Effects of Stress Factors on the Functioning of the Adult Hippocampus: Molecular-Cellular Mechanisms and the Dorsoventral Gradient

The adult hippocampus is one of the most stress-sensitive structures, and develops neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative processes, epileptic activity, and impairments to neurogenesis. Stresses of different modalities have specific effects on the structural-functional plasticity of the hippocampus...
Ausführliche Beschreibung

The adult hippocampus is one of the most stress-sensitive structures, and develops neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative processes, epileptic activity, and impairments to neurogenesis. Stresses of different modalities have specific effects on the structural-functional plasticity of the hippocampus in animals; the primary target of stress hormones consists of corticosteroid receptors (glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid). Different parts of the hippocampus along the septotemporal axis differ functionally: the dorsal hippocampus is responsible for particular forms of learning and memory, particularly spatial, while the ventral part plays an important role in mediating stress reactions and anxious forms of behavior. This functional differentiation is based on differences in the basal molecular-cellular mechanisms of plasticity and stress-induced changes in these mechanisms in the dorsal and ventral parts of the hippocampus. Ausführliche Beschreibung