Photovoltaic thermal passive house system : basic principle, modeling, energy and exergy analysis
"This book is aimed at graduate students and researchers in civil engineering, solar energy, renewable energy, architecture"--
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Tiwari, G. N. - 1951- [verfasserIn] Gupta, Neha [verfasserIn] |
|---|---|
| Körperschaften: |
CRC Press [Verlag] |
| Format: |
Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
Boca Raton London New York: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group ; 2023 |
|---|---|
| Ausgabe: |
First edition |
| Schlagwörter: | |
|---|---|
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Formangabe: |
Einführung |
| Systematik: |
|
|---|
| Anmerkung: |
Literaturangaben |
|---|---|
| Umfang: |
xx, 429 Seiten ; Illustrationen, Diagramme, Pläne |
| Weitere Ausgabe: |
Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe Gupta, Neha: Photovoltaic thermal passive house system - Boca Raton : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2023 |
|---|
| Links: | |
|---|---|
| ISBN: |
978-1-138-33355-0 978-1-032-04701-0 |
| Katalog-ID: |
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Photovoltaic Thermal Passive House System Basic Principle, Modeling, Energy and Exergy Analysis Gopal Nath Tiwari and Neha Gupta CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business Contents PICIACE. o cvisnnonmmsisniinnniinsstonss … inintssnkien stos dnesnmmrsmsbosi IXMEINOES Chapter … s oe e i s s il i et s asmmns sernsiesmen aas i A A g … P i A AN SRS obe S e e R i A S mimne e s e SRS s XVii X1X General INtrOdUCHION … couiiiiiieiieiiieeeieettt … Zero Energy Buildings … oocueoviiioiieiiiiiiiiiieeeieceee L. 2i1 … T8 S … Sun—Earth Angles … coooiiviiiiiie Climatic CONAILIONS … eovuveeiiieiieireeerteeetcireeesne Weather CONdItIONS … cooveriiiiiieinieenieenteeeeesttt15 Macro- and MiICrOCHMALE … cccuveirreeriiirireeeiienieenieee15 … Macroclimate … cceevueeieeniinnieniciiccieniceiciee15 … MIiICroClimate … covveeirinieeiiieeciicerecerieee15 … SOlar ACCESS.cuuveeireeiiiiniieeeteeiie ettt … WInd Control … cooceeviiiieniiinieiiee16 … Building Orientation … cc.ccoveeveerieerieneenieenieneeareeenennns … ClIUSEEIING … eiutiiiiiniieiiectiie ettt … Envelope Design or Building Envelope … cccccovvvevieiiieciniencninnnn, … Building Shape … coooviriiiiniiniiiiieniec e … Entrances and WIindOWS … cccceeviieriiieeniiieeeiierennreennns … LD28 INSHIGHION . versssssenssnunumssmusmsanrsssiannunonioncovseusinsssnnsiisdisnss … Solar Shading Techniques … ccccevveruerieeviininieeneenne … Infiltration Reduction … ccocuemviiiniiieniiienieceieee, … INterior DeSI@N … ccciieiiuieiiierireiieeeiteeste ettt e Biochimatic DESIZN … cc.uvviviiiiiiiiiiiieceet ettt e e sae e ens … L0. … EHISHODY v ciuossosninssonnasspenissssnnsosnimbinbiseiesunsssas … Building Design Strategies Depending on Climatic Conditions … EnNergy CONSEIVALION … coc.ueviiirieirienniieettteireesieeeer … INtrOAUCHION … eeiiiiireiieeit ettteteeteeean … Energy EffiCIency … cooieeierieiiieiiieececeeeeeeneee26 EDeroy COnSUMPION . omsomnmmsmmpsoisrssennvessemnpesmepbsasomtsiiesisinionss26 Design Approach to ZEB … cccocviiiiiiiiiiiiiiiieiicicciceneee28 … saa e Architectural Design of Passive Buildings … cccoeviiviienienievieiienircieeens … SHe PIANMIRG . oo vecsciwnossimesninsosmsussnmmsnniasssssnssessivn snsiihsassnsioseansansstas … Building Location and Orientation … ccecceeecveevirennnennn. … ettt Strategies for Passive Design … ccocevvierrienrienieinienienieceee16 … e5 SOLAE RAUTGEIONL ooisssisasssnsbisssmsiusnsboamsons usnsssmssionsabuaiiessiss bensisssasisnasssnnsss … Passive HOUSES … cccuuiiuiiiiiiecieeiieese … o i imecubssnnmisinrissniinnsinasmnsssisessavasnasews TH0 AT it ccnnuastoiisiomivssiasnsebionosntasmssessiessssessinsiessas CHIBIE 1ovoeieesesimnsincvmranpnsessmmnmmnsmmummnitsenis … e1 The Sun and … BArtH … ociseomsssmensmsnsmssmmmmssusssaasmmsessssiynmyesasssmisshssk2 … Stage … Research … c.cooveiiiiiiiiniiiiiice28 SIAPE 1t REAUCE .ioiiiianisniorsnesiimimisiniessissihsermbnsnasssnnnspasnsinbinsssumsserassasnnsinss … REUSE . cosinerrreessniotimusiintatbnrmbubnsiasiesfissnuse Stage … ProducCe … coovveriiiiiieriiiciiiiieecceteee32 Case Study of an Energy Neutral Building … ccccoceeviiiiiiiiniininiinnece … OD)CCIIVE LIUESTIOIS < sunicisoninssainssassshsessmssasuessmevsnesssnnessnsnsssssmmassssmsasmssnnsasbpeastessriuses35 vil Contents viii PATSWIETS eusinie sy s mocstaosii g s i s i s o s i i … AS 7k s e o A R e i B S AR … oreenssion smimianhbiosnsssieriiosismssncoemessesssnso RO CTETICEN e e o Chapter … s ioeiions i ssms s soesce SS SR S SRSE RS SN At SR i … BASIC FLoal TraRSIEE . v casnsrssnsssncnsnnsioniintssnsssotsnsanssistssa .75TN DD … £ s,1SRRSO SRS NIRRT SRS S T ONUUICTION 1eerinpnninsnssimimsnronbesstnsiisnmm … TeMpPeratiie TUCIA: … Thermal COndUCHVILY o:.comssisserevsemusrmosnsmnprsesssmtnmmssimemsessngsmunsiss … Conductive Heat Transfer Coefficient … cccoviivviiiiiiiiiiiiiiiicnn. … 2k … Thermal DITIISIVAEY i russiasnssersserssssannssiisastsominnebessytonsasi Dimensionless Heat Conduction Parameters … cccccoovviiiinnnnnn, … Rayleigh Number (Ra) … cc.cccooviiiiiiiiiiniiiini … Free COnvVECHON … vvviiiiiirieeeeiiieeeeeeiiieeeeeeseseieeee Types of CONVECHON … uivuviiriieiiiiieie ittt Forced COnVECHION … eeeeeeeiiieeeriiiirieeeresreereessssseeeeessssnnnees … Kirchhoff’s Law … couviiiiiiii … Laws of Thermal Radiation … ccoovveiiiiiiiicciiiinnee e … PIABCK'S 1AW s rniveinsnnsponsssensmsionsinions sevixsssrsisnniussss s supesmatks … A0 … RGO o … scrersiniarsisstursvissssnsmmenensinnskissssnshnseesssasiniiisnmssir … Radiation Involving Real Surfaces … ccccoevviirniiiiiiiiiiccnnnnnn … Grashof Number (Gr) … cccoevveeeieiniiieeenniiinieeee e … Mixed-Mode CONVECHION … ccveeeeiriieiiiieeeciiiieee59 Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient … ooovvvrviieeniiiinniieiieceecceiecee … Fourier NUMDET … cooiiiiiieiieiiieiee45 Dimensionless Heat Convection Parameters … cccoocvneninnennenne. … Nusselt Number (NU) … oovveieiiiiiiiiinieeeereeee47 … Reynolds Number (Re) … cccovrivmiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiceni, … Prandtl Number (Pr) … ccccceveviiieiiiniiiriieiineneceinnccs … Biot Number (Bi) … ooocoovvieeieiieieeeeeeeie e, … CONVECHION cetiiietereieeeeitereeeeeetrteessbareeeesebbaeesssssbaeeessabbraesesababrreesesaasaeaassssssses … soviniirnewemunsnsssnns annennssnnessrmssickasnsins oxssugsnipeabsnsmss … Fourier’s Heat Conduction EQUAtion … ccccovvvviviiiiiiiiniiiiniinni, … REER T PR … Wien’s Displacement Law … ccoccevvvienievniienicenieenninens … Stefan—Boltzmann Law … ccccceeeeeiiiiieiniiiiieeecciiiieee62 … Sky Radiation … cccooveeriiieieinieeniienieciee e … Radiative Heat Transfer Coefficient … cccoveievvieeniiieiiieiiieeeieeeins … Evaporation (Mass Transfer) … cccccviviiiniiiiiiiiniis … Total Heat Transfer CoeffiCIent … cc.vveieiiiiiiieeeieiiee e … Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient … cooveriniieiniiieniiiiiniececeeeeee6 … Parallel SIADS … ovieieiee e … Parallel Slabs with Air Cavity … cccccevviiiinniiiiiiececcirece71 Thermal Circuit ANALYSIS … oiiiiriierriieeieeteeee … Composite Wall … cccccoriiriiiiiiiiiiie … COMPOSHE ROODL. o, cooorsinmersnivstonssnssoinmsnenssitsonsi … Energy Balance for Winter’s Day … ccccccininninniniiniinencnieee. … Energy Balance on a Cloudy Day … cccocoeviievininiiiiiiniiiicniees 7D Energy Balance on a Summer’s Day in an ENCroy Balante … oo sespnsesnssnsnscasiusnsnossmosmisstsasisasinssmssosiosiapismshasssssenss75 Air-Conditioned Building … cceevvvveiriiiiniiiinniiecnireeceieee7 … Energy Balance for Intermediate Season Like Spring and Autumn … ODbJeCtiVe QUESHIONS … c.veivviiiiiiiitittt … Contents INTISWIEES . oo - cianinisnonioiinttbisaming dnmash dreennnssiatonm ainesi sad wwisenkioneiionio bepsorig R R PEODIBTINS, «oe e inisiions s messess sinesusismssons ey msyslhesiics s itssssbes IRCICTETICES ot svmoiomarsn i Chapter … S8 s … S il si bl A B o ab e in s SRS SRS MR RS S … s PR EY … e B S B ASE5 … THCTIHAL C OIMLOD i1 i oo bimunivsioniomisimninisove/ii o) … I DIEOOUCTION . ihneinnsnsmissinti oksossias isassssnsommnsimsissssanas i Sha aoimss shsdommens ke o nemspmsms … PhySICAl ASPECLS cuviieuiiieiiiiiieesittettte 32l AUE TOTTIDOTAIIIC s xnss sphisaimassmeciins a4 wiids e Stamsssssuinsis sess i sioaduss … AQr MOVEIMENL … eeivviieeiiieeiiteeeiieeiteestesesteeeen … AN PIESSINIE cvscisnsivonvesnsnsnsvesssssonushaessssssssussssnmesons … D28 … Relative HUMIAILY … cocoiiiiniiiiiniiiiiiccciciniei86 Mean Radiant Temperature … ccovevveeviiniiniiiiienieinciieces88 AIr INGredicntS … coviieeiiiiieeiiiieiieeiee et AACOUSHICS wsvinssissunessicssniosnasisnsnssssonsinshinsssedsnnmsssnsinnsssasysnsssssssasins DAVHBIUNE … o srseinsicasnpanssrssammsingsvagatsn ohinsosnissientoaiseih s sbossnin anisensss … Windows and Fenestrations … c.cceevevveeriveeenieennnenennne … Solar TUDES … eviiiiiiieeece92 Semi-Transparent Solar Photovoltaic Lighting … System (SSPLS) and Transparent Facades … ccoceeees … Light ShEelVeS … covvviiiiiieiiriieiceeree e … HICIUOSEALS, s viumssusununes snsanionsnisnasinonnytsntsiesussioniResiesvsmsmmiva … Hybrid Solar Lighting (HSL) … coooceiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiieee … DNutri{ional InTAKE … ovvomevssssmnviosvasessssmsamiasssiamnnnsesnssssssvssureonnassbos95 AABR e o vinaiinrisssinnyins s ihk ke SRS G S AR S A S A NS AR S ICONSHIBLIONN . csunevs ssnnmmeniinrinessintsnssesisnssuieisaseisnpmron … ACUVILY LeVel .o … Adaptation and Acclimatization … coeoeevieenieeiiniineenieeceeceeen … BA. … Ethnic InflTUences … cooiiiiiiiiiie95 Gender DIifferences … cceovveeimiiiiiriiiei95 Behavioral ASPECTS … ccoveiiiieeiiiiiiiiiee ettt … CLOthING c.vviiiieiriiiieeecee e … Time of the Day/SEason … coccueviiiiiniiieiiiieiniene98 CCCUPANCY it rnseasssinsihsmpisissssiinsesVsisiossusss … Psychological FaCtOrs … cccceiviiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiciiccccceeee98 3900 CONUUCTION vrrecumrrensnensssnsss shsibmsionssaisesiesubniaseshrsssetonionphrmssamsaiip The Contfort Equation - ux.osstmmissessisnsssmscsnsssissheiskismmesiansessssvnssswiosiria … Smart Glass Windows … cceevereriieiiiiininiieennieee94 B3l … Sawtooth ROOES … ccvviiiiiiiiiiieecceee94 PhySioloZICal ASPECES … cuveiririerieiriieniteriteetett … SKYHZRLS oot … AIr EIECHICILY cuvviviereieerieeieeeiieeseeeerieestsereeesveee … CODVECHION. covsosenrivssssansasssssunnsrassonsnassshnnsns frisusnipeissnhasssssnassaassisnsanios … RAIAION tovviiiiiiicieeeecie e … EVADOTAIOEY consiininnins iusmvummisssnssnnusssossnvasiiosesssiaboshsssunnesvassssnnso RCEDITAMION . is0ivineniesmsisnnesuniissanksisnesssessmashssinmu Thermal Comfort INAICES … ccoouiiriiiiiiiiieiriiiectees103 … Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) INAEX … uvunrimnniiiiiiiiiiieeeeeeeeeees103 Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied (PPD) IndeX … cccccceveeviiinnnnnnn. … Adaptive Comfort Standard … ccoccevverviiiniiniiniiiiiii, … Field Studies and Rational Indices … cccccevviiriiinnnennee. … Rational Approach … cccceceevvciiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiieciiicnieces … Contents … VisUQl COMEOTL … ccvvieirieiiereiierirerieeeres et e … Thermal Load Leveling CTLL) i isvieiammmrmpmussenmiisimeimpions … Building Performance Parameters … ccocreereesseerirenserssensnessesasanesnesonsssssesses … DecretNent FPATIOL coumevesesinsiroviisessasbosssnemssssnssussnnimossnupmiosdupssesnssans107 Related Standards … covvveevrieiiriiieneiinie OB JECLINVE L UC SIS o ariesiceome soiion e oo imaitns s ssbniasstsnsif i mBETb ss SR Ae e … s cxmevansannsnstonsssesnsnssissmyntiskynsssnssubansys RETETCIIOES … conuessunsnasionssssvsiainnbanessnssmmsusesanurssasneitsinsnesei Chapter … Dnergy and EXC1oy ARDIVISIS … iucivesiinyuisspnsinsonpisesmosnssmisiansssissesinsdtSai A] … IDNIEOAUCIION vivvnsssisonssmmoisiinirrmiisnnnmsonssssssusssesstinisasmssstshibninssesrm … Brief History of Thermodynamics … ccoccoveviviiniiiniiniiiiiniienns … The Zeroth Law of ThermodynamicCs … cc.cccervveervieennniiniicnirnennnn … The Second Law of Thermodynamics … c.cccvcviviriiiininniiiinininnn, … The Third Law of Thermodynamics … coeceevvveencvieninieriienniieennn. … Laws 0l THerMOQYITANNIES … oncosns sossisssmunsessispinssonssssssomssenseisiessnsssspinsh111 … ENeroy ARBIYSIS: cinuciieiinisinismmonmrnsicrepnsonsitsimmisiasin subisnssnaemmsssrasssms insosfenass … IOHUCHION . siiiasissrmssmysaciossmarssnisanmnsvinssssunssmmrmnsassssneifaeasssavinssions … EnNeroy NAMICES … oo cuounvisssssigensinssnsssssnsssnsassonsssnssstpons … Embodied Energy Analysis … ccccevoirierieiieniiciiiiee115 Energy Density Analysis … ccocoovveiriiniiiiiniiiiiiiiciniinneen, … Process ANalysiS … ccovvurieeiiiiiiiiiiiinnennennireeese116 Input-Output AnalysiS … ccccooemreiminiinienienienicnneeniean, … Energy Payback Time (EPBT) … c.ccccooviiiiiiniiiiecnees … Hybrid Analysis … cccccoeimmiiniiiiiinieeiieiieecieieces … An Overall Thermal ENergy … cccccovevvivivvirviniiiiiinieiiciicsiccna … Energy Production Factor (EPF) … ccccoooiiiiiiiiii … Life Cycle Conversion Efficiency (LCCE) … cccooevvivriiniieiiineen, … Energy Matrices of Photovoltaic (PV) Module … ccocccoeveenennnn. … Low-Grade and High-Grade Energy … ccccoovvvviiiniviniiireecennenne … EXe18V EIICIENO0Y iiiunisvoresernnesnunsosmnseiessonistns sesenspsansssunssanssiciestisrnss … EXErZY ANALYSIS … c.cccvrerrrrieirirrreesenineneessisnieesesnsiotestistesesessessesstassosssessessassans … The First Law of ThermodynamicCs … cccccevvvieriiiiiiiiiiininiiiiinennn, … Exergy as a Process … cccccvriereiennieennnennnn e metkaest124 Solar Radiation EXErgy … ccoovveimiiiiiiiiiiiiice e … Exergy Analysis Methods … ccceccnvnnniiniernniennnennnn … Exergy Analysis of Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) Systems … Case Study with Roof-Mounted BiPVT System … ccceccevvvivieinvenienneenns … DESCEIDLION . ovnesiacsionsintisensssssves ehesnsnssdusitarsasdies sk esntnenans hosssh s sisionst … Overall Embodied Energy, EPBT, EPF … c.ccooviiiniiiiiiiiie … OD1COIVE QIUESTIOMS uwesicnscumssiriiss esnsnsimantspyansenton misusisiis ghonsinneiusesssorsaatomssensimnsresibet133 IRTTSIVETS o nensimssyivs priinsnnas mtsbisiis i msis st sbmen s SN EHASPN SRR e DR RS w0 e SR S RSk kRN … IPEODICIINS.c.oxssseisensnesis mseasisngnsiominsxpisias s st sessussnsomiunrbusioasssins oyysknsnsesivn eies wiesahswssabnes … RETETEICES «.vvveeitveeeeieeeeeteeeeetteteeteeeteees Chapter … Solar Cell Materials, PV Modules and ATTAYS … ccovvvreerneieeriieeerieeecieeeeereev139 S8 … TIEOTUCTION <siuniivnres s dininsusinnsitiosossmsse s awssion Sais ik s ssisne s sk cas e wias wmslesennssean … Basics of Semiconductors and Solar CellS … ccevvvvivieiiieiviiniiiceeceeee … Intrinsic SemMICONAUCIOT … vviiviiiiiriiieiiii e … NoOn-Intrinsic SemiCONAUCIOT covuuiiet e e e e eeeeeeaeeeeeeeerennns … Xi Contents … P JUNCHON c … eeviiiiiiee etet143 … Solar Cell (Photovoltaic) MaterialS … coveeevireeireeerieeeireereenne, … SIlICON (S1) cervievieiiieiiiieieet145 Xded … Fermi Level in Semiconductor … ccecviviiiiieiiieeieeiecieeiecseeieas … PHOIOVONAIC BITCOL ersosysvsvminssssisaionistisnesstnmstisamiesisinisisssssmbmsadsnntsns … Single-Crystal Solar Cell … cccoooveveiienieiiieeeeee, … Basic Parameters of Solar Cells … ccccvevviieiieiiiieiiieeieeeeeeen, … Photovoltaic (PV) Modules and PV Arrays … cccoceeeveeieneeneniereneereee, … Single-Crystal Solar Cells PV Module … c.ccccovuveeviviniieeiieeerieenne, … Thin-Film PV Modules … ccoviviiiiniieiiieecee e, … Packing Factor (,) of PV Module … c.cccccovviiiininiiiiice, … Efficiency of PV Modules … cccoevierieiiiiieiiecieeeeiee152 Energy Balance Equations for PV Modules … cccoovvviininnennnne. … For Opaque (Glass to Tedlar) PV Modules … For Semi-Transparent (Glass-to-Glass) PV Modules … Series and Parallel Combination of PV Modules … cccouveeenennnn. … Degradation of Solar Cell MaterialS … cccoeervuirnieeevineinenerneennn. … 5371 D92 DUStEfeCt cuoeciieeiiiieccieeeeeeeeeee e … ASING BIHECE … ioouidiis s ianionsmnesinianssssssiness dnsasinemsnsisiiass … ODbJECtiVe QUESTIONS … uveerrreiiiieitieiieertteeeeeeetaeestaeeareebeeesseeesseeessseessraessseesssasenseeeans … iommmsavissinss s useiesnomssin s amesasE AR RS Ss oA AA TRCICTOTICER1 soeiscns Chapter … EN is AER NS … e Ro s a SR M S B A AT v ol il sA o9 R … g a8 … Static Design Concept for a Light-Structured Building for Cold Climatic CONAILIONS … eeiitieeeitie et eiriee ettt ettt e CoTR … aa e s e sebee e s aabeeesabeaeessseeeasseeesssneaennsseans … R1114L613()1ST Re … SOL-AIr TOMPETAULE … coveisoimeeississiassisnssamssssesnsasserssssnsssrenssnssensinsmansbysssansssssnns … e e et a e e … Bare SUITACE … ociiciosesirminneiivemsansisinsosssssspasssssonsnssssssrossassospssansassnass … WEHICH SUTTAGE . ccinigsivoisiiamonsisvainnsivnnsesiis msninsnsobsidtomniussiinbsensesssios sassemssss … Blackened and Glazed Surface … ooceevvvvemrveeeieeeeieeeeee, … THEHAL UIAI .comesevaemnsmmmiinesnnsssinssshsboisinessieshensiistyassssssiinsssnmminsmssaninsisssssrass … DIreCt GaIN co.eveeviiiniieenieecieeiieeeet164 … Direct Gain through Glazed Windows … ccccceeeuveennne. … Net Thermal Energy Gains … ccccocvvevvveeeiiveeecrieeenne, … INAITECt GAINS .eouvvvvieeiieeiiiieertieeeteesteeeeeeesraeee … Direct Gain through Semi-Transparent Photovoltaic (SPV) System … c.ccccevvvieeviiieeniiecereeenne, … Thermal Storage Wall/ROOfS … ccceovvevvriiniiiniricieenne, … TEOMBE WIS … oiuicsiioniinsmierssimsinimienbsssnssnmmetessiiiasiidnss … WaterwallS … cooceeiiiiiiiiiieceee174 Trans WallS … ccccoeiiiiiiiiiieiiie e SOlarilims … ccoeeeiiiiiiiiieeiee e … 1SOLAEEU GAIIL … ovorsvriommsnines chmasssoisemsaimasnsssitsmsntssssussesmawasisrssssaessnsaistsasss175 Direct and Indirect Gain through Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) Systems Integrated with Building … cccccovvveeiiiiiiininenenn. … Semi-Transparent Photovoltaic (SPV) Roof Integrated with Building’s ROOftop … ccovvvviveeniriinnnnnne, … Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) Trombe Walls … Integration of Roof (with Vent) with Semi-Transparent Photovoltaic Modules … ccccc … Integration of Roof with Opaque Photovoltaic Modules … xii Contents … PVT SOlariums … cccccoieririeireerireeniieesiresieeeirresieeesvaee … ObJECtIVE QUESTIONS … eeievvieeitieiiieeieeeieesaeeerreesesesabeesiiaebseebreessbeesbeeesebeesrbeesanrenaneas … PN 115715£ NN D IRCHCTRMICES 5ioi o svsiesiiusogiinistssoseases s Chapter … RN eios ps s b PSP … S i M PPN N S S NS s S AR AEN … s S s … Dynamic Design Concepts for Hot Climatic Conditions … ccccocvervvenvvievineenneenn. … Tl … INOAUCTION Leiiiiiiiieeieiieier eteesteeeeee Phase Change Materials (PCMS) … covriiriiiniienieiiecereccireesenesneessnnessnees … Infiltration/Natural Ventilation … cocevrviinieiiiiniecniieeseceeee … Smart WinAOWS … ceoiiiiiiiiieeiie et … Literature Study: Infiltration/Natural Ventilation … c.cccveeeneenn. … oiiiiiiiieiiiiieiieeesiteeesreeeesearesiaee Feid SDAAIIG v voncninisiiivisimsntivesthomidmsiunt … To3ed Self-Inflating Curtains … oovevveveriieinieniieeneee1 Window Quilt Shade … ccoovvvveiiiiiiiiiiiiiiieee1 Venetian Blind between the Glasses … cccceevvvreeieeennn, … Transparent Heat Mirrors … cccoecveeveviieiiiieeeniicee188 Solar Shading DeVICES … ccvvevvirieiiiiieieeeeeee e … T340 ROOLS . oo cisi civimisnieisssasisiimomenunsss osyonisnssvvhnseosaneoisissivms ves … Heat Trap … cccovii it … WS . cisiinrinn v ssnesisiisasissbansnemsnnsasnssmssssamse … Optical Shutter … cccoovveiiiiiieeieceece e … Shading by Textured Surface … cccceeevvvvievvveieiieeeenen, … Trees and Ve@etation … ccoveeevevieeeiiieenieeeecineeeseveeee189 Literature Study: Shading … ccoovieviiiiiiiiiii e … Thermotropic and Thermochromic COatings … cccccceervennenuenrieeieenneenenenn, … Fol NI K AVIIICS corsvwe s itinsaisesnsickvustyhns sissonnasnposetsasnnsisnsn aunioe inass winedlias s o s … eanwsnyos … COMIETALUS . iessonnsssinesssimbnssssnneiinmesshsssismmsmmnyesspsantssy … Literature Study: Air CaVIty … oocveriieriireirieeiieieee e, … Evaporative COONE … ccoviiiiiiieiieiiieeieet193 Green RoofS/Cool ROOTS … cocviiviiiiiieiieciiccieccee … Literature Study: Cool ROOf … cccoviiviiiiiiiiice e, … Literature Study: Evaporative Cooling … ccccvevvevieeireeiiiieecreenneen, … RAUIGHVE COOlIMG cunsssisuisiborans tossuessssnssssmsmnssanssensnsshmns di0s dussomsiist vmuhssins … Literature Study: Radiative Cooling … ccceevvieriiiiiiieinieicece, … Movable INSUIAtION … ocevviieiiiie it ereae e … Dynamic Insulation WallS … coceeviiiniiiniiiniiiiieccce e … Exterior Insulation … ccocccceerevieiiiciiiiiiiec e, … Interior INSULAtioN … covuvireeiiiieiicceccteee WINA TOWETS … eciiiiieiiie sttt … es e et e aase s eatee s enaaeessens … Literature Study: Wind TOWETS … cccceevvieeviiieiiiieeeieee e, … T3 AR WCIIES … o coeipuanssomumtisssasessamnsissimnipisonhis55 … Rock Bed Regenerative COOlET … ccooviiviiiniiiiieiiicii e, … Earth COUPIING … cocovieeieiiiieeieiiteett … Earth-Air Heat Exchanger (EAHE) … ccccooviiiiiiiii, … Literature Study: EAHE … ccoooviiiiiiiiire, … coii i riei e etttstaessreessbe … Literature Study: Roof Pond-Passive Cooling … cc.cccovvvvveeinnnnnn., … Trombe WallS … cooviiiimiiieiiieecieee20 Different Compositions of Trombe Wall … cccoooiiiniiiin, … Contents Tl Vonted Tromibe Wall … o sssoesiniucssmmiussscneoosvesstoransissini … Heat Transfer in Trombe Walls … cccccoviiiniiiiiiiini, … Rate of Heat Transter … cccevvievieiiiieniieniicnecneee, … Efficiency Analysis of Trombe Wall … ccccooeiviiiniiiniininenn … Dl 1901 WD oocuigsos mithasnssms s mamss wasioibaniaiis s tiassosn mveebses inmsias 9508 … Phase Change Material (PCM) Trombe Wall … cccccovvveeninnnnnnne. … Photovoltaic Integrated Phase Change Materials (PV-PCM) Wall … ot … TAT41 U-ValUC … ot … FAT2 BIZE.iunennecnreomnmnmemumsnwanssbtstmssaiishasb T 1753 FaANuuiiiiiiiiiiiieceete210 TA8 … T XT. … Material and COlOT … ccvvievvieiiriiiiee210 IBSIIMION oo nnssussintssnieassasmsicecsnmsinssnwinasaissmbpnmsassianmsapsibsa210 SOIar COOIING . c.vieiieeiiieiieiiee … et ee es e … Solar Photovoltaic Cooling … ccceveeviiniiniiniiiniiiicneeeececee … ODbJECtIVE QUESTIONS. ¢ vveeueieiiieeiteeitie ettt et e st e sttt ee steeesbeebee s tbeesebeebreesaeeesbeesseneens … TSNS v ei upsis s wsimmlstmsoc o omsiums s T U e iA e i e S il A4 … PUODL CIMIS e ok rensmingasinsmanne s s esemnennnsursnsns wesmaisnumasion seb A Shiusina e A East S bres e SB RsR e o REIETCHCES … cvniinrummnirmsonresiness s Chapter … sprmpsnmssssssnsss syuss asamssiess sy Sehaoks el astsipesmnsessnseis … Building Integrated Photovoltaic Thermal System (BiPVT) … ccooceviiiviinniennnn, … Bl … TOEECGAUCTION oo 5onnrsiscsinmmmsmmosnmnmninnssonmssabontstsestiassisiestedveissns Literature Review of BiPV/ BiPVT SyStems … ccccovvviiiiiieniieiieeeiee220 Types of PV Integrations with Buildings … cc.ccooevveiniiniiniinicnineee … 81351 B30 … Opaque Photovoltaic System Integrated with Rooftop … Opaque Photovoltaic System Integrated with Facade … Building Integrated Semi-Transparent Photovoltaic (BiSPVT) System … Semi-Transparent Photovoltaic System Integrated WA ROOTIOD s csvssvansssnucnmmmensassnesshnsuesvesssnssmsesssmpmsunsossasessssaissbiseesss … Facade-Building Integrated Semi-Transparent Photovoltaic (BISPVT) SYStEIM … vvviiiiiiiiiieiiiiiie ettt eiiere e s eie e e s srenreee s … BiOPVT and BiSPVT System on Rooftop and Facade … ccccceenieennnnne … Use of PV Modules in an Urban Settings … ccocovvviiviiiiiiiiniieneeieeneeee, … Energy and Exergy Analysis of BiSPVT System … cccccvevvvivriievvieeeieeins … Working PrinCiple … ccooerviiiniiiniiiiiiie229 … Basic Energy Balance EQUations … c.cccoovveviiiiiiiniiieniee e, … Comparative Statement of Proposed Cases (a—d) … ccceevveennenee. … Other AppliCatiONS … covuieririiiiienieiie et Building Integrated Opaque Photovoltaic Systems (BiIOPV) … c.ocee … ccivassssissanssmsasnosssnssssnissmessssnsnstetsnmasssrasmssbms TACAUIE o onnviniisios sonmannsibiniodsresssmassitansusseiiwinsassainasissHubar Thermal Modeling … ccveeeviiiiiiiiiiiiceiieeeeee e … Performance Evaluation of the Proposed Systems … cccccovveviiviiiiiriiininenn, … For BiSPVT System (Case @) … ccccovueevimriieiiiinnieiieessveeeveeenens241 … For BiSPVT System with Water Flow (Case b) … ccccceevevviiennnenne, … For BiSPVT System with Heat Capacity (Case €) … cccvvvverveennee. … For BiSPVT System with Heat Capacity and Water FIOW (Case d) … ccceeviiiiiiiiiiieeiiiiiieee e BiSPVT System Heat Capacity with Movable Insulation … and South-Facing Window (Case €) … ccoovceviviiiiniiieiiiieeeniiesieeens … Contents Xiv … Input Variables of BiSPVT System: Case Studies … ccocevviiiiiiinniiiinns … Number of Air Changes … ccccoevivviriiiiiiiiiinienieiee, … 8102 Velocity Of 1he SYSIEME … mrossomsmsmsmessukssssmesinthessnsinssunesssgess248 … Relative HUMIAItY … ovovvvveeiiiiiiiiniceieec … B. … PACKING DACHOE … oourorrresmossumszsusbssnsiionsssspiississisnsn Transmissivity Of Glass … cccceeeveviiiriieiiniiiiiiiiii e, … Bl6 VLSS Of WAL … virevisssisansisssssdossssissnssunsssmmniass4osssaea … 8LT Mass FIoW RALE … misinmsonsinssersmnsssnssennsnsnsssimmsesinsbinsssicietbesssnss BiSPVT System Based on the PV Cell Type … ccoccoviniiiiiiiiin … B11.l L HOTAUES STUMY .ciseissscunsnsnonicepuvssnnssiorsssisanssasesnhoissixntssssmisasnmnsconsmrse … Performance of BiSPVT System Based on PV Types: A CaSE StUAY c … evveeiirie et … ObJeCtiVe QUESHIONS … eeeiieeiiieeiteeireeteestteetebe DTS WIDLS . oo s ssmnsiomsrintine st i Rt S S8 i oo s N SR o B e … IRETETEICES + veresssvuresnonnunnmsnsssssinssnssuinisnnbnbessnssnesssinnanasasssssytosssonsansssssssnasndssasnssssussennd25 Chapter … Environmental ASPECLS … covuiiriieiiiiiiieiieinieeiest259 Dl … IOEOAUOIDNE .o snenisesnmans shssnnsunmunessnssysslihuissniusonsmpsssinss sskssiossisssrssicnnsiuusssansionssies … Life Cycle ASSESSIMENT … uviiiiiiiiiiiieeriiie ettt … snae s … Basic Definitions of Life Cycle ASSESSMENt … c.ceevvveevveereeeeninennnn. … The Main Stages of Life Cycle Assessment … coccveveviveerennieeennnne. … Embodied ENEIQY … ccccoceinirrrniirnrirriierirtenrneneresseessseesesesssenseesessensseseessneeses … Embodied Energy of Different MaterialS … cooouvrevviveennneeennnenn. … Embodied Energy of Different Construction Materials … Embodied Energy of PV Module … ccoevviiviiiniiiiniiencenecee … Energy for Non-Silicon PV Modules … c.ccecvvrrrrennen. … Embodied Energy in Floor/Roofing Systems … ccccvevvveenivennenne. … Embodied Energy in Transportation of Building Materials … Energy for Balance of System (BOS) … cccevrurreirnennen. … Embodied Energy and Annual Output of Renewable Energy Technologies … ccovvveriiiniiiiiiiiieceeeee267 … Guidelines for Reducing Embodied Energy … cccocevviiviieiiiencns … Modeling of Embodied Energy for BIPVT Systems … cccccovveveienienniennenns … Masonry Building … ccocceeviiiviiiiiiiniieieciececee268 Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) System … cccceevvveeiiiieiieeeceeeeee, … Balance of System (BOS) … cocceiviuiiiiciieieieecee e … Embodiet Carbi … i issisinssmmsseromnomstimiymitamtomiismmnmsvpmsssbesesss … Example of Estimation of Embodied Carbon Dioxide FOr CONCTEL … ttt et … Carbon Dioxide EMISSIONS … cccuerrviiriiiiiiiriiieieeeiieeseeeisesveesnresaveeeaeeeens271 Earned Carbon Credits and Carbon Dioxide Mitigation … ccc.cevveeennens … FOrmuUIAtiON … cccovuiiiriuiiiiiiirettt Case Study with the BIPVT System … cccocooviiiiniiiiiiiiiie … Kyoto Protocol and the United Nations Framework Convention OD CIINATE CRANBE … s s ssnsvns shtisnnrsossineiniesissunsbusiisemiisssitsommorenssaren The Protocol and the Green Growth … c.cccocceevvivinniienieiieniienns … Carbon Dioxide Mitigation with Use of Photovoltaics … cc.ccceveeeveennnnnnn … (IDJECTIVE CTIUBEUDIS 5ot ssasumsceiss sensnn bissaiens ssmsaigein i s sesi bes s ies Vo ek osisamslSatns … IXTIENVICES i nannmeremmssmns s e st o i s b i SR P s oS sl i o B dmme SES sg oe … RIEIICES«veveeeeeeeeeeteeteeeeeeeeeeeasanseesassssssassasaseeeesanesensnnaeasesnnaasessnnaseeesnnnassesnnaes280 Contents XV Chapter … Life Cycle ANaALySiS … ccooueoiiiiiiiriiiineciie et … PO INEEOUNCIION: ovyasrionsisnsvssmuimnons sumunnimbinionsivhs smpiisniainus baich s ssiedsiiuehiebombaptanhpsvisasslins283 … COSEANALYSIS .eeirurieiieriiieeiieeiteetettteeeaeeesraees … Capital Recovery Factor … coccovivieiiniiiiiiiiicccciceeceeee … Cash FIOW DIagram … ccvvvvvvireerieciiieeieeciieeeieeeesteet284 … Uniform Annual COSt … eeveiiriiiirieiiieieeieeereet297 Sinking Fund Factor … c.cccciiiiiiiiiieiecieceec e … Linear Gradient Series Present Value Factor … c.ccocevveveninnenn … Gradient to Equal Payment Series Conversion Factor … Linear Gradient Series Future Value Factor … cocccoovevveviiiinene … CapitaliZ€d COSL … cueivuriiiiriiiiiieeteee ettt … Net Present Value (NPV) … Cost Comparisons with Equal DUration … c.ccoeveveenieneniciienienieeeeees … Limitations of the NPV Method … ccccooeviininiiiiiiiniiiiciie, … Single Present Value Method (Method I) … ccccooviiviiiiiniciiininne, … Cost Comparisons with Unequal Duration … cccceveerienienicnienieniieeeee … Annual Cost Method (Method IT) … cccceeovvviieeiiiiiiiiccieeceece, … Capitalized Cost Method (Method IIT) … ccceevveeiiieniieiiieee, … MethOd IV .ottt … Payback TIme … cooviiiiiiiiiiiiiiicet316 … Analytical Expression for Payback Time … ccccoccevviiniiincennnnene, … Payback Period without Interest … c.coceveriiniininiiinincnincene … Payback Period with INterest … ccceeeveevvierniennieiieceniee318 Benefit—CoSt ANALYSIS … uveeirviiiiiieieiiieeeteeettt … Types of Benefit—Cost ANalysis … ccceeveerieniinieniiiniinieneeeieeneenn, … Aggregate B/C Ratio … ccovvveeiiiiiieiiiiiecieecciiee e, … Net B/C RatiO … cc.ccoiiiineiiiniiiieicieeseeeseeeceeees322 … Advantages and Disadvantages of B/C Ratio … cccoceeveeviiuinnnnn, … 101G Internal RAte OF RETII .vcumivivsaasssorsssumsssamnnerssatnsssirsgmsensssessmsssinssinssess32 … Tterative Method to Compute IRR … ccccooiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiie, … Multiple Values of IRR … ccceviiiiiiiiiiiciiiiicicieccec, … Eftect OF DEPICCIAION wiussssirssisnsssihinsnesiobunssusilisnsmmissnssohniiainsnmasuniosaisassodinisis332 … Expression 10f BOOK ValUe … iiieniiisniissisiupensiissasrsesonsninsssain … Straight-Line Depreciation … ooceevuiiviiiiiiiniiiiiiiieeeicccieeneens … Sinking Fund Depreciation … ccccevcvieviiiiiiinniiinniiniieneieeieee335 … Accelerated Depreciation … cceoveevveerireneeeniieenneeesireenieesneenneenns330 … Cost Comparison after TaXeS … ccccevrrerrieeriiiiiieiieiiie e … Without Depreciation … c.eeeveveeeieeeiniiieensiiieenneeesieeesseeeesnneeeenes338 … With Depreciation … cooevcveriiriineciiinieniniieiee339 … Estimating Costof & PTOJOOL. uerivsisiusisrmcismmminbiossernsonmiss sssabssndsssasinnsssssshasss … 10131 CADIEAL T OBE . rnensinsiunsnysssinsssssinsstebuciistnsksissitinssnissshsessassanss … Variable CoSt … ueiviiriierrinrecieeecniteet342 … Step-Variable COSt … coiviiririiiiieiiiiniiie342 … A Case Study of Building Integrated Photovoltaic Thetmal (BIPV'T) SYSICTNS isuvesvumessivencrssivessssiiammsshsistisnssisnnssiasssessnnssnsmstons … CoSt EStMALION … eeuveriieireeiieiiiciineeieeieeeettt343 … Modeling of Annualized Uniform Cost … cccoeeviiiiiiiniiinnniinennen, … L0143 NICHNOBOIGTY s everosomunnsis sistins esieassossiswishshiesisn misbseiesssamtsnsngungssnisnsdss … ReSults and DISCUSSIONS .uueeereeeeeemieeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeesseeressenreesaesseseees … XVi Contents ODBJECHIVE QUESTIONS … c.vievieetierieie ettt ste sttt eaest etestaeseessaesnesressaesaeeaas … PATISVVIOTS: ov o i smssewiunsipsic s ki tebta o o PrODIEINIS. c … eeiiiieciiiee om i em b i Bl ee IREECTOICES unicnesuenmesiosnin g o sibai s s o msns s s B esiess weoiese il i e et s et ettt e it vy e R g S … ee … Chapter … Photovoltaic Application in ArChiteCtUIe … c.cvvvrveeeeiiriieeeee e, … TNETOAUCHION vttt ettteteetbeee Implementation of PV Systems around the World … c.cccoociiiiinannnn, … L2 TG o oriiscnontanintuesnsmsonisiosaiisnme … United States of AMETICA … ccvverrvirriierieeieeiierieese e, … JAPAN.c.eeioiiiecet ee … B2 CGRIANT 1orviomisineimssssonpisngsssisnsissiogaso … eusesscesibininisissmisniontonnsmesimmenevanesspiniies L2060 DB ixnreiibmsmennicntams s smswsonrsnes anssnnss susigbssnsiossidsusimssisnmsspsninensw Case Study: BiSPVT System Installed at Sodha Bers Complex, Varanasi, INAIA … cooovuvivieiieeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee … Introduction and Planning … c.ccecvvvevieiiiiiiice, … Basement … coooeeiiiiiiiiiiiiieic e … Ground FlOOT … cccecvuieiiiiieieeieecreeee e … First and Second FIOOT … cccccoeeeiiiiiiiiiiiiniiee, … Terrace Floor Integrated with Semi-Transparent … Photovoltaic (SPV) System … ccccocevveiiiiieiiiieiiece, … ZEOMES «ociiesiiiemmriniinmmmnivomsasasinsssnsnmmmnsieinatSesusngssns Construction Details and Materials Used … cccccevvvvvviinreennnnn, … Thermal Heat GainsS … ccoevieriiiiieriieiieieecieeeeeciee37 Blectrical POWET (B,)isinmmemsinmpmensecsnsiccisssssuisetttiises Daylight Energy Savings … ccoccveveevieniieviiecieeieecee e, … Total ENErgy SAVINZS … cccovveiririiiiiiiecie ettt Embodied ENEIZY … ccoiiviiiiiiiiiiiie et … Energy Payback Time (EPBT) … c.ocoovviviiiiiieieee e, … Energy Production Factor (EPF) … ccccoviiiiiiiiiiiciice e, … Life Cycle Conversion Efficiency … cccccecconiiviiniiiiecirieeeeieene, … Carbon Dioxide Emission … ccccooeviiviineiiiiiieececeece, … Net Carbon Dioxide Mitigation … cceveeeeiieiiiiiiieeiieeceeeeeeeeene … Earned Carbon Credits … cceeviiiiiiiiiiiiiiiieecie e … ObJECtIVE QUESHIONS … uviieeeiieeeeiree ettteteeaaeee PXTISWICTS « e insvsmmminsisnirbnsvodu venuebsnsios s mases S o Seni sk wona e isnsnspensm sses iy edanihnsinynsnensibunss … ottt et et e st e e e e e e as e e e eeeneees … BAPPCIIAIR X … ooeomivoaiioiiosiossanemstinssssmesnsssisiosssiatsfusasayso APPRIAIR B … iviiicniveinarmnmsomss s sosvinsessinssbussmsnin essigs sk SeaiN o APPENdIxX C … o o33 st … imsmaninisi onotsi s e ssais S esalich s asg spss sns o cusiebeininntbsaoneniennsanss s eansstusi … s imnsssmosimiasssssoinn b et amesssishatsis st botas irisakhie s somesamysatosiisasowsbiainntoss … APPEndix F … o APPENIX G wasigh et APPERUIX I … oo ivivisnaionpii sopminsipsn s APPERUIX Fo oo o4 is s Soe Ao … et … |
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