestelegramm des Bundesrats zum Staatsbesuch Wilhelms II. in der Schweiz im September 1912. Sowohl in Bern als auch in Zürich war der Kaiser von einer begeisterten Zuschauermenge empfangen worden. Daneben wohnte Wilhelm II. zwei Tage als Beobachter den Manövern der Schweizer Armee in der Ostschweiz bei, rund … Schaulustige reisten ihm hinterher. Dass es in der Deutschschweiz große Sympathie für das nördliche Nachbarland gab, zeigte sich nach Kriegsbeginn 1914 auch an der deutschfreundlichen Haltung maßgeblicher Berner Politiker und Militärs - was zu Spannungen mit der Bevölkerung der französischsprachigen Westschweiz führte. Wie sich jedoch in den Jahren 1917/ … der Einfluss und die öffentliche Meinung in der Schweiz weg vom Kaiserreich hin zu den Vereinigten Staaten verlagerten, verdeutlicht auf prägnante Weise die Studie von Florian Weber. Als Gründe nennt er Wirtschafts- und Ernährungsfragen, politische Fehler des Deutschen Reiches sowie eine effektive amerikanische Propaganda in der Schweiz. Die Schweiz bezog Kohle und Eisen nahezu komplett aus Deutschland, das Getreide kam zumeist aus Übersee. Mit dem unbeschränkten deutschen U-Boot-Krieg und dem Kriegseintritt der Vereinigten Staaten drohten die Getreidelieferungen zu versiegen. In dieser Situation beorderte die Schweiz den Unternehmer Hans Sulzer als neuen Gesandten nach Washington. Nachdem unter seiner Regie Ende 1917 ein Getreideabkommen abgeschlossen worden war, dauerte es zwar noch bis Sommer 1918, als amerikanische Schiffe das Getreide sicher in den französischen Mittelmeerhafen Sète brachten. Dann aber war in der Schweiz der Dank gegenüber Washington groß. Demgegenüber erhöhte Berlin die Preise für Kohle und Eisen massiv, was Bern als Erpressung interpretierte. Bereits 1915 hatte die "Oberstenaffäre" die Schweiz erschüttert, als öffentlich wurde, dass zwei helvetische Offiziere Informationen an deutsche Militärs weitergegeben hatten. Sie kamen mit milden Strafen davon, da sich der prodeutsche Generalstabschef Wille schützend vor sie stellte. Im Sommer 1917 wurde bekannt, dass der Schweizer Außenminister Hoffmann auf deutsches Ersuchen hin die Rückkehr Lenins aus dem Zürcher Exil nach Russland mit ermöglicht und zudem Kontakt zur provisorischen russischen Regierung aufgenommen hatte, um diese zu einem Friedensschluss zu drängen. Hoffmann musste daraufhin zurücktreten, Berlin verlor seinen besten Fürsprecher in der Regierung. Sein Nachfolger Gustave Ador stammte aus der Westschweiz und war Präsident des Internationalen Komitees vom Roten Kreuz - eine "Richtungswahl", so Autor Weber, für eine Annäherung an die Entente. Im letzten Kriegsjahr weiteten die Vereinigten Staaten ihre Propagandatätigkeit in der Schweiz massiv aus. Bereits im Frühjahr 1917 war das "Committee on Public Information" gegründet worden, das die Kriegspropaganda mit Mitteln der Produktwerbung revolutionierte. Mit Vira Whitehouse war eine dynamische Frau in der Schweiz tätig, die Propaganda nicht wie üblich verdeckt, sondern transparent wie in der Werbung durchführte. Sie stellte Schweizer Zeitungen ein tägliches Pressebulletin mit Nachrichten und Wilson-Reden zur Verfügung und ließ amerikanische Zeitungen in Zürcher Grand Hotels auslegen. Ihr größter Coup war das Zeigen von Propagandafotos in Einkaufsstraßen. Ladeninhaber wurden dafür bezahlt, dass sie in ihren Schaufenstern amerikanische Kriegsfotografien mit eindeutiger Botschaft ausstellten. Ihr deutscher Gegenspieler Harry Graf Kessler hatte das Nachsehen. Sein Konzept, anhand von Konzerten und Literaturlesungen in der Schweiz sowohl die angebliche kulturelle als auch die militärische deutsche Überlegenheit zu demonstrieren, verfing 1918 nicht mehr. Nach Kriegsende mussten die einst einflussreichen deutschen und österreichischen Diplomaten die Schweiz verlassen, eine zusätzliche Schmach im Zeichen von militärischer Niederlage und Revolution. Der österreichisch-ungarische Konsul in Zürich, Ernst von Maurig, brachte sich aus Verzweiflung über den Untergang der Doppelmonarchie sogar um. Die Schweiz orientierte sich nun offen nach Westen und unterstützte die Völkerbundpläne von Präsident Woodrow Wilson. Das hohe Ansehen bei den Alliierten zeigte sich in der Entscheidung für Genf als Sitz des Völkerbundes. Webers Untersuchung gibt einen guten Einblick in die "Dreiecksbeziehung" zwischen Berlin, Bern und Washington in den Jahren 1917/ … Sie veranschaulicht auch, wie stark die Alpenrepublik bereits vor hundert Jahren international verflochten gewesen ist. PHILIP ROSIN Florian Weber: Die amerikanische Verheißung. Schweizer Außenpolitik im Wirtschaftskrieg 1917/ … Chronos Verlag, Zürich 2016. … S., … ,- [Euro]. Florian Weber Die amerikanische Verheissung Schweizer Aussenpolitik im Wirtschaftskrieg 1917/ … CbRONOS … Inhalt … Die Schweiz im Ersten Weltkrieg: Zwischen deutschem Imperialismus und amerikanischem Aufstieg … Prolog: Vom Kaiserbesuch zum Völkerbund … Heranführung und Fragestellung … Forschungsstand, Quellen und Methode … Winter 1916/ … Vom U-Boot-Krieg zum Kriegseintritt der USA … Der Umzug der Amerikaner von Berlin nach Bern … Die Schweizer Bundeshauptstadt als Kulminationspunkt der internationalen Diplomatie … Die Berliner Schaltzentrale in der Schweiz und die Kohleversorgung durch das Deutsche Reich … Der U-Boot-Krieg und die Schweizer Abhängigkeit vom US-Weizen … Rumänisches Getreide oder der vergebliche Versuch, die Schweiz ans Deutsche Reich zu «ketten» … Der Eklat um den Schweizer Botschafter in Washington und die Kriegserklärung Präsident Wilsons … Schwierige Ausgangslage im Frühjahr 1917 … Der Frühling der Affären und die Entsendung der Swiss Mission im Sommer 1917 Deutsche Geheimaktivitäten in der Schweiz und die Hoffmann-Grimm-Affäre Die Richtungswahl Gustave Adors zum neuen Schweizer Aussenminister Ein Schweizer Unternehmer wird neuer Botschafter in Washington In Amerika die Schweiz erklären: Die Idee der Swiss Mission Fahrt in Richtung Westen: Mit dem Dampfschiff über den Atlantik Ungewisse Aussichten im Sommer 1917 ri n … Die Swiss Mission in den USA und der Verhandlungsherbst 1917 … Amerikanische Zweifel an der Neutralität der Schweiz … Schweizer Propaganda in Amerika … Washingtoner Verhandlungsmarathon im Herbst 1917 … Deutsche Störmanöver und die prekäre aussenpolitische Balance … Enttäuschte Hoffnungen und die Abreise der Swiss Mission … Verhandlungsdurchbruch beim Getreideabkommen im Dezember 1917 … Äusserer Druck und innere Spannungen: Die Schweiz Ende 1917 … Deutscher Frühling 1918 und die Zweifel an «Uncle Sam» Die Versenkung der «Sardinero» Transportprobleme und die Skepsis gegenüber den amerikanischen Versprechen … Wachsende Sorge um die Schweizer Landes Versorgung im Frühjahr 1918 … Deutsche Erfolge im Osten als Gefahr für die Schweiz … Der Tod eines Schweizer Diplomaten und die harte Hand der deutschen Militärs … Die Freunde Deutschlands sind verärgert … Sommer 1918: Zwischen dem Niedergang des Deutschen Reiches und der Ankunft der US-Truppen in Europa Die Eskorte der US-Navy und die «Schweizer» Getreideschiffe Miss Whitehouse und die amerikanische Propaganda Von amerikanischen Agenten und Detektiven: Die deutschen Behörden fürchten den amerikanischen Einfluss in der Schweiz Das Scheitern der deutschen Westoffensive und der Raubzug im Osten Schmähungen und Brandanschläge: Die Stimmung in der Schweiz wird antideutsch … Der Zusammenbruch der mächtigen Nachbarn im turbulenten Herbst 1918 … Deutschland erbittet den Waffenstillstand … Vergebliche Friedenssuche der Zentralmächte über die Schweiz … Revolution im Deutschen Kaiserreich und der Zerfall der Habsburgermonarchie … Der Zürcher Bombenprozess und der Landesstreik oder der Kampf gegen die deutsch-bolschewistische Unterwanderung … Die Schweiz steht unter alliierter Beobachtung … Der Abzug der deutschen und österreichisch-ungarischen Behörden aus der Schweiz j. … Die Schweiz im Banne Wilsons in der Nachkriegszeit Die USA als Versorger Europas Der Kampf gegen die deutsche «Überfremdung» und für das Schweizer «Branding» Die Schweizer Wirtschaft schaut nach Westen Wilson-Verehrung und das Schweizer Lobbying in Versailles Der Völkerbund kommt nach Genf … Schlussbetrachtung … Zusammenfassung … Flexibler Kleinstaat im totalen Krieg: Fünf Schlussfolgerungen … Dank … Bildnachweis … Abkürzungen … Anmerkungen … Quellen und Literatur Ungedruckte Quellen Zeitungen und Zeitschriften Elektronische Quellen Gedruckte Quellen und Literatur mit Quellencharakter Sekundärliteratur … |
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