From Glycerol to Value-Added Products
In a context where the role of biofuels will continue to grow, it is necessary to take into account the current state of their various manufacturing processes and to anticipate the expansion of the market. Thus, current biodiesel production processes generate a significant amount of glycerol as a by...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Autor*in: |
Cognet, Patrick [herausgeberIn] Kheireddine Aroua, Mohamed [herausgeberIn] |
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Format: |
E-Book |
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Sprache: |
Englisch |
Erschienen: |
Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar: Frontiers Media SA ; 2020 |
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Rechteinformationen: |
Open Access Creative Commons ; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
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Schlagwörter: |
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Umfang: |
1 Online-Ressource (171 p.) |
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Links: | |
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ISBN: |
978-2-88963-577-1 |
Katalog-ID: |
1794581200 |
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520 | |a In a context where the role of biofuels will continue to grow, it is necessary to take into account the current state of their various manufacturing processes and to anticipate the expansion of the market. Thus, current biodiesel production processes generate a significant amount of glycerol as a by-product (about 100 kg per ton of processed vegetable oil). An explosion of the biodiesel market must integrate the valorization of glycerol whose current market of distribution (cosmetics, drugs, polymers, etc.) is not guaranteed such an expansion. This valuation will contribute effectively to the profitability and sustainability of the processes from which it derives. Glycerol physicochemical and toxicological properties give it the potential to be used as solvent, biolubricant, dispersant, and surfactant, among others. It is also widely used in the food industry as a preservative and sweetener. Beyond these applications, glycerol can also be used as a raw material for a wide range of chemicals. Glycerol is a highly functionalized molecule with specific physico-chemical properties, which can be used in different reactions as a reactant or a building block. For example, glycerol can be used as a starting material for antibiotic production, biosurfactants, organic acid production (lactic, propionic, succinic, citric acid, glyoxylic acid, glyoxalic acid, amino acids, etc.), alcohols (propanediols), glycerol esters, acrolein production, etc. These products can be obtained either through chemical reactions such as acetalization, dehydration, glycerolysis, esterification, etherification, aqueous phase reforming, oxidation, carboxylation, electrochemical routes, or through enzymatic reactions. However, it must be kept in mind that the development of industrial processes relies on the use of crude glycerol from biodiesel production. For that purpose, robust processes involving impurities-insensitive catalysts or pre-purification have to be developed. Finally, the separation of the chemical products obtained after glycerol conversion is also a key step toward the development of viable glycerol-based processes | ||
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9782889635771 978-2-88963-577-1 20.500.12854/73729 hdl (DE-627)1794581200 (DE-599)KEP076827070 (OCoLC)1302645013 (DOAB)73729 (EBP)076827070 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng PD bicssc Cognet, Patrick herausgeberin edt From Glycerol to Value-Added Products [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] Frontiers Media SA 2020 1 Online-Ressource (171 p.) Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Open Access Unrestricted online access star In a context where the role of biofuels will continue to grow, it is necessary to take into account the current state of their various manufacturing processes and to anticipate the expansion of the market. Thus, current biodiesel production processes generate a significant amount of glycerol as a by-product (about 100 kg per ton of processed vegetable oil). An explosion of the biodiesel market must integrate the valorization of glycerol whose current market of distribution (cosmetics, drugs, polymers, etc.) is not guaranteed such an expansion. This valuation will contribute effectively to the profitability and sustainability of the processes from which it derives. Glycerol physicochemical and toxicological properties give it the potential to be used as solvent, biolubricant, dispersant, and surfactant, among others. It is also widely used in the food industry as a preservative and sweetener. Beyond these applications, glycerol can also be used as a raw material for a wide range of chemicals. Glycerol is a highly functionalized molecule with specific physico-chemical properties, which can be used in different reactions as a reactant or a building block. For example, glycerol can be used as a starting material for antibiotic production, biosurfactants, organic acid production (lactic, propionic, succinic, citric acid, glyoxylic acid, glyoxalic acid, amino acids, etc.), alcohols (propanediols), glycerol esters, acrolein production, etc. These products can be obtained either through chemical reactions such as acetalization, dehydration, glycerolysis, esterification, etherification, aqueous phase reforming, oxidation, carboxylation, electrochemical routes, or through enzymatic reactions. However, it must be kept in mind that the development of industrial processes relies on the use of crude glycerol from biodiesel production. For that purpose, robust processes involving impurities-insensitive catalysts or pre-purification have to be developed. Finally, the separation of the chemical products obtained after glycerol conversion is also a key step toward the development of viable glycerol-based processes Creative Commons https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 cc English Science: general issues Kheireddine Aroua, Mohamed herausgeberin edt https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 X:DOAB Verlag kostenfrei ZDB-94-OAB GBV_ILN_11 ISIL_DE-1a SYSFLAG_1 GBV_KXP SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 ISIL_DE-84 GBV_ILN_22 ISIL_DE-18 GBV_ILN_23 ISIL_DE-830 GBV_ILN_24 ISIL_DE-8 GBV_ILN_30 ISIL_DE-104 GBV_ILN_31 ISIL_DE-27 GBV_ILN_39 ISIL_DE-547 GBV_ILN_40 ISIL_DE-7 GBV_ILN_60 ISIL_DE-705 GBV_ILN_63 ISIL_DE-Wim2 GBV_ILN_65 ISIL_DE-3 GBV_ILN_70 ISIL_DE-89 GBV_ILN_72 ISIL_DE-35 GBV_ILN_90 ISIL_DE-Hil2 GBV_ILN_91 ISIL_DE-HIL3 GBV_ILN_92 ISIL_DE-33 GBV_ILN_95 ISIL_DE-542 GBV_ILN_105 ISIL_DE-841 GBV_ILN_110 ISIL_DE-Luen4 GBV_ILN_120 ISIL_DE-715 GBV_ILN_130 ISIL_DE-700 GBV_ILN_131 ISIL_DE-Va1 GBV_ILN_132 ISIL_DE-959 GBV_ILN_136 ISIL_DE-Wis1 GBV_ILN_147 ISIL_DE-Fl3 GBV_ILN_161 ISIL_DE-960 GBV_ILN_213 ISIL_DE-551 GBV_ILN_230 ISIL_DE-552 GBV_ILN_283 ISIL_DE-Ha163 GBV_ILN_285 ISIL_DE-517 GBV_ILN_293 ISIL_DE-960-3 GBV_ILN_370 ISIL_DE-1373 GBV_ILN_635 ISIL_DE-B2138 GBV_ILN_808 GBV_ILN_2011 ISIL_DE-16 GBV_ILN_2014 ISIL_DE-90 GBV_ILN_2018 ISIL_DE-31 GBV_ILN_2034 ISIL_DE-Rt2 GBV_ILN_2037 ISIL_DE-747 GBV_ILN_2050 ISIL_DE-Zi4 GBV_ILN_2108 ISIL_DE-991 GBV_ILN_2403 ISIL_DE-LFER BO 11 01 0001 4104874655 00 5:LIZFREI --%%-- --%%-- --%%-- k 28-03-22 20 01 0084 4081665729 OLR-DOAB z 07-03-22 22 01 0018 4081252084 OLR-ZDB-94-OAB DOAB Directory of Open Access Books zu 07-03-22 23 01 0830 4081516367 olr-doab f z 07-03-22 24 01 0008 4104941549 OLR-doab z 29-03-22 30 01 0104 410368349X OLR-OAB Open Access, Directory of Open Access Books (DOAB) z 27-03-22 31 01 0027 4081314799 OLR-DOAB z 07-03-22 39 01 0547 4107507785 OLR-ZDB-94-OAB ke 30-03-22 40 01 0007 4081166366 OLR-DOAB xsn 07-03-22 60 01 0705 4276315549 OPENAccess Vervielfältigungen (z.B. Kopien, Downloads) sind nur von einzelnen Kapiteln oder Seiten und nur zum eigenen wissenschaftlichen Gebrauch erlaubt. Keine Weitergabe an Dritte. Kein systematisches Downloaden durch Robots. Nur für Angehörige der HSU: Volltextzugang von außerhalb des Campus mit Anmeldung über Shibboleth mit Ihrer Bibliothekskennung z 24-02-23 63 01 3401 4106726513 E-Books LF GBV-DOAB z 30-03-22 65 01 0003 4111107311 OLR-DOAB Nach dem deutschen Urheberrecht darf das Werk bzw. der Inhalt zum eigenen Gebrauch kostenfrei heruntergeladen, konsumiert, gespeichert oder ausgedruckt, nicht jedoch im Internet bereitgestellt oder an Außenstehende weitergegeben werden! z 02-04-22 70 01 0089 4081377103 OLR-DOAB-OA DOAB Directory of Open Access Books z 07-03-22 72 01 0035 4105818783 OLR-ZDB-94-OAB DOAB Directory of Open Access Books z 29-03-22 90 01 3090 4107797015 OLR-HILoapen z 30-03-22 91 01 3091 4081037574 OLR-DOAB DOAB Directory of Open Access Books z 07-03-22 92 01 0033 4109150329 OLR-Open Access DOAB Vervielfältigungen (z.B. Kopien, Downloads) sind nur von einzelnen Kapiteln oder Seiten und nur zum eigenen wissenschaftlichen Gebrauch erlaubt. 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9782889635771 978-2-88963-577-1 20.500.12854/73729 hdl (DE-627)1794581200 (DE-599)KEP076827070 (OCoLC)1302645013 (DOAB)73729 (EBP)076827070 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng PD bicssc Cognet, Patrick herausgeberin edt From Glycerol to Value-Added Products [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] Frontiers Media SA 2020 1 Online-Ressource (171 p.) Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Open Access Unrestricted online access star In a context where the role of biofuels will continue to grow, it is necessary to take into account the current state of their various manufacturing processes and to anticipate the expansion of the market. Thus, current biodiesel production processes generate a significant amount of glycerol as a by-product (about 100 kg per ton of processed vegetable oil). An explosion of the biodiesel market must integrate the valorization of glycerol whose current market of distribution (cosmetics, drugs, polymers, etc.) is not guaranteed such an expansion. This valuation will contribute effectively to the profitability and sustainability of the processes from which it derives. Glycerol physicochemical and toxicological properties give it the potential to be used as solvent, biolubricant, dispersant, and surfactant, among others. It is also widely used in the food industry as a preservative and sweetener. Beyond these applications, glycerol can also be used as a raw material for a wide range of chemicals. Glycerol is a highly functionalized molecule with specific physico-chemical properties, which can be used in different reactions as a reactant or a building block. For example, glycerol can be used as a starting material for antibiotic production, biosurfactants, organic acid production (lactic, propionic, succinic, citric acid, glyoxylic acid, glyoxalic acid, amino acids, etc.), alcohols (propanediols), glycerol esters, acrolein production, etc. These products can be obtained either through chemical reactions such as acetalization, dehydration, glycerolysis, esterification, etherification, aqueous phase reforming, oxidation, carboxylation, electrochemical routes, or through enzymatic reactions. However, it must be kept in mind that the development of industrial processes relies on the use of crude glycerol from biodiesel production. For that purpose, robust processes involving impurities-insensitive catalysts or pre-purification have to be developed. Finally, the separation of the chemical products obtained after glycerol conversion is also a key step toward the development of viable glycerol-based processes Creative Commons https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 cc English Science: general issues Kheireddine Aroua, Mohamed herausgeberin edt https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 X:DOAB Verlag kostenfrei ZDB-94-OAB GBV_ILN_11 ISIL_DE-1a SYSFLAG_1 GBV_KXP SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 ISIL_DE-84 GBV_ILN_22 ISIL_DE-18 GBV_ILN_23 ISIL_DE-830 GBV_ILN_24 ISIL_DE-8 GBV_ILN_30 ISIL_DE-104 GBV_ILN_31 ISIL_DE-27 GBV_ILN_39 ISIL_DE-547 GBV_ILN_40 ISIL_DE-7 GBV_ILN_60 ISIL_DE-705 GBV_ILN_63 ISIL_DE-Wim2 GBV_ILN_65 ISIL_DE-3 GBV_ILN_70 ISIL_DE-89 GBV_ILN_72 ISIL_DE-35 GBV_ILN_90 ISIL_DE-Hil2 GBV_ILN_91 ISIL_DE-HIL3 GBV_ILN_92 ISIL_DE-33 GBV_ILN_95 ISIL_DE-542 GBV_ILN_105 ISIL_DE-841 GBV_ILN_110 ISIL_DE-Luen4 GBV_ILN_120 ISIL_DE-715 GBV_ILN_130 ISIL_DE-700 GBV_ILN_131 ISIL_DE-Va1 GBV_ILN_132 ISIL_DE-959 GBV_ILN_136 ISIL_DE-Wis1 GBV_ILN_147 ISIL_DE-Fl3 GBV_ILN_161 ISIL_DE-960 GBV_ILN_213 ISIL_DE-551 GBV_ILN_230 ISIL_DE-552 GBV_ILN_283 ISIL_DE-Ha163 GBV_ILN_285 ISIL_DE-517 GBV_ILN_293 ISIL_DE-960-3 GBV_ILN_370 ISIL_DE-1373 GBV_ILN_635 ISIL_DE-B2138 GBV_ILN_808 GBV_ILN_2011 ISIL_DE-16 GBV_ILN_2014 ISIL_DE-90 GBV_ILN_2018 ISIL_DE-31 GBV_ILN_2034 ISIL_DE-Rt2 GBV_ILN_2037 ISIL_DE-747 GBV_ILN_2050 ISIL_DE-Zi4 GBV_ILN_2108 ISIL_DE-991 GBV_ILN_2403 ISIL_DE-LFER BO 11 01 0001 4104874655 00 5:LIZFREI --%%-- --%%-- --%%-- k 28-03-22 20 01 0084 4081665729 OLR-DOAB z 07-03-22 22 01 0018 4081252084 OLR-ZDB-94-OAB DOAB Directory of Open Access Books zu 07-03-22 23 01 0830 4081516367 olr-doab f z 07-03-22 24 01 0008 4104941549 OLR-doab z 29-03-22 30 01 0104 410368349X OLR-OAB Open Access, Directory of Open Access Books (DOAB) z 27-03-22 31 01 0027 4081314799 OLR-DOAB z 07-03-22 39 01 0547 4107507785 OLR-ZDB-94-OAB ke 30-03-22 40 01 0007 4081166366 OLR-DOAB xsn 07-03-22 60 01 0705 4276315549 OPENAccess Vervielfältigungen (z.B. Kopien, Downloads) sind nur von einzelnen Kapiteln oder Seiten und nur zum eigenen wissenschaftlichen Gebrauch erlaubt. Keine Weitergabe an Dritte. Kein systematisches Downloaden durch Robots. Nur für Angehörige der HSU: Volltextzugang von außerhalb des Campus mit Anmeldung über Shibboleth mit Ihrer Bibliothekskennung z 24-02-23 63 01 3401 4106726513 E-Books LF GBV-DOAB z 30-03-22 65 01 0003 4111107311 OLR-DOAB Nach dem deutschen Urheberrecht darf das Werk bzw. der Inhalt zum eigenen Gebrauch kostenfrei heruntergeladen, konsumiert, gespeichert oder ausgedruckt, nicht jedoch im Internet bereitgestellt oder an Außenstehende weitergegeben werden! z 02-04-22 70 01 0089 4081377103 OLR-DOAB-OA DOAB Directory of Open Access Books z 07-03-22 72 01 0035 4105818783 OLR-ZDB-94-OAB DOAB Directory of Open Access Books z 29-03-22 90 01 3090 4107797015 OLR-HILoapen z 30-03-22 91 01 3091 4081037574 OLR-DOAB DOAB Directory of Open Access Books z 07-03-22 92 01 0033 4109150329 OLR-Open Access DOAB Vervielfältigungen (z.B. Kopien, Downloads) sind nur von einzelnen Kapiteln oder Seiten und nur zum eigenen wissenschaftlichen Gebrauch erlaubt. Die Weitergabe an Dritte sowie systematisches Downloaden sind untersagt. Das Ebook ist frei zugänglich. z 01-04-22 95 01 3095 4342580934 OLR-OAB Vervielfältigungen (z.B. Kopien, Downloads) sind nur von einzelnen Kapiteln oder Seiten und nur zum eigenen wissenschaftlichen Gebrauch erlaubt. Die Weitergabe an Dritte sowie systematisches Downloaden sind untersagt. z 23-06-23 105 01 0841 4082010009 OLR-OAB Vervielfältigungen (z.B. Kopien, Downloads) sind nur von einzelnen Kapiteln oder Seiten und nur zum eigenen wissenschaftlichen Gebrauch erlaubt. Die Weitergabe an Dritte sowie systematisches Downloaden sind untersagt. z 08-03-22 110 01 3110 408183475X OLR-DOAB Vervielfältigungen (z.B. Kopien, Downloads) sind nur von einzelnen Kapiteln oder Seiten und nur zum eigenen wissenschaftlichen Gebrauch erlaubt. Die Weitergabe an Dritte sowie systematisches Downloaden sind untersagt. 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Die Weitergabe an Dritte sowie systematisches Downloaden sind untersagt. z 02-05-22 161 01 0960 4152024100 OLR-DOAB DOAB Directory of Open Access Books z 17-06-22 213 01 0551 4110277043 OLR-DOAB DOAB Directory of Open Access Books z 01-04-22 230 01 0552 4127570571 OLR-DOAB DOAB Directory of Open Access Books z 01-05-22 283 01 3283 4157887409 Vervielfältigungen (z.B. Kopien, Downloads) sind nur von einzelnen Kapiteln oder Seiten und nur zum eigenen wissenschaftlichen Gebrauch erlaubt. Die Weitergabe an Dritte sowie systematisches Downloaden sind untersagt. z 28-06-22 285 01 0517 4123845754 OLR-DOAB z 27-04-22 293 01 3293 4154523643 OLR-DOAB DOAB Directory of Open Access Books z 22-06-22 370 01 4370 4126638768 OLR-FREE Kostenloser Zugriff z 29-04-22 635 01 3635 4510308876 OLR-DOAB Open Access. Vervielfältigungen (z.B. Kopien, Downloads) sind nur von einzelnen Kapiteln oder Seiten und nur zum eigenen wissenschaftlichen Gebrauch erlaubt. Die Weitergabe an Dritte sowie systematisches Downloaden sind untersagt. z 11-04-24 808 01 4808 4159031919 OLR-DOAB DOAB Directory of Open Access Books zg 30-06-22 2011 01 DE-16 4078673457 00 --%%-- --%%-- --%%-- --%%-- l01 04-03-22 2014 01 DE-90 4078908446 00 --%%-- --%%-- --%%-- --%%-- l01 04-03-22 2018 01 DE-31 4078673465 00 --%%-- --%%-- --%%-- n Der Zugriff ist kostenfrei möglich. l01 04-03-22 2034 01 DE-Rt2 4078673473 00 --%%-- eBook n n frei zugänglich l01 04-03-22 2037 01 DE-747 4344821777 00 --%%-- eBook OAPEN Foundation OpenAccess --%%-- n Im Internet frei verfügbar l01 29-06-23 2050 01 DE-Zi4 4078908454 00 --%%-- --%%-- --%%-- n Elektronischer Volltext - Open Access l01 04-03-22 2108 01 DE-991 4078673481 00 --%%-- eBook DOAB --%%-- n Elektronischer Volltext - Campuslizenz l01 04-03-22 2403 01 DE-LFER 4078908462 00 --%%-- --%%-- n --%%-- l01 04-03-22 20 01 0084 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 22 01 0018 Volltextzugang https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 23 01 0830 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 24 01 0008 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 30 01 0104 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 31 01 0027 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 40 01 0007 Volltext, Open Access https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 60 01 0705 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 63 01 3401 E-Book https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 65 01 0003 Open Access https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 65 01 0003 Dieser Titel ist Teil einer Datenbank http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/dbinfo/detail.php?titel_id=11367&bib_id=ulb_hal 70 01 0089 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 72 01 0035 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 90 01 3090 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 91 01 3091 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 92 01 0033 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 95 01 3095 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 105 01 0841 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 110 01 3110 Open Access https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 120 01 0715 http://49gbv-uob-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/openurl/49GBV_UOB/UOB_services_page?u.ignore_date_coverage=true&rft.mms_id=991015676860003501 130 01 0700 Open Access https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 131 01 3131 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 132 01 0959 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 136 01 3526 Open Access https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 147 01 3528 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 161 01 0960 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 LF 213 01 0551 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 230 01 0552 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 283 01 3283 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 285 01 0517 Open Access https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 293 01 3293 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 LF 370 01 4370 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 635 01 3635 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 808 01 4808 Volltextzugang https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 2011 01 DE-16 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 2014 01 DE-90 Volltext frei verfügbar https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 2034 01 DE-Rt2 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 2037 01 DE-747 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 2050 01 DE-Zi4 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 2108 01 DE-991 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 2403 01 DE-LFER https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 31 01 0027 00 E-Book Open Access 132 01 0959 00 EBooks DOAB Open Access 20 01 0084 OLR-DOAB 22 01 0018 OLR-ZDB-94-OAB 23 01 0830 olr-doab 24 01 0008 OLR-doab 24 01 0008 olr-frei 30 01 0104 OLR-OAB 31 01 0027 OLR-DOAB 39 01 0547 OLR-ZDB-94-OAB 39 01 0547 LF 40 01 0007 OLR-DOAB 60 01 0705 OPENAccess 63 01 3401 E-Books LF GBV-DOAB 65 01 0003 OLR-DOAB 70 01 0089 OLR-DOAB-OA 72 01 0035 OLR-ZDB-94-OAB 90 01 3090 OLR-HILoapen 91 01 3091 OLR-DOAB 92 01 0033 OLR-Open Access DOAB 95 01 3095 OLR-OAB 105 01 0841 OLR-OAB 110 01 3110 OLR-DOAB 120 01 0715 alma 130 01 0700 OLR-DOAB 131 01 3131 OLR-OA-DOAB 132 01 0959 OLR-OAB 136 01 3526 OLR-DOAB 147 01 3528 OLR-DOAB 161 01 0960 OLR-DOAB 213 01 0551 OLR-DOAB 230 01 0552 OLR-DOAB 285 01 0517 OLR-DOAB 293 01 3293 OLR-DOAB 370 01 4370 OLR-FREE 370 01 4370 olr-ebook ZDB-94-OAB 635 01 3635 OLR-DOAB 808 01 4808 OLR-DOAB |
allfields_unstemmed |
9782889635771 978-2-88963-577-1 20.500.12854/73729 hdl (DE-627)1794581200 (DE-599)KEP076827070 (OCoLC)1302645013 (DOAB)73729 (EBP)076827070 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng PD bicssc Cognet, Patrick herausgeberin edt From Glycerol to Value-Added Products [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] Frontiers Media SA 2020 1 Online-Ressource (171 p.) Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Open Access Unrestricted online access star In a context where the role of biofuels will continue to grow, it is necessary to take into account the current state of their various manufacturing processes and to anticipate the expansion of the market. Thus, current biodiesel production processes generate a significant amount of glycerol as a by-product (about 100 kg per ton of processed vegetable oil). An explosion of the biodiesel market must integrate the valorization of glycerol whose current market of distribution (cosmetics, drugs, polymers, etc.) is not guaranteed such an expansion. This valuation will contribute effectively to the profitability and sustainability of the processes from which it derives. Glycerol physicochemical and toxicological properties give it the potential to be used as solvent, biolubricant, dispersant, and surfactant, among others. It is also widely used in the food industry as a preservative and sweetener. Beyond these applications, glycerol can also be used as a raw material for a wide range of chemicals. Glycerol is a highly functionalized molecule with specific physico-chemical properties, which can be used in different reactions as a reactant or a building block. For example, glycerol can be used as a starting material for antibiotic production, biosurfactants, organic acid production (lactic, propionic, succinic, citric acid, glyoxylic acid, glyoxalic acid, amino acids, etc.), alcohols (propanediols), glycerol esters, acrolein production, etc. These products can be obtained either through chemical reactions such as acetalization, dehydration, glycerolysis, esterification, etherification, aqueous phase reforming, oxidation, carboxylation, electrochemical routes, or through enzymatic reactions. However, it must be kept in mind that the development of industrial processes relies on the use of crude glycerol from biodiesel production. For that purpose, robust processes involving impurities-insensitive catalysts or pre-purification have to be developed. Finally, the separation of the chemical products obtained after glycerol conversion is also a key step toward the development of viable glycerol-based processes Creative Commons https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 cc English Science: general issues Kheireddine Aroua, Mohamed herausgeberin edt https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 X:DOAB Verlag kostenfrei ZDB-94-OAB GBV_ILN_11 ISIL_DE-1a SYSFLAG_1 GBV_KXP SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 ISIL_DE-84 GBV_ILN_22 ISIL_DE-18 GBV_ILN_23 ISIL_DE-830 GBV_ILN_24 ISIL_DE-8 GBV_ILN_30 ISIL_DE-104 GBV_ILN_31 ISIL_DE-27 GBV_ILN_39 ISIL_DE-547 GBV_ILN_40 ISIL_DE-7 GBV_ILN_60 ISIL_DE-705 GBV_ILN_63 ISIL_DE-Wim2 GBV_ILN_65 ISIL_DE-3 GBV_ILN_70 ISIL_DE-89 GBV_ILN_72 ISIL_DE-35 GBV_ILN_90 ISIL_DE-Hil2 GBV_ILN_91 ISIL_DE-HIL3 GBV_ILN_92 ISIL_DE-33 GBV_ILN_95 ISIL_DE-542 GBV_ILN_105 ISIL_DE-841 GBV_ILN_110 ISIL_DE-Luen4 GBV_ILN_120 ISIL_DE-715 GBV_ILN_130 ISIL_DE-700 GBV_ILN_131 ISIL_DE-Va1 GBV_ILN_132 ISIL_DE-959 GBV_ILN_136 ISIL_DE-Wis1 GBV_ILN_147 ISIL_DE-Fl3 GBV_ILN_161 ISIL_DE-960 GBV_ILN_213 ISIL_DE-551 GBV_ILN_230 ISIL_DE-552 GBV_ILN_283 ISIL_DE-Ha163 GBV_ILN_285 ISIL_DE-517 GBV_ILN_293 ISIL_DE-960-3 GBV_ILN_370 ISIL_DE-1373 GBV_ILN_635 ISIL_DE-B2138 GBV_ILN_808 GBV_ILN_2011 ISIL_DE-16 GBV_ILN_2014 ISIL_DE-90 GBV_ILN_2018 ISIL_DE-31 GBV_ILN_2034 ISIL_DE-Rt2 GBV_ILN_2037 ISIL_DE-747 GBV_ILN_2050 ISIL_DE-Zi4 GBV_ILN_2108 ISIL_DE-991 GBV_ILN_2403 ISIL_DE-LFER BO 11 01 0001 4104874655 00 5:LIZFREI --%%-- --%%-- --%%-- k 28-03-22 20 01 0084 4081665729 OLR-DOAB z 07-03-22 22 01 0018 4081252084 OLR-ZDB-94-OAB DOAB Directory of Open Access Books zu 07-03-22 23 01 0830 4081516367 olr-doab f z 07-03-22 24 01 0008 4104941549 OLR-doab z 29-03-22 30 01 0104 410368349X OLR-OAB Open Access, Directory of Open Access Books (DOAB) z 27-03-22 31 01 0027 4081314799 OLR-DOAB z 07-03-22 39 01 0547 4107507785 OLR-ZDB-94-OAB ke 30-03-22 40 01 0007 4081166366 OLR-DOAB xsn 07-03-22 60 01 0705 4276315549 OPENAccess Vervielfältigungen (z.B. 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Die Weitergabe an Dritte sowie systematisches Downloaden sind untersagt. z 11-04-24 808 01 4808 4159031919 OLR-DOAB DOAB Directory of Open Access Books zg 30-06-22 2011 01 DE-16 4078673457 00 --%%-- --%%-- --%%-- --%%-- l01 04-03-22 2014 01 DE-90 4078908446 00 --%%-- --%%-- --%%-- --%%-- l01 04-03-22 2018 01 DE-31 4078673465 00 --%%-- --%%-- --%%-- n Der Zugriff ist kostenfrei möglich. l01 04-03-22 2034 01 DE-Rt2 4078673473 00 --%%-- eBook n n frei zugänglich l01 04-03-22 2037 01 DE-747 4344821777 00 --%%-- eBook OAPEN Foundation OpenAccess --%%-- n Im Internet frei verfügbar l01 29-06-23 2050 01 DE-Zi4 4078908454 00 --%%-- --%%-- --%%-- n Elektronischer Volltext - Open Access l01 04-03-22 2108 01 DE-991 4078673481 00 --%%-- eBook DOAB --%%-- n Elektronischer Volltext - Campuslizenz l01 04-03-22 2403 01 DE-LFER 4078908462 00 --%%-- --%%-- n --%%-- l01 04-03-22 20 01 0084 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 22 01 0018 Volltextzugang https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 23 01 0830 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 24 01 0008 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 30 01 0104 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 31 01 0027 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 40 01 0007 Volltext, Open Access https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 60 01 0705 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 63 01 3401 E-Book https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 65 01 0003 Open Access https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 65 01 0003 Dieser Titel ist Teil einer Datenbank http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/dbinfo/detail.php?titel_id=11367&bib_id=ulb_hal 70 01 0089 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 72 01 0035 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 90 01 3090 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 91 01 3091 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 92 01 0033 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 95 01 3095 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 105 01 0841 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 110 01 3110 Open Access https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 120 01 0715 http://49gbv-uob-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/openurl/49GBV_UOB/UOB_services_page?u.ignore_date_coverage=true&rft.mms_id=991015676860003501 130 01 0700 Open Access https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 131 01 3131 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 132 01 0959 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 136 01 3526 Open Access https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 147 01 3528 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 161 01 0960 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 LF 213 01 0551 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 230 01 0552 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 283 01 3283 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 285 01 0517 Open Access https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 293 01 3293 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 LF 370 01 4370 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 635 01 3635 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 808 01 4808 Volltextzugang https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 2011 01 DE-16 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 2014 01 DE-90 Volltext frei verfügbar https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 2034 01 DE-Rt2 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 2037 01 DE-747 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 2050 01 DE-Zi4 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 2108 01 DE-991 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 2403 01 DE-LFER https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 31 01 0027 00 E-Book Open Access 132 01 0959 00 EBooks DOAB Open Access 20 01 0084 OLR-DOAB 22 01 0018 OLR-ZDB-94-OAB 23 01 0830 olr-doab 24 01 0008 OLR-doab 24 01 0008 olr-frei 30 01 0104 OLR-OAB 31 01 0027 OLR-DOAB 39 01 0547 OLR-ZDB-94-OAB 39 01 0547 LF 40 01 0007 OLR-DOAB 60 01 0705 OPENAccess 63 01 3401 E-Books LF GBV-DOAB 65 01 0003 OLR-DOAB 70 01 0089 OLR-DOAB-OA 72 01 0035 OLR-ZDB-94-OAB 90 01 3090 OLR-HILoapen 91 01 3091 OLR-DOAB 92 01 0033 OLR-Open Access DOAB 95 01 3095 OLR-OAB 105 01 0841 OLR-OAB 110 01 3110 OLR-DOAB 120 01 0715 alma 130 01 0700 OLR-DOAB 131 01 3131 OLR-OA-DOAB 132 01 0959 OLR-OAB 136 01 3526 OLR-DOAB 147 01 3528 OLR-DOAB 161 01 0960 OLR-DOAB 213 01 0551 OLR-DOAB 230 01 0552 OLR-DOAB 285 01 0517 OLR-DOAB 293 01 3293 OLR-DOAB 370 01 4370 OLR-FREE 370 01 4370 olr-ebook ZDB-94-OAB 635 01 3635 OLR-DOAB 808 01 4808 OLR-DOAB |
allfieldsGer |
9782889635771 978-2-88963-577-1 20.500.12854/73729 hdl (DE-627)1794581200 (DE-599)KEP076827070 (OCoLC)1302645013 (DOAB)73729 (EBP)076827070 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng PD bicssc Cognet, Patrick herausgeberin edt From Glycerol to Value-Added Products [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] Frontiers Media SA 2020 1 Online-Ressource (171 p.) Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Open Access Unrestricted online access star In a context where the role of biofuels will continue to grow, it is necessary to take into account the current state of their various manufacturing processes and to anticipate the expansion of the market. Thus, current biodiesel production processes generate a significant amount of glycerol as a by-product (about 100 kg per ton of processed vegetable oil). An explosion of the biodiesel market must integrate the valorization of glycerol whose current market of distribution (cosmetics, drugs, polymers, etc.) is not guaranteed such an expansion. This valuation will contribute effectively to the profitability and sustainability of the processes from which it derives. Glycerol physicochemical and toxicological properties give it the potential to be used as solvent, biolubricant, dispersant, and surfactant, among others. It is also widely used in the food industry as a preservative and sweetener. Beyond these applications, glycerol can also be used as a raw material for a wide range of chemicals. Glycerol is a highly functionalized molecule with specific physico-chemical properties, which can be used in different reactions as a reactant or a building block. For example, glycerol can be used as a starting material for antibiotic production, biosurfactants, organic acid production (lactic, propionic, succinic, citric acid, glyoxylic acid, glyoxalic acid, amino acids, etc.), alcohols (propanediols), glycerol esters, acrolein production, etc. These products can be obtained either through chemical reactions such as acetalization, dehydration, glycerolysis, esterification, etherification, aqueous phase reforming, oxidation, carboxylation, electrochemical routes, or through enzymatic reactions. However, it must be kept in mind that the development of industrial processes relies on the use of crude glycerol from biodiesel production. For that purpose, robust processes involving impurities-insensitive catalysts or pre-purification have to be developed. Finally, the separation of the chemical products obtained after glycerol conversion is also a key step toward the development of viable glycerol-based processes Creative Commons https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 cc English Science: general issues Kheireddine Aroua, Mohamed herausgeberin edt https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 X:DOAB Verlag kostenfrei ZDB-94-OAB GBV_ILN_11 ISIL_DE-1a SYSFLAG_1 GBV_KXP SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 ISIL_DE-84 GBV_ILN_22 ISIL_DE-18 GBV_ILN_23 ISIL_DE-830 GBV_ILN_24 ISIL_DE-8 GBV_ILN_30 ISIL_DE-104 GBV_ILN_31 ISIL_DE-27 GBV_ILN_39 ISIL_DE-547 GBV_ILN_40 ISIL_DE-7 GBV_ILN_60 ISIL_DE-705 GBV_ILN_63 ISIL_DE-Wim2 GBV_ILN_65 ISIL_DE-3 GBV_ILN_70 ISIL_DE-89 GBV_ILN_72 ISIL_DE-35 GBV_ILN_90 ISIL_DE-Hil2 GBV_ILN_91 ISIL_DE-HIL3 GBV_ILN_92 ISIL_DE-33 GBV_ILN_95 ISIL_DE-542 GBV_ILN_105 ISIL_DE-841 GBV_ILN_110 ISIL_DE-Luen4 GBV_ILN_120 ISIL_DE-715 GBV_ILN_130 ISIL_DE-700 GBV_ILN_131 ISIL_DE-Va1 GBV_ILN_132 ISIL_DE-959 GBV_ILN_136 ISIL_DE-Wis1 GBV_ILN_147 ISIL_DE-Fl3 GBV_ILN_161 ISIL_DE-960 GBV_ILN_213 ISIL_DE-551 GBV_ILN_230 ISIL_DE-552 GBV_ILN_283 ISIL_DE-Ha163 GBV_ILN_285 ISIL_DE-517 GBV_ILN_293 ISIL_DE-960-3 GBV_ILN_370 ISIL_DE-1373 GBV_ILN_635 ISIL_DE-B2138 GBV_ILN_808 GBV_ILN_2011 ISIL_DE-16 GBV_ILN_2014 ISIL_DE-90 GBV_ILN_2018 ISIL_DE-31 GBV_ILN_2034 ISIL_DE-Rt2 GBV_ILN_2037 ISIL_DE-747 GBV_ILN_2050 ISIL_DE-Zi4 GBV_ILN_2108 ISIL_DE-991 GBV_ILN_2403 ISIL_DE-LFER BO 11 01 0001 4104874655 00 5:LIZFREI --%%-- --%%-- --%%-- k 28-03-22 20 01 0084 4081665729 OLR-DOAB z 07-03-22 22 01 0018 4081252084 OLR-ZDB-94-OAB DOAB Directory of Open Access Books zu 07-03-22 23 01 0830 4081516367 olr-doab f z 07-03-22 24 01 0008 4104941549 OLR-doab z 29-03-22 30 01 0104 410368349X OLR-OAB Open Access, Directory of Open Access Books (DOAB) z 27-03-22 31 01 0027 4081314799 OLR-DOAB z 07-03-22 39 01 0547 4107507785 OLR-ZDB-94-OAB ke 30-03-22 40 01 0007 4081166366 OLR-DOAB xsn 07-03-22 60 01 0705 4276315549 OPENAccess Vervielfältigungen (z.B. 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Die Weitergabe an Dritte sowie systematisches Downloaden sind untersagt. z 11-04-24 808 01 4808 4159031919 OLR-DOAB DOAB Directory of Open Access Books zg 30-06-22 2011 01 DE-16 4078673457 00 --%%-- --%%-- --%%-- --%%-- l01 04-03-22 2014 01 DE-90 4078908446 00 --%%-- --%%-- --%%-- --%%-- l01 04-03-22 2018 01 DE-31 4078673465 00 --%%-- --%%-- --%%-- n Der Zugriff ist kostenfrei möglich. l01 04-03-22 2034 01 DE-Rt2 4078673473 00 --%%-- eBook n n frei zugänglich l01 04-03-22 2037 01 DE-747 4344821777 00 --%%-- eBook OAPEN Foundation OpenAccess --%%-- n Im Internet frei verfügbar l01 29-06-23 2050 01 DE-Zi4 4078908454 00 --%%-- --%%-- --%%-- n Elektronischer Volltext - Open Access l01 04-03-22 2108 01 DE-991 4078673481 00 --%%-- eBook DOAB --%%-- n Elektronischer Volltext - Campuslizenz l01 04-03-22 2403 01 DE-LFER 4078908462 00 --%%-- --%%-- n --%%-- l01 04-03-22 20 01 0084 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 22 01 0018 Volltextzugang https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 23 01 0830 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 24 01 0008 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 30 01 0104 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 31 01 0027 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 40 01 0007 Volltext, Open Access https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 60 01 0705 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 63 01 3401 E-Book https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 65 01 0003 Open Access https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 65 01 0003 Dieser Titel ist Teil einer Datenbank http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/dbinfo/detail.php?titel_id=11367&bib_id=ulb_hal 70 01 0089 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 72 01 0035 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 90 01 3090 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 91 01 3091 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 92 01 0033 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 95 01 3095 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 105 01 0841 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 110 01 3110 Open Access https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 120 01 0715 http://49gbv-uob-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/openurl/49GBV_UOB/UOB_services_page?u.ignore_date_coverage=true&rft.mms_id=991015676860003501 130 01 0700 Open Access https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 131 01 3131 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 132 01 0959 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 136 01 3526 Open Access https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 147 01 3528 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 161 01 0960 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 LF 213 01 0551 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 230 01 0552 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 283 01 3283 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 285 01 0517 Open Access https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 293 01 3293 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 LF 370 01 4370 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 635 01 3635 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 808 01 4808 Volltextzugang https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 2011 01 DE-16 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 2014 01 DE-90 Volltext frei verfügbar https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 2034 01 DE-Rt2 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 2037 01 DE-747 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 2050 01 DE-Zi4 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 2108 01 DE-991 https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 2403 01 DE-LFER https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 31 01 0027 00 E-Book Open Access 132 01 0959 00 EBooks DOAB Open Access 20 01 0084 OLR-DOAB 22 01 0018 OLR-ZDB-94-OAB 23 01 0830 olr-doab 24 01 0008 OLR-doab 24 01 0008 olr-frei 30 01 0104 OLR-OAB 31 01 0027 OLR-DOAB 39 01 0547 OLR-ZDB-94-OAB 39 01 0547 LF 40 01 0007 OLR-DOAB 60 01 0705 OPENAccess 63 01 3401 E-Books LF GBV-DOAB 65 01 0003 OLR-DOAB 70 01 0089 OLR-DOAB-OA 72 01 0035 OLR-ZDB-94-OAB 90 01 3090 OLR-HILoapen 91 01 3091 OLR-DOAB 92 01 0033 OLR-Open Access DOAB 95 01 3095 OLR-OAB 105 01 0841 OLR-OAB 110 01 3110 OLR-DOAB 120 01 0715 alma 130 01 0700 OLR-DOAB 131 01 3131 OLR-OA-DOAB 132 01 0959 OLR-OAB 136 01 3526 OLR-DOAB 147 01 3528 OLR-DOAB 161 01 0960 OLR-DOAB 213 01 0551 OLR-DOAB 230 01 0552 OLR-DOAB 285 01 0517 OLR-DOAB 293 01 3293 OLR-DOAB 370 01 4370 OLR-FREE 370 01 4370 olr-ebook ZDB-94-OAB 635 01 3635 OLR-DOAB 808 01 4808 OLR-DOAB |
allfieldsSound |
9782889635771 978-2-88963-577-1 20.500.12854/73729 hdl (DE-627)1794581200 (DE-599)KEP076827070 (OCoLC)1302645013 (DOAB)73729 (EBP)076827070 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng PD bicssc Cognet, Patrick herausgeberin edt From Glycerol to Value-Added Products [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] Frontiers Media SA 2020 1 Online-Ressource (171 p.) Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Open Access Unrestricted online access star In a context where the role of biofuels will continue to grow, it is necessary to take into account the current state of their various manufacturing processes and to anticipate the expansion of the market. Thus, current biodiesel production processes generate a significant amount of glycerol as a by-product (about 100 kg per ton of processed vegetable oil). An explosion of the biodiesel market must integrate the valorization of glycerol whose current market of distribution (cosmetics, drugs, polymers, etc.) is not guaranteed such an expansion. This valuation will contribute effectively to the profitability and sustainability of the processes from which it derives. Glycerol physicochemical and toxicological properties give it the potential to be used as solvent, biolubricant, dispersant, and surfactant, among others. It is also widely used in the food industry as a preservative and sweetener. Beyond these applications, glycerol can also be used as a raw material for a wide range of chemicals. Glycerol is a highly functionalized molecule with specific physico-chemical properties, which can be used in different reactions as a reactant or a building block. For example, glycerol can be used as a starting material for antibiotic production, biosurfactants, organic acid production (lactic, propionic, succinic, citric acid, glyoxylic acid, glyoxalic acid, amino acids, etc.), alcohols (propanediols), glycerol esters, acrolein production, etc. These products can be obtained either through chemical reactions such as acetalization, dehydration, glycerolysis, esterification, etherification, aqueous phase reforming, oxidation, carboxylation, electrochemical routes, or through enzymatic reactions. However, it must be kept in mind that the development of industrial processes relies on the use of crude glycerol from biodiesel production. For that purpose, robust processes involving impurities-insensitive catalysts or pre-purification have to be developed. Finally, the separation of the chemical products obtained after glycerol conversion is also a key step toward the development of viable glycerol-based processes Creative Commons https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 cc English Science: general issues Kheireddine Aroua, Mohamed herausgeberin edt https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729 X:DOAB Verlag kostenfrei ZDB-94-OAB GBV_ILN_11 ISIL_DE-1a SYSFLAG_1 GBV_KXP SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 ISIL_DE-84 GBV_ILN_22 ISIL_DE-18 GBV_ILN_23 ISIL_DE-830 GBV_ILN_24 ISIL_DE-8 GBV_ILN_30 ISIL_DE-104 GBV_ILN_31 ISIL_DE-27 GBV_ILN_39 ISIL_DE-547 GBV_ILN_40 ISIL_DE-7 GBV_ILN_60 ISIL_DE-705 GBV_ILN_63 ISIL_DE-Wim2 GBV_ILN_65 ISIL_DE-3 GBV_ILN_70 ISIL_DE-89 GBV_ILN_72 ISIL_DE-35 GBV_ILN_90 ISIL_DE-Hil2 GBV_ILN_91 ISIL_DE-HIL3 GBV_ILN_92 ISIL_DE-33 GBV_ILN_95 ISIL_DE-542 GBV_ILN_105 ISIL_DE-841 GBV_ILN_110 ISIL_DE-Luen4 GBV_ILN_120 ISIL_DE-715 GBV_ILN_130 ISIL_DE-700 GBV_ILN_131 ISIL_DE-Va1 GBV_ILN_132 ISIL_DE-959 GBV_ILN_136 ISIL_DE-Wis1 GBV_ILN_147 ISIL_DE-Fl3 GBV_ILN_161 ISIL_DE-960 GBV_ILN_213 ISIL_DE-551 GBV_ILN_230 ISIL_DE-552 GBV_ILN_283 ISIL_DE-Ha163 GBV_ILN_285 ISIL_DE-517 GBV_ILN_293 ISIL_DE-960-3 GBV_ILN_370 ISIL_DE-1373 GBV_ILN_635 ISIL_DE-B2138 GBV_ILN_808 GBV_ILN_2011 ISIL_DE-16 GBV_ILN_2014 ISIL_DE-90 GBV_ILN_2018 ISIL_DE-31 GBV_ILN_2034 ISIL_DE-Rt2 GBV_ILN_2037 ISIL_DE-747 GBV_ILN_2050 ISIL_DE-Zi4 GBV_ILN_2108 ISIL_DE-991 GBV_ILN_2403 ISIL_DE-LFER BO 11 01 0001 4104874655 00 5:LIZFREI --%%-- --%%-- --%%-- k 28-03-22 20 01 0084 4081665729 OLR-DOAB z 07-03-22 22 01 0018 4081252084 OLR-ZDB-94-OAB DOAB Directory of Open Access Books zu 07-03-22 23 01 0830 4081516367 olr-doab f z 07-03-22 24 01 0008 4104941549 OLR-doab z 29-03-22 30 01 0104 410368349X OLR-OAB Open Access, Directory of Open Access Books (DOAB) z 27-03-22 31 01 0027 4081314799 OLR-DOAB z 07-03-22 39 01 0547 4107507785 OLR-ZDB-94-OAB ke 30-03-22 40 01 0007 4081166366 OLR-DOAB xsn 07-03-22 60 01 0705 4276315549 OPENAccess Vervielfältigungen (z.B. 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code="b">4081665729</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-DOAB</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">07-03-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">22</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">0018</subfield><subfield code="b">4081252084</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-ZDB-94-OAB</subfield><subfield code="k">DOAB Directory of Open Access Books</subfield><subfield code="y">zu</subfield><subfield code="z">07-03-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">23</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">0830</subfield><subfield code="b">4081516367</subfield><subfield code="h">olr-doab</subfield><subfield code="u">f</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">07-03-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">24</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">0008</subfield><subfield code="b">4104941549</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-doab</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">29-03-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">30</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">0104</subfield><subfield code="b">410368349X</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-OAB</subfield><subfield code="k">Open Access, Directory of Open Access Books (DOAB)</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">27-03-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">31</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">0027</subfield><subfield code="b">4081314799</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-DOAB</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">07-03-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">39</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">0547</subfield><subfield code="b">4107507785</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-ZDB-94-OAB</subfield><subfield code="y">ke</subfield><subfield code="z">30-03-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">40</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">0007</subfield><subfield code="b">4081166366</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-DOAB</subfield><subfield code="y">xsn</subfield><subfield code="z">07-03-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">60</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">0705</subfield><subfield code="b">4276315549</subfield><subfield code="h">OPENAccess</subfield><subfield code="k">Vervielfältigungen (z.B. Kopien, Downloads) sind nur von einzelnen Kapiteln oder Seiten und nur zum eigenen wissenschaftlichen Gebrauch erlaubt. Keine Weitergabe an Dritte. Kein systematisches Downloaden durch Robots.</subfield><subfield code="k">Nur für Angehörige der HSU: Volltextzugang von außerhalb des Campus mit Anmeldung über Shibboleth mit Ihrer Bibliothekskennung</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">24-02-23</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">63</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">3401</subfield><subfield code="b">4106726513</subfield><subfield code="h">E-Books LF GBV-DOAB</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">30-03-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">65</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">0003</subfield><subfield code="b">4111107311</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-DOAB</subfield><subfield code="k">Nach dem deutschen Urheberrecht darf das Werk bzw. der Inhalt zum eigenen Gebrauch kostenfrei heruntergeladen, konsumiert, gespeichert oder ausgedruckt, nicht jedoch im Internet bereitgestellt oder an Außenstehende weitergegeben werden!</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">02-04-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">70</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">0089</subfield><subfield code="b">4081377103</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-DOAB-OA</subfield><subfield code="k">DOAB Directory of Open Access Books</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">07-03-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">72</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">0035</subfield><subfield code="b">4105818783</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-ZDB-94-OAB</subfield><subfield code="k">DOAB Directory of Open Access Books</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">29-03-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">90</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">3090</subfield><subfield code="b">4107797015</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-HILoapen</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">30-03-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">91</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">3091</subfield><subfield code="b">4081037574</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-DOAB</subfield><subfield code="k">DOAB Directory of Open Access Books</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">07-03-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">92</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">0033</subfield><subfield code="b">4109150329</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-Open Access DOAB</subfield><subfield code="k">Vervielfältigungen (z.B. Kopien, Downloads) sind nur von einzelnen Kapiteln oder Seiten und nur zum eigenen wissenschaftlichen Gebrauch erlaubt. Die Weitergabe an Dritte sowie systematisches Downloaden sind untersagt. Das Ebook ist frei zugänglich.</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">01-04-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">95</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">3095</subfield><subfield code="b">4342580934</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-OAB</subfield><subfield code="k">Vervielfältigungen (z.B. Kopien, Downloads) sind nur von einzelnen Kapiteln oder Seiten und nur zum eigenen wissenschaftlichen Gebrauch erlaubt. Die Weitergabe an Dritte sowie systematisches Downloaden sind untersagt.</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">23-06-23</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">105</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">0841</subfield><subfield code="b">4082010009</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-OAB</subfield><subfield code="k">Vervielfältigungen (z.B. Kopien, Downloads) sind nur von einzelnen Kapiteln oder Seiten und nur zum eigenen wissenschaftlichen Gebrauch erlaubt. Die Weitergabe an Dritte sowie systematisches Downloaden sind untersagt.</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">08-03-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">110</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">3110</subfield><subfield code="b">408183475X</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-DOAB</subfield><subfield code="k">Vervielfältigungen (z.B. Kopien, Downloads) sind nur von einzelnen Kapiteln oder Seiten und nur zum eigenen wissenschaftlichen Gebrauch erlaubt. Die Weitergabe an Dritte sowie systematisches Downloaden sind untersagt.</subfield><subfield code="k">Open Access</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">07-03-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">120</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">0715</subfield><subfield code="b">4088285883</subfield><subfield code="c">00</subfield><subfield code="f">--%%--</subfield><subfield code="d">--%%--</subfield><subfield code="e">g</subfield><subfield code="j">--%%--</subfield><subfield code="h">alma</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">12-03-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">130</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">0700</subfield><subfield code="b">4147133096</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-DOAB</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">09-06-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">131</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">3131</subfield><subfield code="b">4466132062</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-OA-DOAB</subfield><subfield code="k">Bitte beachten Sie die Nutzungsbedingungen und Copyright-Bestimmungen des Verlages/Herausgebers.</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">23-01-24</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">132</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">0959</subfield><subfield code="b">4150497540</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-OAB</subfield><subfield code="u">Open Access</subfield><subfield code="y">x</subfield><subfield code="z">15-06-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">136</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">3526</subfield><subfield code="b">4081100632</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-DOAB</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">07-03-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">147</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">3528</subfield><subfield code="b">4127966025</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-DOAB</subfield><subfield code="k">frei verfügbar für Europa-Universität Flensburg, Hochschule Flensburg und Zentrale Hochschulbibliothek</subfield><subfield code="k">Vervielfältigungen (z.B. Kopien, Downloads) sind nur von einzelnen Kapiteln oder Seiten und nur zum eigenen wissenschaftlichen Gebrauch erlaubt. Die Weitergabe an Dritte sowie systematisches Downloaden sind untersagt.</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">02-05-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">161</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">0960</subfield><subfield code="b">4152024100</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-DOAB</subfield><subfield code="k">DOAB Directory of Open Access Books</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">17-06-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">213</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">0551</subfield><subfield code="b">4110277043</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-DOAB</subfield><subfield code="k">DOAB Directory of Open Access Books</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">01-04-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">230</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">0552</subfield><subfield code="b">4127570571</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-DOAB</subfield><subfield code="k">DOAB Directory of Open Access Books</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">01-05-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">283</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">3283</subfield><subfield code="b">4157887409</subfield><subfield code="k">Vervielfältigungen (z.B. Kopien, Downloads) sind nur von einzelnen Kapiteln oder Seiten und nur zum eigenen wissenschaftlichen Gebrauch erlaubt. Die Weitergabe an Dritte sowie systematisches Downloaden sind untersagt.</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">28-06-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">285</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">0517</subfield><subfield code="b">4123845754</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-DOAB</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">27-04-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">293</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">3293</subfield><subfield code="b">4154523643</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-DOAB</subfield><subfield code="k">DOAB Directory of Open Access Books</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">22-06-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">370</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">4370</subfield><subfield code="b">4126638768</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-FREE</subfield><subfield code="k">Kostenloser Zugriff</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">29-04-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">635</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">3635</subfield><subfield code="b">4510308876</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-DOAB</subfield><subfield code="k">Open Access. Vervielfältigungen (z.B. Kopien, Downloads) sind nur von einzelnen Kapiteln oder Seiten und nur zum eigenen wissenschaftlichen Gebrauch erlaubt. Die Weitergabe an Dritte sowie systematisches Downloaden sind untersagt.</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">11-04-24</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">808</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">4808</subfield><subfield code="b">4159031919</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-DOAB</subfield><subfield code="k">DOAB Directory of Open Access Books</subfield><subfield code="y">zg</subfield><subfield code="z">30-06-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">2011</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">DE-16</subfield><subfield code="b">4078673457</subfield><subfield code="c">00</subfield><subfield code="f">--%%--</subfield><subfield code="d">--%%--</subfield><subfield code="e">--%%--</subfield><subfield code="j">--%%--</subfield><subfield code="y">l01</subfield><subfield code="z">04-03-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">2014</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">DE-90</subfield><subfield code="b">4078908446</subfield><subfield code="c">00</subfield><subfield code="f">--%%--</subfield><subfield code="d">--%%--</subfield><subfield code="e">--%%--</subfield><subfield code="j">--%%--</subfield><subfield code="y">l01</subfield><subfield code="z">04-03-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">2018</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">DE-31</subfield><subfield code="b">4078673465</subfield><subfield code="c">00</subfield><subfield code="f">--%%--</subfield><subfield code="d">--%%--</subfield><subfield code="e">--%%--</subfield><subfield code="j">n</subfield><subfield code="k">Der Zugriff ist kostenfrei möglich.</subfield><subfield code="y">l01</subfield><subfield code="z">04-03-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">2034</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">DE-Rt2</subfield><subfield code="b">4078673473</subfield><subfield code="c">00</subfield><subfield code="f">--%%--</subfield><subfield code="d">eBook</subfield><subfield code="e">n</subfield><subfield code="j">n</subfield><subfield code="k">frei zugänglich</subfield><subfield code="y">l01</subfield><subfield code="z">04-03-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">2037</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">DE-747</subfield><subfield code="b">4344821777</subfield><subfield code="c">00</subfield><subfield code="f">--%%--</subfield><subfield code="d">eBook OAPEN Foundation OpenAccess</subfield><subfield code="e">--%%--</subfield><subfield code="j">n</subfield><subfield code="k">Im Internet frei verfügbar</subfield><subfield code="y">l01</subfield><subfield code="z">29-06-23</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">2050</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">DE-Zi4</subfield><subfield code="b">4078908454</subfield><subfield code="c">00</subfield><subfield code="f">--%%--</subfield><subfield code="d">--%%--</subfield><subfield code="e">--%%--</subfield><subfield code="j">n</subfield><subfield code="k">Elektronischer Volltext - Open Access</subfield><subfield code="y">l01</subfield><subfield code="z">04-03-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">2108</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">DE-991</subfield><subfield code="b">4078673481</subfield><subfield code="c">00</subfield><subfield code="f">--%%--</subfield><subfield code="d">eBook DOAB</subfield><subfield code="e">--%%--</subfield><subfield code="j">n</subfield><subfield code="k">Elektronischer Volltext - Campuslizenz</subfield><subfield code="y">l01</subfield><subfield code="z">04-03-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">2403</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">DE-LFER</subfield><subfield code="b">4078908462</subfield><subfield code="c">00</subfield><subfield code="f">--%%--</subfield><subfield code="d">--%%--</subfield><subfield code="e">n</subfield><subfield code="j">--%%--</subfield><subfield code="y">l01</subfield><subfield code="z">04-03-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="981" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">20</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">0084</subfield><subfield code="r">https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="981" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">22</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">0018</subfield><subfield code="y">Volltextzugang</subfield><subfield code="r">https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="981" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">23</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">0830</subfield><subfield code="r">https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="981" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">24</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">0008</subfield><subfield code="r">https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="981" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">30</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">0104</subfield><subfield code="r">https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="981" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">31</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">0027</subfield><subfield code="r">https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73729</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="981" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">40</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield 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From Glycerol to Value-Added Products |
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From Glycerol to Value-Added Products |
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Cognet, Patrick |
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from glycerol to value-added products |
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From Glycerol to Value-Added Products |
abstract |
In a context where the role of biofuels will continue to grow, it is necessary to take into account the current state of their various manufacturing processes and to anticipate the expansion of the market. Thus, current biodiesel production processes generate a significant amount of glycerol as a by-product (about 100 kg per ton of processed vegetable oil). An explosion of the biodiesel market must integrate the valorization of glycerol whose current market of distribution (cosmetics, drugs, polymers, etc.) is not guaranteed such an expansion. This valuation will contribute effectively to the profitability and sustainability of the processes from which it derives. Glycerol physicochemical and toxicological properties give it the potential to be used as solvent, biolubricant, dispersant, and surfactant, among others. It is also widely used in the food industry as a preservative and sweetener. Beyond these applications, glycerol can also be used as a raw material for a wide range of chemicals. Glycerol is a highly functionalized molecule with specific physico-chemical properties, which can be used in different reactions as a reactant or a building block. For example, glycerol can be used as a starting material for antibiotic production, biosurfactants, organic acid production (lactic, propionic, succinic, citric acid, glyoxylic acid, glyoxalic acid, amino acids, etc.), alcohols (propanediols), glycerol esters, acrolein production, etc. These products can be obtained either through chemical reactions such as acetalization, dehydration, glycerolysis, esterification, etherification, aqueous phase reforming, oxidation, carboxylation, electrochemical routes, or through enzymatic reactions. However, it must be kept in mind that the development of industrial processes relies on the use of crude glycerol from biodiesel production. For that purpose, robust processes involving impurities-insensitive catalysts or pre-purification have to be developed. Finally, the separation of the chemical products obtained after glycerol conversion is also a key step toward the development of viable glycerol-based processes |
abstractGer |
In a context where the role of biofuels will continue to grow, it is necessary to take into account the current state of their various manufacturing processes and to anticipate the expansion of the market. Thus, current biodiesel production processes generate a significant amount of glycerol as a by-product (about 100 kg per ton of processed vegetable oil). An explosion of the biodiesel market must integrate the valorization of glycerol whose current market of distribution (cosmetics, drugs, polymers, etc.) is not guaranteed such an expansion. This valuation will contribute effectively to the profitability and sustainability of the processes from which it derives. Glycerol physicochemical and toxicological properties give it the potential to be used as solvent, biolubricant, dispersant, and surfactant, among others. It is also widely used in the food industry as a preservative and sweetener. Beyond these applications, glycerol can also be used as a raw material for a wide range of chemicals. Glycerol is a highly functionalized molecule with specific physico-chemical properties, which can be used in different reactions as a reactant or a building block. For example, glycerol can be used as a starting material for antibiotic production, biosurfactants, organic acid production (lactic, propionic, succinic, citric acid, glyoxylic acid, glyoxalic acid, amino acids, etc.), alcohols (propanediols), glycerol esters, acrolein production, etc. These products can be obtained either through chemical reactions such as acetalization, dehydration, glycerolysis, esterification, etherification, aqueous phase reforming, oxidation, carboxylation, electrochemical routes, or through enzymatic reactions. However, it must be kept in mind that the development of industrial processes relies on the use of crude glycerol from biodiesel production. For that purpose, robust processes involving impurities-insensitive catalysts or pre-purification have to be developed. Finally, the separation of the chemical products obtained after glycerol conversion is also a key step toward the development of viable glycerol-based processes |
abstract_unstemmed |
In a context where the role of biofuels will continue to grow, it is necessary to take into account the current state of their various manufacturing processes and to anticipate the expansion of the market. Thus, current biodiesel production processes generate a significant amount of glycerol as a by-product (about 100 kg per ton of processed vegetable oil). An explosion of the biodiesel market must integrate the valorization of glycerol whose current market of distribution (cosmetics, drugs, polymers, etc.) is not guaranteed such an expansion. This valuation will contribute effectively to the profitability and sustainability of the processes from which it derives. Glycerol physicochemical and toxicological properties give it the potential to be used as solvent, biolubricant, dispersant, and surfactant, among others. It is also widely used in the food industry as a preservative and sweetener. Beyond these applications, glycerol can also be used as a raw material for a wide range of chemicals. Glycerol is a highly functionalized molecule with specific physico-chemical properties, which can be used in different reactions as a reactant or a building block. For example, glycerol can be used as a starting material for antibiotic production, biosurfactants, organic acid production (lactic, propionic, succinic, citric acid, glyoxylic acid, glyoxalic acid, amino acids, etc.), alcohols (propanediols), glycerol esters, acrolein production, etc. These products can be obtained either through chemical reactions such as acetalization, dehydration, glycerolysis, esterification, etherification, aqueous phase reforming, oxidation, carboxylation, electrochemical routes, or through enzymatic reactions. However, it must be kept in mind that the development of industrial processes relies on the use of crude glycerol from biodiesel production. For that purpose, robust processes involving impurities-insensitive catalysts or pre-purification have to be developed. Finally, the separation of the chemical products obtained after glycerol conversion is also a key step toward the development of viable glycerol-based processes |
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title_short |
From Glycerol to Value-Added Products |
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tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2014</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ISIL_DE-90</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2018</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ISIL_DE-31</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2034</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ISIL_DE-Rt2</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2037</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ISIL_DE-747</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2050</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ISIL_DE-Zi4</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2108</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ISIL_DE-991</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2403</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ISIL_DE-LFER</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="951" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">BO</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">11</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">0001</subfield><subfield code="b">4104874655</subfield><subfield code="c">00</subfield><subfield code="f">5:LIZFREI</subfield><subfield code="d">--%%--</subfield><subfield code="e">--%%--</subfield><subfield code="j">--%%--</subfield><subfield code="y">k</subfield><subfield code="z">28-03-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">20</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">0084</subfield><subfield code="b">4081665729</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-DOAB</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">07-03-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">22</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">0018</subfield><subfield code="b">4081252084</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-ZDB-94-OAB</subfield><subfield code="k">DOAB Directory of Open Access Books</subfield><subfield code="y">zu</subfield><subfield code="z">07-03-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">23</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">0830</subfield><subfield code="b">4081516367</subfield><subfield code="h">olr-doab</subfield><subfield code="u">f</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">07-03-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">24</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">0008</subfield><subfield code="b">4104941549</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-doab</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">29-03-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">30</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">0104</subfield><subfield code="b">410368349X</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-OAB</subfield><subfield code="k">Open Access, Directory of Open Access Books (DOAB)</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">27-03-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">31</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">0027</subfield><subfield code="b">4081314799</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-DOAB</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">07-03-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">39</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">0547</subfield><subfield code="b">4107507785</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-ZDB-94-OAB</subfield><subfield code="y">ke</subfield><subfield code="z">30-03-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">40</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">0007</subfield><subfield code="b">4081166366</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-DOAB</subfield><subfield code="y">xsn</subfield><subfield code="z">07-03-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">60</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">0705</subfield><subfield code="b">4276315549</subfield><subfield code="h">OPENAccess</subfield><subfield code="k">Vervielfältigungen (z.B. Kopien, Downloads) sind nur von einzelnen Kapiteln oder Seiten und nur zum eigenen wissenschaftlichen Gebrauch erlaubt. Keine Weitergabe an Dritte. Kein systematisches Downloaden durch Robots.</subfield><subfield code="k">Nur für Angehörige der HSU: Volltextzugang von außerhalb des Campus mit Anmeldung über Shibboleth mit Ihrer Bibliothekskennung</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">24-02-23</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">63</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">3401</subfield><subfield code="b">4106726513</subfield><subfield code="h">E-Books LF GBV-DOAB</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">30-03-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">65</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">0003</subfield><subfield code="b">4111107311</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-DOAB</subfield><subfield code="k">Nach dem deutschen Urheberrecht darf das Werk bzw. der Inhalt zum eigenen Gebrauch kostenfrei heruntergeladen, konsumiert, gespeichert oder ausgedruckt, nicht jedoch im Internet bereitgestellt oder an Außenstehende weitergegeben werden!</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">02-04-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">70</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">0089</subfield><subfield code="b">4081377103</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-DOAB-OA</subfield><subfield code="k">DOAB Directory of Open Access Books</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">07-03-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">72</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">0035</subfield><subfield code="b">4105818783</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-ZDB-94-OAB</subfield><subfield code="k">DOAB Directory of Open Access Books</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">29-03-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">90</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">3090</subfield><subfield code="b">4107797015</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-HILoapen</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">30-03-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">91</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">3091</subfield><subfield code="b">4081037574</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-DOAB</subfield><subfield code="k">DOAB Directory of Open Access Books</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">07-03-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">92</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">0033</subfield><subfield code="b">4109150329</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-Open Access DOAB</subfield><subfield code="k">Vervielfältigungen (z.B. Kopien, Downloads) sind nur von einzelnen Kapiteln oder Seiten und nur zum eigenen wissenschaftlichen Gebrauch erlaubt. Die Weitergabe an Dritte sowie systematisches Downloaden sind untersagt. Das Ebook ist frei zugänglich.</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">01-04-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">95</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">3095</subfield><subfield code="b">4342580934</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-OAB</subfield><subfield code="k">Vervielfältigungen (z.B. Kopien, Downloads) sind nur von einzelnen Kapiteln oder Seiten und nur zum eigenen wissenschaftlichen Gebrauch erlaubt. Die Weitergabe an Dritte sowie systematisches Downloaden sind untersagt.</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">23-06-23</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">105</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">0841</subfield><subfield code="b">4082010009</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-OAB</subfield><subfield code="k">Vervielfältigungen (z.B. Kopien, Downloads) sind nur von einzelnen Kapiteln oder Seiten und nur zum eigenen wissenschaftlichen Gebrauch erlaubt. Die Weitergabe an Dritte sowie systematisches Downloaden sind untersagt.</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">08-03-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">110</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">3110</subfield><subfield code="b">408183475X</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-DOAB</subfield><subfield code="k">Vervielfältigungen (z.B. Kopien, Downloads) sind nur von einzelnen Kapiteln oder Seiten und nur zum eigenen wissenschaftlichen Gebrauch erlaubt. Die Weitergabe an Dritte sowie systematisches Downloaden sind untersagt.</subfield><subfield code="k">Open Access</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">07-03-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">120</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">0715</subfield><subfield code="b">4088285883</subfield><subfield code="c">00</subfield><subfield code="f">--%%--</subfield><subfield code="d">--%%--</subfield><subfield code="e">g</subfield><subfield code="j">--%%--</subfield><subfield code="h">alma</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">12-03-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">130</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">0700</subfield><subfield code="b">4147133096</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-DOAB</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">09-06-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">131</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">3131</subfield><subfield code="b">4466132062</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-OA-DOAB</subfield><subfield code="k">Bitte beachten Sie die Nutzungsbedingungen und Copyright-Bestimmungen des Verlages/Herausgebers.</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">23-01-24</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">132</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">0959</subfield><subfield code="b">4150497540</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-OAB</subfield><subfield code="u">Open Access</subfield><subfield code="y">x</subfield><subfield code="z">15-06-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">136</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">3526</subfield><subfield code="b">4081100632</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-DOAB</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">07-03-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">147</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">3528</subfield><subfield code="b">4127966025</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-DOAB</subfield><subfield code="k">frei verfügbar für Europa-Universität Flensburg, Hochschule Flensburg und Zentrale Hochschulbibliothek</subfield><subfield code="k">Vervielfältigungen (z.B. Kopien, Downloads) sind nur von einzelnen Kapiteln oder Seiten und nur zum eigenen wissenschaftlichen Gebrauch erlaubt. Die Weitergabe an Dritte sowie systematisches Downloaden sind untersagt.</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">02-05-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">161</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">0960</subfield><subfield code="b">4152024100</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-DOAB</subfield><subfield code="k">DOAB Directory of Open Access Books</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">17-06-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">213</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">0551</subfield><subfield code="b">4110277043</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-DOAB</subfield><subfield code="k">DOAB Directory of Open Access Books</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">01-04-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">230</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">0552</subfield><subfield code="b">4127570571</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-DOAB</subfield><subfield code="k">DOAB Directory of Open Access Books</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">01-05-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">283</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">3283</subfield><subfield code="b">4157887409</subfield><subfield code="k">Vervielfältigungen (z.B. Kopien, Downloads) sind nur von einzelnen Kapiteln oder Seiten und nur zum eigenen wissenschaftlichen Gebrauch erlaubt. Die Weitergabe an Dritte sowie systematisches Downloaden sind untersagt.</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">28-06-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">285</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">0517</subfield><subfield code="b">4123845754</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-DOAB</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">27-04-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">293</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">3293</subfield><subfield code="b">4154523643</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-DOAB</subfield><subfield code="k">DOAB Directory of Open Access Books</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">22-06-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">370</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">4370</subfield><subfield code="b">4126638768</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-FREE</subfield><subfield code="k">Kostenloser Zugriff</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">29-04-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">635</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">3635</subfield><subfield code="b">4510308876</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-DOAB</subfield><subfield code="k">Open Access. Vervielfältigungen (z.B. Kopien, Downloads) sind nur von einzelnen Kapiteln oder Seiten und nur zum eigenen wissenschaftlichen Gebrauch erlaubt. Die Weitergabe an Dritte sowie systematisches Downloaden sind untersagt.</subfield><subfield code="y">z</subfield><subfield code="z">11-04-24</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">808</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">4808</subfield><subfield code="b">4159031919</subfield><subfield code="h">OLR-DOAB</subfield><subfield code="k">DOAB Directory of Open Access Books</subfield><subfield code="y">zg</subfield><subfield code="z">30-06-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">2011</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">DE-16</subfield><subfield code="b">4078673457</subfield><subfield code="c">00</subfield><subfield code="f">--%%--</subfield><subfield code="d">--%%--</subfield><subfield code="e">--%%--</subfield><subfield code="j">--%%--</subfield><subfield code="y">l01</subfield><subfield code="z">04-03-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">2014</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">DE-90</subfield><subfield code="b">4078908446</subfield><subfield code="c">00</subfield><subfield code="f">--%%--</subfield><subfield code="d">--%%--</subfield><subfield code="e">--%%--</subfield><subfield code="j">--%%--</subfield><subfield code="y">l01</subfield><subfield code="z">04-03-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">2018</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">DE-31</subfield><subfield code="b">4078673465</subfield><subfield code="c">00</subfield><subfield code="f">--%%--</subfield><subfield code="d">--%%--</subfield><subfield code="e">--%%--</subfield><subfield code="j">n</subfield><subfield code="k">Der Zugriff ist kostenfrei möglich.</subfield><subfield code="y">l01</subfield><subfield code="z">04-03-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">2034</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">DE-Rt2</subfield><subfield code="b">4078673473</subfield><subfield code="c">00</subfield><subfield code="f">--%%--</subfield><subfield code="d">eBook</subfield><subfield code="e">n</subfield><subfield code="j">n</subfield><subfield code="k">frei zugänglich</subfield><subfield code="y">l01</subfield><subfield code="z">04-03-22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">2037</subfield><subfield code="1">01</subfield><subfield code="x">DE-747</subfield><subfield code="b">4344821777</subfield><subfield code="c">00</subfield><subfield code="f">--%%--</subfield><subfield code="d">eBook OAPEN Foundation OpenAccess</subfield><subfield code="e">--%%--</subfield><subfield code="j">n</subfield><subfield code="k">Im Internet frei verfügbar</subfield><subfield code="y">l01</subfield><subfield code="z">29-06-23</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">2050</subfield><subfield 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