Crossing geographical, legal and moral boundaries: the Belgian cigarette black market

Objectives: To describe and analyse the cigarette smuggling trade in Belgium and its role in the international cigarette black market. Design: Analysis of Belgian customs and prosecution files concerning the cigarette smuggling trade in the period 2000 to 2006 and interviews with law enforcement aut...
Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Balcaen, Annelies [verfasserIn] Verpoest, Karen [verfasserIn] Vander Laenen, Freya [verfasserIn] Vander Beken, Tom [verfasserIn] Janssens, Jelle [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2008

Schlagwörter:	research

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Tobacco control - London : BMJ Publ. Group, 1992, (2008)
Übergeordnetes Werk:	year:2008

Links:	Volltext Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1136/tc.2007.022749

Katalog-ID:	1866134795

Internformat


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245	1	0	\|a Crossing geographical, legal and moral boundaries: the Belgian cigarette black market
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520			\|a Objectives: To describe and analyse the cigarette smuggling trade in Belgium and its role in the international cigarette black market. Design: Analysis of Belgian customs and prosecution files concerning the cigarette smuggling trade in the period 2000 to 2006 and interviews with law enforcement authorities and private tobacco industry. Results: Analyses were made of the geographical aspects, the modus operandi and the participants of the cigarette smuggling trade in Belgium. Belgium is mainly a transit country. The cigarettes are transported via the fine-meshed Belgian highway network to the UK, which is often the destination country of the cigarettes. China is the most popular country of origin, especially for counterfeited cigarettes. In order to transport the cigarettes often use was made of legal transport companies and warehouses were frequently used to store the cigarettes. Many of the persons involved in the Belgian cigarette smuggling trade are strongly connected to legitimate business activities. Conclusions: Belgium is an important transit country for cigarette smuggling to the UK. This study pictures the illicit tobacco trade as a complex, ambiguous phenomenon involving several legal and illegal participants whereby the transit of cigarettes across the licit/illicit divide is paralleled by the moral careers of those who smuggle them, not to mention those who consume them. From the legal world to the illegal and back again, this trade and its practitioners and customers blur the line between criminality and non- criminality. Dealing with this phenomenon therefore requires more than a strategy focusing on these lawbreakers alone
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912			\|a GBV_ILN_32
912			\|a GBV_ILN_39
912			\|a GBV_ILN_40
912			\|a GBV_ILN_60
912			\|a GBV_ILN_62
912			\|a GBV_ILN_63
912			\|a GBV_ILN_65
912			\|a GBV_ILN_69
912			\|a GBV_ILN_70
912			\|a GBV_ILN_73
912			\|a GBV_ILN_74
912			\|a GBV_ILN_90
912			\|a GBV_ILN_100
912			\|a GBV_ILN_101
912			\|a GBV_ILN_105
912			\|a GBV_ILN_110
912			\|a GBV_ILN_120
912			\|a GBV_ILN_121
912			\|a GBV_ILN_150
912			\|a GBV_ILN_161
912			\|a GBV_ILN_170
912			\|a GBV_ILN_171
912			\|a GBV_ILN_187
912			\|a GBV_ILN_206
912			\|a GBV_ILN_213
912			\|a GBV_ILN_230
912			\|a GBV_ILN_285
912			\|a GBV_ILN_293
912			\|a GBV_ILN_370
912			\|a GBV_ILN_374
912			\|a GBV_ILN_602
912			\|a GBV_ILN_647
912			\|a GBV_ILN_702
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2001
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2003
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2005
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2006
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2007
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2008
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2009
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2010
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2011
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2014
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2015
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2018
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2020
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2021
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2025
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2026
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2027
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2031
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2034
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2037
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2038
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2044
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2049
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2050
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2056
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2057
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2061
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2064
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2093
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2107
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2108
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2110
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2111
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2113
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2116
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2119
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2129
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2147
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2148
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2153
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2190
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2336
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2446
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2472
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2522
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2893
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2943
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2946
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2949
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2951
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2992
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4012
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4035
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4037
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4046
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4112
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4125
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4126
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4242
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4246
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4249
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4251
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4277
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4305
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4306
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4307
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4313
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4322
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4323
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4324
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4325
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4326
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4328
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4333
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4335
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4336
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4346
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4367
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4393
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4753
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2403
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2403
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matchkey_str	article:14683318:2008----::rsigegahcleaadoabudreteegac
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publishDate	2008
allfields	10.1136/tc.2007.022749 doi (DE-627)1866134795 (DE-599)KXP1866134795 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 2,1 ssgn Balcaen, Annelies verfasserin aut Crossing geographical, legal and moral boundaries: the Belgian cigarette black market 2008 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Objectives: To describe and analyse the cigarette smuggling trade in Belgium and its role in the international cigarette black market. Design: Analysis of Belgian customs and prosecution files concerning the cigarette smuggling trade in the period 2000 to 2006 and interviews with law enforcement authorities and private tobacco industry. Results: Analyses were made of the geographical aspects, the modus operandi and the participants of the cigarette smuggling trade in Belgium. Belgium is mainly a transit country. The cigarettes are transported via the fine-meshed Belgian highway network to the UK, which is often the destination country of the cigarettes. China is the most popular country of origin, especially for counterfeited cigarettes. In order to transport the cigarettes often use was made of legal transport companies and warehouses were frequently used to store the cigarettes. Many of the persons involved in the Belgian cigarette smuggling trade are strongly connected to legitimate business activities. Conclusions: Belgium is an important transit country for cigarette smuggling to the UK. This study pictures the illicit tobacco trade as a complex, ambiguous phenomenon involving several legal and illegal participants whereby the transit of cigarettes across the licit/illicit divide is paralleled by the moral careers of those who smuggle them, not to mention those who consume them. From the legal world to the illegal and back again, this trade and its practitioners and customers blur the line between criminality and non- criminality. Dealing with this phenomenon therefore requires more than a strategy focusing on these lawbreakers alone research Verpoest, Karen verfasserin aut Vander Laenen, Freya verfasserin aut Vander Beken, Tom verfasserin aut Janssens, Jelle verfasserin aut Enthalten in Tobacco control London : BMJ Publ. Group, 1992 (2008) Online-Ressource (DE-627)320489825 (DE-600)2010882-5 (DE-576)276271300 1468-3318 nnns year:2008 https://core.ac.uk/download/55795576.pdf Verlag kostenfrei Volltext https://doi.org/10.1136/tc.2007.022749 Resolving-System kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U NOMM GBV_ILN_2075 ISIL_DE-2619 SYSFLAG_1 GBV_KXP GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_121 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_374 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_647 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2893 GBV_ILN_2943 GBV_ILN_2946 GBV_ILN_2949 GBV_ILN_2951 GBV_ILN_2992 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4277 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4346 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4753 GBV_ILN_2403 GBV_ILN_2403 ISIL_DE-LFER mkri AR 2008 2075 01 DE-2619 4391815559 00 --%%-- --%%-- --%%-- n l01 18-10-23 2403 01 DE-LFER 4404869010 00 --%%-- --%%-- n --%%-- l01 10-11-23 2403 01 DE-LFER https://doi.org/10.1136/tc.2007.022749 2403 01 DE-LFER https://core.ac.uk/download/55795576.pdf
spelling	10.1136/tc.2007.022749 doi (DE-627)1866134795 (DE-599)KXP1866134795 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 2,1 ssgn Balcaen, Annelies verfasserin aut Crossing geographical, legal and moral boundaries: the Belgian cigarette black market 2008 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Objectives: To describe and analyse the cigarette smuggling trade in Belgium and its role in the international cigarette black market. Design: Analysis of Belgian customs and prosecution files concerning the cigarette smuggling trade in the period 2000 to 2006 and interviews with law enforcement authorities and private tobacco industry. Results: Analyses were made of the geographical aspects, the modus operandi and the participants of the cigarette smuggling trade in Belgium. Belgium is mainly a transit country. The cigarettes are transported via the fine-meshed Belgian highway network to the UK, which is often the destination country of the cigarettes. China is the most popular country of origin, especially for counterfeited cigarettes. In order to transport the cigarettes often use was made of legal transport companies and warehouses were frequently used to store the cigarettes. Many of the persons involved in the Belgian cigarette smuggling trade are strongly connected to legitimate business activities. Conclusions: Belgium is an important transit country for cigarette smuggling to the UK. This study pictures the illicit tobacco trade as a complex, ambiguous phenomenon involving several legal and illegal participants whereby the transit of cigarettes across the licit/illicit divide is paralleled by the moral careers of those who smuggle them, not to mention those who consume them. From the legal world to the illegal and back again, this trade and its practitioners and customers blur the line between criminality and non- criminality. Dealing with this phenomenon therefore requires more than a strategy focusing on these lawbreakers alone research Verpoest, Karen verfasserin aut Vander Laenen, Freya verfasserin aut Vander Beken, Tom verfasserin aut Janssens, Jelle verfasserin aut Enthalten in Tobacco control London : BMJ Publ. Group, 1992 (2008) Online-Ressource (DE-627)320489825 (DE-600)2010882-5 (DE-576)276271300 1468-3318 nnns year:2008 https://core.ac.uk/download/55795576.pdf Verlag kostenfrei Volltext https://doi.org/10.1136/tc.2007.022749 Resolving-System kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U NOMM GBV_ILN_2075 ISIL_DE-2619 SYSFLAG_1 GBV_KXP GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_121 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_374 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_647 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2893 GBV_ILN_2943 GBV_ILN_2946 GBV_ILN_2949 GBV_ILN_2951 GBV_ILN_2992 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4277 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4346 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4753 GBV_ILN_2403 GBV_ILN_2403 ISIL_DE-LFER mkri AR 2008 2075 01 DE-2619 4391815559 00 --%%-- --%%-- --%%-- n l01 18-10-23 2403 01 DE-LFER 4404869010 00 --%%-- --%%-- n --%%-- l01 10-11-23 2403 01 DE-LFER https://doi.org/10.1136/tc.2007.022749 2403 01 DE-LFER https://core.ac.uk/download/55795576.pdf
allfields_unstemmed	10.1136/tc.2007.022749 doi (DE-627)1866134795 (DE-599)KXP1866134795 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 2,1 ssgn Balcaen, Annelies verfasserin aut Crossing geographical, legal and moral boundaries: the Belgian cigarette black market 2008 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Objectives: To describe and analyse the cigarette smuggling trade in Belgium and its role in the international cigarette black market. Design: Analysis of Belgian customs and prosecution files concerning the cigarette smuggling trade in the period 2000 to 2006 and interviews with law enforcement authorities and private tobacco industry. Results: Analyses were made of the geographical aspects, the modus operandi and the participants of the cigarette smuggling trade in Belgium. Belgium is mainly a transit country. The cigarettes are transported via the fine-meshed Belgian highway network to the UK, which is often the destination country of the cigarettes. China is the most popular country of origin, especially for counterfeited cigarettes. In order to transport the cigarettes often use was made of legal transport companies and warehouses were frequently used to store the cigarettes. Many of the persons involved in the Belgian cigarette smuggling trade are strongly connected to legitimate business activities. Conclusions: Belgium is an important transit country for cigarette smuggling to the UK. This study pictures the illicit tobacco trade as a complex, ambiguous phenomenon involving several legal and illegal participants whereby the transit of cigarettes across the licit/illicit divide is paralleled by the moral careers of those who smuggle them, not to mention those who consume them. From the legal world to the illegal and back again, this trade and its practitioners and customers blur the line between criminality and non- criminality. Dealing with this phenomenon therefore requires more than a strategy focusing on these lawbreakers alone research Verpoest, Karen verfasserin aut Vander Laenen, Freya verfasserin aut Vander Beken, Tom verfasserin aut Janssens, Jelle verfasserin aut Enthalten in Tobacco control London : BMJ Publ. Group, 1992 (2008) Online-Ressource (DE-627)320489825 (DE-600)2010882-5 (DE-576)276271300 1468-3318 nnns year:2008 https://core.ac.uk/download/55795576.pdf Verlag kostenfrei Volltext https://doi.org/10.1136/tc.2007.022749 Resolving-System kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U NOMM GBV_ILN_2075 ISIL_DE-2619 SYSFLAG_1 GBV_KXP GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_121 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_374 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_647 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2893 GBV_ILN_2943 GBV_ILN_2946 GBV_ILN_2949 GBV_ILN_2951 GBV_ILN_2992 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4277 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4346 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4753 GBV_ILN_2403 GBV_ILN_2403 ISIL_DE-LFER mkri AR 2008 2075 01 DE-2619 4391815559 00 --%%-- --%%-- --%%-- n l01 18-10-23 2403 01 DE-LFER 4404869010 00 --%%-- --%%-- n --%%-- l01 10-11-23 2403 01 DE-LFER https://doi.org/10.1136/tc.2007.022749 2403 01 DE-LFER https://core.ac.uk/download/55795576.pdf
allfieldsGer	10.1136/tc.2007.022749 doi (DE-627)1866134795 (DE-599)KXP1866134795 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 2,1 ssgn Balcaen, Annelies verfasserin aut Crossing geographical, legal and moral boundaries: the Belgian cigarette black market 2008 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Objectives: To describe and analyse the cigarette smuggling trade in Belgium and its role in the international cigarette black market. Design: Analysis of Belgian customs and prosecution files concerning the cigarette smuggling trade in the period 2000 to 2006 and interviews with law enforcement authorities and private tobacco industry. Results: Analyses were made of the geographical aspects, the modus operandi and the participants of the cigarette smuggling trade in Belgium. Belgium is mainly a transit country. The cigarettes are transported via the fine-meshed Belgian highway network to the UK, which is often the destination country of the cigarettes. China is the most popular country of origin, especially for counterfeited cigarettes. In order to transport the cigarettes often use was made of legal transport companies and warehouses were frequently used to store the cigarettes. Many of the persons involved in the Belgian cigarette smuggling trade are strongly connected to legitimate business activities. Conclusions: Belgium is an important transit country for cigarette smuggling to the UK. This study pictures the illicit tobacco trade as a complex, ambiguous phenomenon involving several legal and illegal participants whereby the transit of cigarettes across the licit/illicit divide is paralleled by the moral careers of those who smuggle them, not to mention those who consume them. From the legal world to the illegal and back again, this trade and its practitioners and customers blur the line between criminality and non- criminality. Dealing with this phenomenon therefore requires more than a strategy focusing on these lawbreakers alone research Verpoest, Karen verfasserin aut Vander Laenen, Freya verfasserin aut Vander Beken, Tom verfasserin aut Janssens, Jelle verfasserin aut Enthalten in Tobacco control London : BMJ Publ. Group, 1992 (2008) Online-Ressource (DE-627)320489825 (DE-600)2010882-5 (DE-576)276271300 1468-3318 nnns year:2008 https://core.ac.uk/download/55795576.pdf Verlag kostenfrei Volltext https://doi.org/10.1136/tc.2007.022749 Resolving-System kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U NOMM GBV_ILN_2075 ISIL_DE-2619 SYSFLAG_1 GBV_KXP GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_121 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_374 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_647 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2893 GBV_ILN_2943 GBV_ILN_2946 GBV_ILN_2949 GBV_ILN_2951 GBV_ILN_2992 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4277 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4346 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4753 GBV_ILN_2403 GBV_ILN_2403 ISIL_DE-LFER mkri AR 2008 2075 01 DE-2619 4391815559 00 --%%-- --%%-- --%%-- n l01 18-10-23 2403 01 DE-LFER 4404869010 00 --%%-- --%%-- n --%%-- l01 10-11-23 2403 01 DE-LFER https://doi.org/10.1136/tc.2007.022749 2403 01 DE-LFER https://core.ac.uk/download/55795576.pdf
allfieldsSound	10.1136/tc.2007.022749 doi (DE-627)1866134795 (DE-599)KXP1866134795 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 2,1 ssgn Balcaen, Annelies verfasserin aut Crossing geographical, legal and moral boundaries: the Belgian cigarette black market 2008 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Objectives: To describe and analyse the cigarette smuggling trade in Belgium and its role in the international cigarette black market. Design: Analysis of Belgian customs and prosecution files concerning the cigarette smuggling trade in the period 2000 to 2006 and interviews with law enforcement authorities and private tobacco industry. Results: Analyses were made of the geographical aspects, the modus operandi and the participants of the cigarette smuggling trade in Belgium. Belgium is mainly a transit country. The cigarettes are transported via the fine-meshed Belgian highway network to the UK, which is often the destination country of the cigarettes. China is the most popular country of origin, especially for counterfeited cigarettes. In order to transport the cigarettes often use was made of legal transport companies and warehouses were frequently used to store the cigarettes. Many of the persons involved in the Belgian cigarette smuggling trade are strongly connected to legitimate business activities. Conclusions: Belgium is an important transit country for cigarette smuggling to the UK. This study pictures the illicit tobacco trade as a complex, ambiguous phenomenon involving several legal and illegal participants whereby the transit of cigarettes across the licit/illicit divide is paralleled by the moral careers of those who smuggle them, not to mention those who consume them. From the legal world to the illegal and back again, this trade and its practitioners and customers blur the line between criminality and non- criminality. Dealing with this phenomenon therefore requires more than a strategy focusing on these lawbreakers alone research Verpoest, Karen verfasserin aut Vander Laenen, Freya verfasserin aut Vander Beken, Tom verfasserin aut Janssens, Jelle verfasserin aut Enthalten in Tobacco control London : BMJ Publ. Group, 1992 (2008) Online-Ressource (DE-627)320489825 (DE-600)2010882-5 (DE-576)276271300 1468-3318 nnns year:2008 https://core.ac.uk/download/55795576.pdf Verlag kostenfrei Volltext https://doi.org/10.1136/tc.2007.022749 Resolving-System kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U NOMM GBV_ILN_2075 ISIL_DE-2619 SYSFLAG_1 GBV_KXP GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_121 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_374 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_647 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2893 GBV_ILN_2943 GBV_ILN_2946 GBV_ILN_2949 GBV_ILN_2951 GBV_ILN_2992 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4277 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4346 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4753 GBV_ILN_2403 GBV_ILN_2403 ISIL_DE-LFER mkri AR 2008 2075 01 DE-2619 4391815559 00 --%%-- --%%-- --%%-- n l01 18-10-23 2403 01 DE-LFER 4404869010 00 --%%-- --%%-- n --%%-- l01 10-11-23 2403 01 DE-LFER https://doi.org/10.1136/tc.2007.022749 2403 01 DE-LFER https://core.ac.uk/download/55795576.pdf
language	English
source	Enthalten in Tobacco control (2008) year:2008
sourceStr	Enthalten in Tobacco control (2008) year:2008
format_phy_str_mv	Article
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container_title	Tobacco control
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Balcaen, Annelies @@aut@@ Verpoest, Karen @@aut@@ Vander Laenen, Freya @@aut@@ Vander Beken, Tom @@aut@@ Janssens, Jelle @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2008-01-01T00:00:00Z
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title	Crossing geographical, legal and moral boundaries: the Belgian cigarette black market
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title_full	Crossing geographical, legal and moral boundaries: the Belgian cigarette black market
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title_sort	crossing geographical, legal and moral boundaries: the belgian cigarette black market
title_auth	Crossing geographical, legal and moral boundaries: the Belgian cigarette black market
abstract	Objectives: To describe and analyse the cigarette smuggling trade in Belgium and its role in the international cigarette black market. Design: Analysis of Belgian customs and prosecution files concerning the cigarette smuggling trade in the period 2000 to 2006 and interviews with law enforcement authorities and private tobacco industry. Results: Analyses were made of the geographical aspects, the modus operandi and the participants of the cigarette smuggling trade in Belgium. Belgium is mainly a transit country. The cigarettes are transported via the fine-meshed Belgian highway network to the UK, which is often the destination country of the cigarettes. China is the most popular country of origin, especially for counterfeited cigarettes. In order to transport the cigarettes often use was made of legal transport companies and warehouses were frequently used to store the cigarettes. Many of the persons involved in the Belgian cigarette smuggling trade are strongly connected to legitimate business activities. Conclusions: Belgium is an important transit country for cigarette smuggling to the UK. This study pictures the illicit tobacco trade as a complex, ambiguous phenomenon involving several legal and illegal participants whereby the transit of cigarettes across the licit/illicit divide is paralleled by the moral careers of those who smuggle them, not to mention those who consume them. From the legal world to the illegal and back again, this trade and its practitioners and customers blur the line between criminality and non- criminality. Dealing with this phenomenon therefore requires more than a strategy focusing on these lawbreakers alone
abstractGer	Objectives: To describe and analyse the cigarette smuggling trade in Belgium and its role in the international cigarette black market. Design: Analysis of Belgian customs and prosecution files concerning the cigarette smuggling trade in the period 2000 to 2006 and interviews with law enforcement authorities and private tobacco industry. Results: Analyses were made of the geographical aspects, the modus operandi and the participants of the cigarette smuggling trade in Belgium. Belgium is mainly a transit country. The cigarettes are transported via the fine-meshed Belgian highway network to the UK, which is often the destination country of the cigarettes. China is the most popular country of origin, especially for counterfeited cigarettes. In order to transport the cigarettes often use was made of legal transport companies and warehouses were frequently used to store the cigarettes. Many of the persons involved in the Belgian cigarette smuggling trade are strongly connected to legitimate business activities. Conclusions: Belgium is an important transit country for cigarette smuggling to the UK. This study pictures the illicit tobacco trade as a complex, ambiguous phenomenon involving several legal and illegal participants whereby the transit of cigarettes across the licit/illicit divide is paralleled by the moral careers of those who smuggle them, not to mention those who consume them. From the legal world to the illegal and back again, this trade and its practitioners and customers blur the line between criminality and non- criminality. Dealing with this phenomenon therefore requires more than a strategy focusing on these lawbreakers alone
abstract_unstemmed	Objectives: To describe and analyse the cigarette smuggling trade in Belgium and its role in the international cigarette black market. Design: Analysis of Belgian customs and prosecution files concerning the cigarette smuggling trade in the period 2000 to 2006 and interviews with law enforcement authorities and private tobacco industry. Results: Analyses were made of the geographical aspects, the modus operandi and the participants of the cigarette smuggling trade in Belgium. Belgium is mainly a transit country. The cigarettes are transported via the fine-meshed Belgian highway network to the UK, which is often the destination country of the cigarettes. China is the most popular country of origin, especially for counterfeited cigarettes. In order to transport the cigarettes often use was made of legal transport companies and warehouses were frequently used to store the cigarettes. Many of the persons involved in the Belgian cigarette smuggling trade are strongly connected to legitimate business activities. Conclusions: Belgium is an important transit country for cigarette smuggling to the UK. This study pictures the illicit tobacco trade as a complex, ambiguous phenomenon involving several legal and illegal participants whereby the transit of cigarettes across the licit/illicit divide is paralleled by the moral careers of those who smuggle them, not to mention those who consume them. From the legal world to the illegal and back again, this trade and its practitioners and customers blur the line between criminality and non- criminality. Dealing with this phenomenon therefore requires more than a strategy focusing on these lawbreakers alone
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title_short	Crossing geographical, legal and moral boundaries: the Belgian cigarette black market
url	https://core.ac.uk/download/55795576.pdf https://doi.org/10.1136/tc.2007.022749
ausleihindikator_str_mv	2075:- 2403:n
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author2	Verpoest, Karen Vander Laenen, Freya Vander Beken, Tom Janssens, Jelle
author2Str	Verpoest, Karen Vander Laenen, Freya Vander Beken, Tom Janssens, Jelle
ppnlink	320489825
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doi_str	10.1136/tc.2007.022749
callnumber-a	--%%--
up_date	2024-07-04T11:42:27.503Z
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Crossing geographical, legal and moral boundaries: the Belgian cigarette black market

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