Measurement Invariance of the Satisfaction With Life Scale Across 26 Countries

The Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) is a commonly used life satisfaction scale. Cross-cultural researchers use SWLS to compare mean scores of life satisfaction across countries. Despite the wide use of SWLS in cross-cultural studies, measurement invariance of SWLS has rarely been investigated, a...
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Autor*in:	Jang, Seulki [verfasserIn] Kim, Eun Sook [verfasserIn] Cao, Chunhua [verfasserIn] Allen, Tammy D. [verfasserIn] Cooper, Cary L. [verfasserIn] Lapierre, Laurent M. [verfasserIn] O’Driscoll, Michael P. [verfasserIn] Sanchez, Juan I. [verfasserIn] Spector, Paul E. [verfasserIn] Poelmans, Steven A. Y. [verfasserIn] Abarca, Nureya [verfasserIn] Alexandrova, Matilda [verfasserIn] Antoniou, Alexandros-Stamatios [verfasserIn] Beham, Barbara [verfasserIn] Brough, Paula [verfasserIn] Carikci, Ilker [verfasserIn] Ferreiro, Pablo [verfasserIn] Fraile, Guillermo [verfasserIn] Geurts, Sabine [verfasserIn] Kinnunen, Ulla [verfasserIn] Lu, Chang-qin [verfasserIn] Lu, Luo [verfasserIn] Moreno-Velázquez, Ivonne F [verfasserIn] Pagon, Milan [verfasserIn] Pitariu, Horea [verfasserIn] Salamatov, Volodymyr [verfasserIn] Siu, Oi-ling [verfasserIn] Shima, Satoru [verfasserIn] Schulmeyer, Marion K. [verfasserIn] Tillemann, Kati [verfasserIn] Widerszal-Bazyl, Maria [verfasserIn] Woo, Jong-Min [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2017

Schlagwörter:	cross-cultural differences measurement/statistics multilevel multiple indicators multiple causes (ML-MIMIC) alignment optimization method multilevel confirmatory factor analysis (ML-CFA) multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA) measurement invaraince satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) life satisfaction

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Journal of cross-cultural psychology - Thousand Oaks, Calif. [u.a.] : Sage, 1970, 48(2017), 4, Seite 560-576
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:48 ; year:2017 ; number:4 ; pages:560-576

Links:	Link aufrufen

DOI / URN:	10.1177/0022022117697844

Katalog-ID:	1809892031

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520			\|a The Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) is a commonly used life satisfaction scale. Cross-cultural researchers use SWLS to compare mean scores of life satisfaction across countries. Despite the wide use of SWLS in cross-cultural studies, measurement invariance of SWLS has rarely been investigated, and previous studies showed inconsistent findings. Therefore, we examined the measurement invariance of SWLS with samples collected from 26 countries. To test measurement invariance, we utilized three measurement invariance techniques: (a) multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA), (b) multilevel confirmatory factor analysis (ML-CFA), and (c) alignment optimization methods. The three methods demonstrated that configural and metric invariances of life satisfaction held across 26 countries, whereas scalar invariance did not. With partial invariance testing, we identified that the intercepts of Items 2, 4, and 5 were noninvariant. Based on two invariant intercepts, factor means of countries were compared. Chile showed the highest factor mean; Spain and Bulgaria showed the lowest. The findings enhance our understanding of life satisfaction across countries, and they provide researchers and practitioners with practical guidance on how to conduct measurement invariance testing across countries.
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650		4	\|a multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA)
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700	1		\|a Cooper, Cary L. \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Lapierre, Laurent M. \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
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700	1		\|a Sanchez, Juan I. \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
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700	1		\|a Widerszal-Bazyl, Maria \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
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allfields	10.1177/0022022117697844 doi (DE-627)1809892031 (DE-599)KXP1809892031 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng Jang, Seulki verfasserin aut Measurement Invariance of the Satisfaction With Life Scale Across 26 Countries 2017 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) is a commonly used life satisfaction scale. Cross-cultural researchers use SWLS to compare mean scores of life satisfaction across countries. Despite the wide use of SWLS in cross-cultural studies, measurement invariance of SWLS has rarely been investigated, and previous studies showed inconsistent findings. Therefore, we examined the measurement invariance of SWLS with samples collected from 26 countries. To test measurement invariance, we utilized three measurement invariance techniques: (a) multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA), (b) multilevel confirmatory factor analysis (ML-CFA), and (c) alignment optimization methods. The three methods demonstrated that configural and metric invariances of life satisfaction held across 26 countries, whereas scalar invariance did not. With partial invariance testing, we identified that the intercepts of Items 2, 4, and 5 were noninvariant. Based on two invariant intercepts, factor means of countries were compared. Chile showed the highest factor mean; Spain and Bulgaria showed the lowest. The findings enhance our understanding of life satisfaction across countries, and they provide researchers and practitioners with practical guidance on how to conduct measurement invariance testing across countries. cross-cultural differences measurement/statistics multilevel multiple indicators multiple causes (ML-MIMIC) alignment optimization method multilevel confirmatory factor analysis (ML-CFA) multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA) measurement invaraince satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) life satisfaction Kim, Eun Sook verfasserin aut Cao, Chunhua verfasserin aut Allen, Tammy D. verfasserin aut Cooper, Cary L. verfasserin aut Lapierre, Laurent M. verfasserin aut O’Driscoll, Michael P. verfasserin aut Sanchez, Juan I. verfasserin aut Spector, Paul E. verfasserin aut Poelmans, Steven A. Y. verfasserin aut Abarca, Nureya verfasserin aut Alexandrova, Matilda verfasserin aut Antoniou, Alexandros-Stamatios verfasserin aut Beham, Barbara verfasserin aut Brough, Paula verfasserin aut Carikci, Ilker verfasserin aut Ferreiro, Pablo verfasserin aut Fraile, Guillermo verfasserin aut Geurts, Sabine verfasserin aut Kinnunen, Ulla verfasserin aut Lu, Chang-qin verfasserin aut Lu, Luo verfasserin aut Moreno-Velázquez, Ivonne F verfasserin aut Pagon, Milan verfasserin aut Pitariu, Horea verfasserin aut Salamatov, Volodymyr verfasserin aut Siu, Oi-ling verfasserin aut Shima, Satoru verfasserin aut Schulmeyer, Marion K. verfasserin aut Tillemann, Kati verfasserin aut Widerszal-Bazyl, Maria verfasserin aut Woo, Jong-Min verfasserin aut Enthalten in Journal of cross-cultural psychology Thousand Oaks, Calif. [u.a.] : Sage, 1970 48(2017), 4, Seite 560-576 Online-Ressource (DE-627)320615251 (DE-600)2021892-8 (DE-576)094054746 1552-5422 nnns volume:48 year:2017 number:4 pages:560-576 https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022117697844 Resolving-System lizenzpflichtig GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ILN_2019 ISIL_DE-Tue135 SYSFLAG_1 GBV_KXP GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_121 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_165 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_374 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_647 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2036 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2043 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2070 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2098 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2125 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2145 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2158 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2193 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_2705 GBV_ILN_2889 GBV_ILN_2890 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4277 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4346 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 GBV_ILN_4753 AR 48 2017 4 560-576 2019 01 DE-Tü135 4164301414 00 --%%-- --%%-- --%%-- n l01 12-07-22
spelling	10.1177/0022022117697844 doi (DE-627)1809892031 (DE-599)KXP1809892031 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng Jang, Seulki verfasserin aut Measurement Invariance of the Satisfaction With Life Scale Across 26 Countries 2017 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) is a commonly used life satisfaction scale. Cross-cultural researchers use SWLS to compare mean scores of life satisfaction across countries. Despite the wide use of SWLS in cross-cultural studies, measurement invariance of SWLS has rarely been investigated, and previous studies showed inconsistent findings. Therefore, we examined the measurement invariance of SWLS with samples collected from 26 countries. To test measurement invariance, we utilized three measurement invariance techniques: (a) multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA), (b) multilevel confirmatory factor analysis (ML-CFA), and (c) alignment optimization methods. The three methods demonstrated that configural and metric invariances of life satisfaction held across 26 countries, whereas scalar invariance did not. With partial invariance testing, we identified that the intercepts of Items 2, 4, and 5 were noninvariant. Based on two invariant intercepts, factor means of countries were compared. Chile showed the highest factor mean; Spain and Bulgaria showed the lowest. The findings enhance our understanding of life satisfaction across countries, and they provide researchers and practitioners with practical guidance on how to conduct measurement invariance testing across countries. cross-cultural differences measurement/statistics multilevel multiple indicators multiple causes (ML-MIMIC) alignment optimization method multilevel confirmatory factor analysis (ML-CFA) multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA) measurement invaraince satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) life satisfaction Kim, Eun Sook verfasserin aut Cao, Chunhua verfasserin aut Allen, Tammy D. verfasserin aut Cooper, Cary L. verfasserin aut Lapierre, Laurent M. verfasserin aut O’Driscoll, Michael P. verfasserin aut Sanchez, Juan I. verfasserin aut Spector, Paul E. verfasserin aut Poelmans, Steven A. Y. verfasserin aut Abarca, Nureya verfasserin aut Alexandrova, Matilda verfasserin aut Antoniou, Alexandros-Stamatios verfasserin aut Beham, Barbara verfasserin aut Brough, Paula verfasserin aut Carikci, Ilker verfasserin aut Ferreiro, Pablo verfasserin aut Fraile, Guillermo verfasserin aut Geurts, Sabine verfasserin aut Kinnunen, Ulla verfasserin aut Lu, Chang-qin verfasserin aut Lu, Luo verfasserin aut Moreno-Velázquez, Ivonne F verfasserin aut Pagon, Milan verfasserin aut Pitariu, Horea verfasserin aut Salamatov, Volodymyr verfasserin aut Siu, Oi-ling verfasserin aut Shima, Satoru verfasserin aut Schulmeyer, Marion K. verfasserin aut Tillemann, Kati verfasserin aut Widerszal-Bazyl, Maria verfasserin aut Woo, Jong-Min verfasserin aut Enthalten in Journal of cross-cultural psychology Thousand Oaks, Calif. [u.a.] : Sage, 1970 48(2017), 4, Seite 560-576 Online-Ressource (DE-627)320615251 (DE-600)2021892-8 (DE-576)094054746 1552-5422 nnns volume:48 year:2017 number:4 pages:560-576 https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022117697844 Resolving-System lizenzpflichtig GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ILN_2019 ISIL_DE-Tue135 SYSFLAG_1 GBV_KXP GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_121 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_165 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_374 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_647 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2036 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2043 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2070 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2098 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2125 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2145 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2158 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2193 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_2705 GBV_ILN_2889 GBV_ILN_2890 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4277 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4346 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 GBV_ILN_4753 AR 48 2017 4 560-576 2019 01 DE-Tü135 4164301414 00 --%%-- --%%-- --%%-- n l01 12-07-22
allfields_unstemmed	10.1177/0022022117697844 doi (DE-627)1809892031 (DE-599)KXP1809892031 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng Jang, Seulki verfasserin aut Measurement Invariance of the Satisfaction With Life Scale Across 26 Countries 2017 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) is a commonly used life satisfaction scale. Cross-cultural researchers use SWLS to compare mean scores of life satisfaction across countries. Despite the wide use of SWLS in cross-cultural studies, measurement invariance of SWLS has rarely been investigated, and previous studies showed inconsistent findings. Therefore, we examined the measurement invariance of SWLS with samples collected from 26 countries. To test measurement invariance, we utilized three measurement invariance techniques: (a) multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA), (b) multilevel confirmatory factor analysis (ML-CFA), and (c) alignment optimization methods. The three methods demonstrated that configural and metric invariances of life satisfaction held across 26 countries, whereas scalar invariance did not. With partial invariance testing, we identified that the intercepts of Items 2, 4, and 5 were noninvariant. Based on two invariant intercepts, factor means of countries were compared. Chile showed the highest factor mean; Spain and Bulgaria showed the lowest. The findings enhance our understanding of life satisfaction across countries, and they provide researchers and practitioners with practical guidance on how to conduct measurement invariance testing across countries. cross-cultural differences measurement/statistics multilevel multiple indicators multiple causes (ML-MIMIC) alignment optimization method multilevel confirmatory factor analysis (ML-CFA) multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA) measurement invaraince satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) life satisfaction Kim, Eun Sook verfasserin aut Cao, Chunhua verfasserin aut Allen, Tammy D. verfasserin aut Cooper, Cary L. verfasserin aut Lapierre, Laurent M. verfasserin aut O’Driscoll, Michael P. verfasserin aut Sanchez, Juan I. verfasserin aut Spector, Paul E. verfasserin aut Poelmans, Steven A. Y. verfasserin aut Abarca, Nureya verfasserin aut Alexandrova, Matilda verfasserin aut Antoniou, Alexandros-Stamatios verfasserin aut Beham, Barbara verfasserin aut Brough, Paula verfasserin aut Carikci, Ilker verfasserin aut Ferreiro, Pablo verfasserin aut Fraile, Guillermo verfasserin aut Geurts, Sabine verfasserin aut Kinnunen, Ulla verfasserin aut Lu, Chang-qin verfasserin aut Lu, Luo verfasserin aut Moreno-Velázquez, Ivonne F verfasserin aut Pagon, Milan verfasserin aut Pitariu, Horea verfasserin aut Salamatov, Volodymyr verfasserin aut Siu, Oi-ling verfasserin aut Shima, Satoru verfasserin aut Schulmeyer, Marion K. verfasserin aut Tillemann, Kati verfasserin aut Widerszal-Bazyl, Maria verfasserin aut Woo, Jong-Min verfasserin aut Enthalten in Journal of cross-cultural psychology Thousand Oaks, Calif. [u.a.] : Sage, 1970 48(2017), 4, Seite 560-576 Online-Ressource (DE-627)320615251 (DE-600)2021892-8 (DE-576)094054746 1552-5422 nnns volume:48 year:2017 number:4 pages:560-576 https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022117697844 Resolving-System lizenzpflichtig GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ILN_2019 ISIL_DE-Tue135 SYSFLAG_1 GBV_KXP GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_121 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_165 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_374 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_647 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2036 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2043 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2070 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2098 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2125 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2145 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2158 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2193 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_2705 GBV_ILN_2889 GBV_ILN_2890 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4277 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4346 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 GBV_ILN_4753 AR 48 2017 4 560-576 2019 01 DE-Tü135 4164301414 00 --%%-- --%%-- --%%-- n l01 12-07-22
allfieldsGer	10.1177/0022022117697844 doi (DE-627)1809892031 (DE-599)KXP1809892031 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng Jang, Seulki verfasserin aut Measurement Invariance of the Satisfaction With Life Scale Across 26 Countries 2017 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) is a commonly used life satisfaction scale. Cross-cultural researchers use SWLS to compare mean scores of life satisfaction across countries. Despite the wide use of SWLS in cross-cultural studies, measurement invariance of SWLS has rarely been investigated, and previous studies showed inconsistent findings. Therefore, we examined the measurement invariance of SWLS with samples collected from 26 countries. To test measurement invariance, we utilized three measurement invariance techniques: (a) multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA), (b) multilevel confirmatory factor analysis (ML-CFA), and (c) alignment optimization methods. The three methods demonstrated that configural and metric invariances of life satisfaction held across 26 countries, whereas scalar invariance did not. With partial invariance testing, we identified that the intercepts of Items 2, 4, and 5 were noninvariant. Based on two invariant intercepts, factor means of countries were compared. Chile showed the highest factor mean; Spain and Bulgaria showed the lowest. The findings enhance our understanding of life satisfaction across countries, and they provide researchers and practitioners with practical guidance on how to conduct measurement invariance testing across countries. cross-cultural differences measurement/statistics multilevel multiple indicators multiple causes (ML-MIMIC) alignment optimization method multilevel confirmatory factor analysis (ML-CFA) multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA) measurement invaraince satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) life satisfaction Kim, Eun Sook verfasserin aut Cao, Chunhua verfasserin aut Allen, Tammy D. verfasserin aut Cooper, Cary L. verfasserin aut Lapierre, Laurent M. verfasserin aut O’Driscoll, Michael P. verfasserin aut Sanchez, Juan I. verfasserin aut Spector, Paul E. verfasserin aut Poelmans, Steven A. Y. verfasserin aut Abarca, Nureya verfasserin aut Alexandrova, Matilda verfasserin aut Antoniou, Alexandros-Stamatios verfasserin aut Beham, Barbara verfasserin aut Brough, Paula verfasserin aut Carikci, Ilker verfasserin aut Ferreiro, Pablo verfasserin aut Fraile, Guillermo verfasserin aut Geurts, Sabine verfasserin aut Kinnunen, Ulla verfasserin aut Lu, Chang-qin verfasserin aut Lu, Luo verfasserin aut Moreno-Velázquez, Ivonne F verfasserin aut Pagon, Milan verfasserin aut Pitariu, Horea verfasserin aut Salamatov, Volodymyr verfasserin aut Siu, Oi-ling verfasserin aut Shima, Satoru verfasserin aut Schulmeyer, Marion K. verfasserin aut Tillemann, Kati verfasserin aut Widerszal-Bazyl, Maria verfasserin aut Woo, Jong-Min verfasserin aut Enthalten in Journal of cross-cultural psychology Thousand Oaks, Calif. [u.a.] : Sage, 1970 48(2017), 4, Seite 560-576 Online-Ressource (DE-627)320615251 (DE-600)2021892-8 (DE-576)094054746 1552-5422 nnns volume:48 year:2017 number:4 pages:560-576 https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022117697844 Resolving-System lizenzpflichtig GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ILN_2019 ISIL_DE-Tue135 SYSFLAG_1 GBV_KXP GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_121 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_165 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_374 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_647 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2036 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2043 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2070 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2098 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2125 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2145 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2158 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2193 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_2705 GBV_ILN_2889 GBV_ILN_2890 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4277 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4346 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 GBV_ILN_4753 AR 48 2017 4 560-576 2019 01 DE-Tü135 4164301414 00 --%%-- --%%-- --%%-- n l01 12-07-22
allfieldsSound	10.1177/0022022117697844 doi (DE-627)1809892031 (DE-599)KXP1809892031 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng Jang, Seulki verfasserin aut Measurement Invariance of the Satisfaction With Life Scale Across 26 Countries 2017 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) is a commonly used life satisfaction scale. Cross-cultural researchers use SWLS to compare mean scores of life satisfaction across countries. Despite the wide use of SWLS in cross-cultural studies, measurement invariance of SWLS has rarely been investigated, and previous studies showed inconsistent findings. Therefore, we examined the measurement invariance of SWLS with samples collected from 26 countries. To test measurement invariance, we utilized three measurement invariance techniques: (a) multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA), (b) multilevel confirmatory factor analysis (ML-CFA), and (c) alignment optimization methods. The three methods demonstrated that configural and metric invariances of life satisfaction held across 26 countries, whereas scalar invariance did not. With partial invariance testing, we identified that the intercepts of Items 2, 4, and 5 were noninvariant. Based on two invariant intercepts, factor means of countries were compared. Chile showed the highest factor mean; Spain and Bulgaria showed the lowest. The findings enhance our understanding of life satisfaction across countries, and they provide researchers and practitioners with practical guidance on how to conduct measurement invariance testing across countries. cross-cultural differences measurement/statistics multilevel multiple indicators multiple causes (ML-MIMIC) alignment optimization method multilevel confirmatory factor analysis (ML-CFA) multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA) measurement invaraince satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) life satisfaction Kim, Eun Sook verfasserin aut Cao, Chunhua verfasserin aut Allen, Tammy D. verfasserin aut Cooper, Cary L. verfasserin aut Lapierre, Laurent M. verfasserin aut O’Driscoll, Michael P. verfasserin aut Sanchez, Juan I. verfasserin aut Spector, Paul E. verfasserin aut Poelmans, Steven A. Y. verfasserin aut Abarca, Nureya verfasserin aut Alexandrova, Matilda verfasserin aut Antoniou, Alexandros-Stamatios verfasserin aut Beham, Barbara verfasserin aut Brough, Paula verfasserin aut Carikci, Ilker verfasserin aut Ferreiro, Pablo verfasserin aut Fraile, Guillermo verfasserin aut Geurts, Sabine verfasserin aut Kinnunen, Ulla verfasserin aut Lu, Chang-qin verfasserin aut Lu, Luo verfasserin aut Moreno-Velázquez, Ivonne F verfasserin aut Pagon, Milan verfasserin aut Pitariu, Horea verfasserin aut Salamatov, Volodymyr verfasserin aut Siu, Oi-ling verfasserin aut Shima, Satoru verfasserin aut Schulmeyer, Marion K. verfasserin aut Tillemann, Kati verfasserin aut Widerszal-Bazyl, Maria verfasserin aut Woo, Jong-Min verfasserin aut Enthalten in Journal of cross-cultural psychology Thousand Oaks, Calif. [u.a.] : Sage, 1970 48(2017), 4, Seite 560-576 Online-Ressource (DE-627)320615251 (DE-600)2021892-8 (DE-576)094054746 1552-5422 nnns volume:48 year:2017 number:4 pages:560-576 https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022117697844 Resolving-System lizenzpflichtig GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ILN_2019 ISIL_DE-Tue135 SYSFLAG_1 GBV_KXP GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_121 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_165 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_374 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_647 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2036 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2043 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2070 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2098 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2125 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2145 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2158 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2193 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_2705 GBV_ILN_2889 GBV_ILN_2890 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4277 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4346 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 GBV_ILN_4753 AR 48 2017 4 560-576 2019 01 DE-Tü135 4164301414 00 --%%-- --%%-- --%%-- n l01 12-07-22
language	English
source	Enthalten in Journal of cross-cultural psychology 48(2017), 4, Seite 560-576 volume:48 year:2017 number:4 pages:560-576
sourceStr	Enthalten in Journal of cross-cultural psychology 48(2017), 4, Seite 560-576 volume:48 year:2017 number:4 pages:560-576
format_phy_str_mv	Article
building	2019:0
institution	findex.gbv.de
selectbib_iln_str_mv	2019@01
topic_facet	cross-cultural differences measurement/statistics multilevel multiple indicators multiple causes (ML-MIMIC) alignment optimization method multilevel confirmatory factor analysis (ML-CFA) multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA) measurement invaraince satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) life satisfaction
isfreeaccess_bool	false
container_title	Journal of cross-cultural psychology
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Jang, Seulki @@aut@@ Kim, Eun Sook @@aut@@ Cao, Chunhua @@aut@@ Allen, Tammy D. @@aut@@ Cooper, Cary L. @@aut@@ Lapierre, Laurent M. @@aut@@ O’Driscoll, Michael P. @@aut@@ Sanchez, Juan I. @@aut@@ Spector, Paul E. @@aut@@ Poelmans, Steven A. Y. @@aut@@ Abarca, Nureya @@aut@@ Alexandrova, Matilda @@aut@@ Antoniou, Alexandros-Stamatios @@aut@@ Beham, Barbara @@aut@@ Brough, Paula @@aut@@ Carikci, Ilker @@aut@@ Ferreiro, Pablo @@aut@@ Fraile, Guillermo @@aut@@ Geurts, Sabine @@aut@@ Kinnunen, Ulla @@aut@@ Lu, Chang-qin @@aut@@ Lu, Luo @@aut@@ Moreno-Velázquez, Ivonne F @@aut@@ Pagon, Milan @@aut@@ Pitariu, Horea @@aut@@ Salamatov, Volodymyr @@aut@@ Siu, Oi-ling @@aut@@ Shima, Satoru @@aut@@ Schulmeyer, Marion K. @@aut@@ Tillemann, Kati @@aut@@ Widerszal-Bazyl, Maria @@aut@@ Woo, Jong-Min @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2017-01-01T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	320615251
id	1809892031
language_de	englisch
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Cross-cultural researchers use SWLS to compare mean scores of life satisfaction across countries. Despite the wide use of SWLS in cross-cultural studies, measurement invariance of SWLS has rarely been investigated, and previous studies showed inconsistent findings. Therefore, we examined the measurement invariance of SWLS with samples collected from 26 countries. To test measurement invariance, we utilized three measurement invariance techniques: (a) multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA), (b) multilevel confirmatory factor analysis (ML-CFA), and (c) alignment optimization methods. The three methods demonstrated that configural and metric invariances of life satisfaction held across 26 countries, whereas scalar invariance did not. With partial invariance testing, we identified that the intercepts of Items 2, 4, and 5 were noninvariant. Based on two invariant intercepts, factor means of countries were compared. 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author	Jang, Seulki
spellingShingle	Jang, Seulki misc cross-cultural differences misc measurement/statistics misc multilevel multiple indicators multiple causes (ML-MIMIC) misc alignment optimization method misc multilevel confirmatory factor analysis (ML-CFA) misc multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA) misc measurement invaraince misc satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) misc life satisfaction Measurement Invariance of the Satisfaction With Life Scale Across 26 Countries
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topic_title	Measurement Invariance of the Satisfaction With Life Scale Across 26 Countries cross-cultural differences measurement/statistics multilevel multiple indicators multiple causes (ML-MIMIC) alignment optimization method multilevel confirmatory factor analysis (ML-CFA) multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA) measurement invaraince satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) life satisfaction
topic	misc cross-cultural differences misc measurement/statistics misc multilevel multiple indicators multiple causes (ML-MIMIC) misc alignment optimization method misc multilevel confirmatory factor analysis (ML-CFA) misc multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA) misc measurement invaraince misc satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) misc life satisfaction
topic_unstemmed	misc cross-cultural differences misc measurement/statistics misc multilevel multiple indicators multiple causes (ML-MIMIC) misc alignment optimization method misc multilevel confirmatory factor analysis (ML-CFA) misc multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA) misc measurement invaraince misc satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) misc life satisfaction
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title	Measurement Invariance of the Satisfaction With Life Scale Across 26 Countries
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title_full	Measurement Invariance of the Satisfaction With Life Scale Across 26 Countries
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author_browse	Jang, Seulki Kim, Eun Sook Cao, Chunhua Allen, Tammy D. Cooper, Cary L. Lapierre, Laurent M. O’Driscoll, Michael P. Sanchez, Juan I. Spector, Paul E. Poelmans, Steven A. Y. Abarca, Nureya Alexandrova, Matilda Antoniou, Alexandros-Stamatios Beham, Barbara Brough, Paula Carikci, Ilker Ferreiro, Pablo Fraile, Guillermo Geurts, Sabine Kinnunen, Ulla Lu, Chang-qin Lu, Luo Moreno-Velázquez, Ivonne F Pagon, Milan Pitariu, Horea Salamatov, Volodymyr Siu, Oi-ling Shima, Satoru Schulmeyer, Marion K. Tillemann, Kati Widerszal-Bazyl, Maria Woo, Jong-Min
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title_sort	measurement invariance of the satisfaction with life scale across 26 countries
title_auth	Measurement Invariance of the Satisfaction With Life Scale Across 26 Countries
abstract	The Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) is a commonly used life satisfaction scale. Cross-cultural researchers use SWLS to compare mean scores of life satisfaction across countries. Despite the wide use of SWLS in cross-cultural studies, measurement invariance of SWLS has rarely been investigated, and previous studies showed inconsistent findings. Therefore, we examined the measurement invariance of SWLS with samples collected from 26 countries. To test measurement invariance, we utilized three measurement invariance techniques: (a) multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA), (b) multilevel confirmatory factor analysis (ML-CFA), and (c) alignment optimization methods. The three methods demonstrated that configural and metric invariances of life satisfaction held across 26 countries, whereas scalar invariance did not. With partial invariance testing, we identified that the intercepts of Items 2, 4, and 5 were noninvariant. Based on two invariant intercepts, factor means of countries were compared. Chile showed the highest factor mean; Spain and Bulgaria showed the lowest. The findings enhance our understanding of life satisfaction across countries, and they provide researchers and practitioners with practical guidance on how to conduct measurement invariance testing across countries.
abstractGer	The Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) is a commonly used life satisfaction scale. Cross-cultural researchers use SWLS to compare mean scores of life satisfaction across countries. Despite the wide use of SWLS in cross-cultural studies, measurement invariance of SWLS has rarely been investigated, and previous studies showed inconsistent findings. Therefore, we examined the measurement invariance of SWLS with samples collected from 26 countries. To test measurement invariance, we utilized three measurement invariance techniques: (a) multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA), (b) multilevel confirmatory factor analysis (ML-CFA), and (c) alignment optimization methods. The three methods demonstrated that configural and metric invariances of life satisfaction held across 26 countries, whereas scalar invariance did not. With partial invariance testing, we identified that the intercepts of Items 2, 4, and 5 were noninvariant. Based on two invariant intercepts, factor means of countries were compared. Chile showed the highest factor mean; Spain and Bulgaria showed the lowest. The findings enhance our understanding of life satisfaction across countries, and they provide researchers and practitioners with practical guidance on how to conduct measurement invariance testing across countries.
abstract_unstemmed	The Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) is a commonly used life satisfaction scale. Cross-cultural researchers use SWLS to compare mean scores of life satisfaction across countries. Despite the wide use of SWLS in cross-cultural studies, measurement invariance of SWLS has rarely been investigated, and previous studies showed inconsistent findings. Therefore, we examined the measurement invariance of SWLS with samples collected from 26 countries. To test measurement invariance, we utilized three measurement invariance techniques: (a) multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA), (b) multilevel confirmatory factor analysis (ML-CFA), and (c) alignment optimization methods. The three methods demonstrated that configural and metric invariances of life satisfaction held across 26 countries, whereas scalar invariance did not. With partial invariance testing, we identified that the intercepts of Items 2, 4, and 5 were noninvariant. Based on two invariant intercepts, factor means of countries were compared. Chile showed the highest factor mean; Spain and Bulgaria showed the lowest. The findings enhance our understanding of life satisfaction across countries, and they provide researchers and practitioners with practical guidance on how to conduct measurement invariance testing across countries.
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title_short	Measurement Invariance of the Satisfaction With Life Scale Across 26 Countries
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Cross-cultural researchers use SWLS to compare mean scores of life satisfaction across countries. Despite the wide use of SWLS in cross-cultural studies, measurement invariance of SWLS has rarely been investigated, and previous studies showed inconsistent findings. Therefore, we examined the measurement invariance of SWLS with samples collected from 26 countries. To test measurement invariance, we utilized three measurement invariance techniques: (a) multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA), (b) multilevel confirmatory factor analysis (ML-CFA), and (c) alignment optimization methods. The three methods demonstrated that configural and metric invariances of life satisfaction held across 26 countries, whereas scalar invariance did not. With partial invariance testing, we identified that the intercepts of Items 2, 4, and 5 were noninvariant. Based on two invariant intercepts, factor means of countries were compared. Chile showed the highest factor mean; Spain and Bulgaria showed the lowest. 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