Polyaniline-derived nitrogen- and oxygen-decorated hierarchical porous carbons as an efficient electrode material for supercapacitors

Abstract Polyaniline-derived oxygen- and nitrogen-decorated hierarchical porous carbons (N/O-HPC) are easily prepared by fast electrochemical polymerization combined with pyrolysis process. During the heating process, perchloric acid was decomposed to produce oxygen which could react with PANI-deriv...
Ausführliche Beschreibung

Abstract Polyaniline-derived oxygen- and nitrogen-decorated hierarchical porous carbons (N/O-HPC) are easily prepared by fast electrochemical polymerization combined with pyrolysis process. During the heating process, perchloric acid was decomposed to produce oxygen which could react with PANI-derived carbon to form a porous structure. The XPS results show the content of oxygen and nitrogen functional groups in the porous carbon matrix is 4.31% and 4.42%, respectively, and the BET results show that the specific surface area of the porous carbon is 1197.4 $ m^{2} $ $ g^{−1} $. The high content of oxygen and nitrogen functional groups as well as the high specific surface area is beneficial to N/O-HPC materials as supercapacitors. Typically, N/O-HPC displays a high specific capacitance of 419.8 F $ g^{−1} $, 179.8 F $ g^{−1} $, and 343.2 F $ g^{−1} $ at 0.2 A $ g^{−1} $ in 1 M $ H_{2} %$ SO_{4} $, 0.5 M $ K_{2} %$ SO_{4} $, and 6 M KOH electrolytes, respectively. Specially, the maintenance of capacitance is over 93% after 5000 cycles at 5 A $ g^{−1} $ in all three electrolyte solutions. The outstanding electrochemical performance of N/O-HPC can be ascribed to the introduction of nitrogen and oxygen functional groups in porous carbon matrix and the formation of special porous structure. Ausführliche Beschreibung