Implementation of 3D HRTF Interpolation in Synthesizing Virtual 3D Moving Sound

3D sound is a new trend in various media, such as movies, video games, and musicals. Interpolated head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) are a key factor in its production, due to real-time system limitations in storing measured HRTFs. In addition, the interpolation of HRTFs can reduce the need to measure a large amount of HRTFs and the associated effort. In this research, we used the PKU-IOA HRTF Database and covered three interpolation techniques, namely bilinear rectangular, bilinear triangular, and tetrahedral. Bilinear interpolations can be used to compute weights in interpolating measured HRTFs in a linear fashion, with respect to azimuth and elevation angles. Such interpolations have been proposed for three measurement points that form a triangle or for four measurement points that form a rectangle, surrounding the HRTF at a desired point. These geometrical approaches compute weights from a distance of the desired point from each measurement point. Tetrahedral interpolation, meanwhile, is a technique for HRTF measurements in 3D (i.e. azimuth, elevation, and distance) using barycentric weights. Based on our experiments, 3D tetrahedral interpolation results in the best average mean square error (MSE) of 3.72% for minimum phase head related impulse responses (HRIRs) and best average spectral distortion (SD) of 2.79 dB for magnitude HRTFs, compared to 2D bilinear interpolations (i.e. rectangular and triangular interpolation). Regarding the latter, bilinear rectangular interpolation generally performs better than the triangular variety. Additionally, the use of minimum phase HRIRs as input data results in more optimal interpolated data than magnitude HRTFs. We therefore propose an optimal framework for obtaining estimated HRIRs by interpolating minimum phase HRIRs using tetrahedral interpolation. Such HRIRs have been simulated to produce virtual 3D moving sound in a horizontal plane with a difference of 2.5o of azimuth angle. The simulated moving sound that is heard moves naturally in a clockwise direction from an azimuth angle of 0o to 360o. Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Hugeng [verfasserIn] Jovan Anggara [verfasserIn] Dadang Gunawan [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2017

Schlagwörter:	Bilinear interpolation HRIR interpolation HRTF interpolation Tetrahedral interpolation

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: International Journal of Technology - Universitas Indonesia, 2012, 8(2017), 1, Seite 186-195
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:8 ; year:2017 ; number:1 ; pages:186-195

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.14716/ijtech.v8i1.238

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ000651796

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allfieldsGer	10.14716/ijtech.v8i1.238 doi (DE-627)DOAJ000651796 (DE-599)DOAJcbf9b2792ef3420fb2496cb30355332d DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng T1-995 Hugeng verfasserin aut Implementation of 3D HRTF Interpolation in Synthesizing Virtual 3D Moving Sound 2017 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier 3D sound is a new trend in various media, such as movies, video games, and musicals. Interpolated head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) are a key factor in its production, due to real-time system limitations in storing measured HRTFs. In addition, the interpolation of HRTFs can reduce the need to measure a large amount of HRTFs and the associated effort. In this research, we used the PKU-IOA HRTF Database and covered three interpolation techniques, namely bilinear rectangular, bilinear triangular, and tetrahedral. Bilinear interpolations can be used to compute weights in interpolating measured HRTFs in a linear fashion, with respect to azimuth and elevation angles. Such interpolations have been proposed for three measurement points that form a triangle or for four measurement points that form a rectangle, surrounding the HRTF at a desired point. These geometrical approaches compute weights from a distance of the desired point from each measurement point. Tetrahedral interpolation, meanwhile, is a technique for HRTF measurements in 3D (i.e. azimuth, elevation, and distance) using barycentric weights. Based on our experiments, 3D tetrahedral interpolation results in the best average mean square error (MSE) of 3.72% for minimum phase head related impulse responses (HRIRs) and best average spectral distortion (SD) of 2.79 dB for magnitude HRTFs, compared to 2D bilinear interpolations (i.e. rectangular and triangular interpolation). Regarding the latter, bilinear rectangular interpolation generally performs better than the triangular variety. Additionally, the use of minimum phase HRIRs as input data results in more optimal interpolated data than magnitude HRTFs. We therefore propose an optimal framework for obtaining estimated HRIRs by interpolating minimum phase HRIRs using tetrahedral interpolation. Such HRIRs have been simulated to produce virtual 3D moving sound in a horizontal plane with a difference of 2.5o of azimuth angle. The simulated moving sound that is heard moves naturally in a clockwise direction from an azimuth angle of 0o to 360o. Bilinear interpolation HRIR interpolation HRTF interpolation Tetrahedral interpolation Technology T Technology (General) Jovan Anggara verfasserin aut Dadang Gunawan verfasserin aut In International Journal of Technology Universitas Indonesia, 2012 8(2017), 1, Seite 186-195 (DE-627)689129424 (DE-600)2655575-X 20872100 nnns volume:8 year:2017 number:1 pages:186-195 https://doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v8i1.238 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/cbf9b2792ef3420fb2496cb30355332d kostenfrei http://ijtech.eng.ui.ac.id/article/view/238 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2086-9614 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2087-2100 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 8 2017 1 186-195
allfieldsSound	10.14716/ijtech.v8i1.238 doi (DE-627)DOAJ000651796 (DE-599)DOAJcbf9b2792ef3420fb2496cb30355332d DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng T1-995 Hugeng verfasserin aut Implementation of 3D HRTF Interpolation in Synthesizing Virtual 3D Moving Sound 2017 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier 3D sound is a new trend in various media, such as movies, video games, and musicals. Interpolated head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) are a key factor in its production, due to real-time system limitations in storing measured HRTFs. In addition, the interpolation of HRTFs can reduce the need to measure a large amount of HRTFs and the associated effort. In this research, we used the PKU-IOA HRTF Database and covered three interpolation techniques, namely bilinear rectangular, bilinear triangular, and tetrahedral. Bilinear interpolations can be used to compute weights in interpolating measured HRTFs in a linear fashion, with respect to azimuth and elevation angles. Such interpolations have been proposed for three measurement points that form a triangle or for four measurement points that form a rectangle, surrounding the HRTF at a desired point. These geometrical approaches compute weights from a distance of the desired point from each measurement point. Tetrahedral interpolation, meanwhile, is a technique for HRTF measurements in 3D (i.e. azimuth, elevation, and distance) using barycentric weights. Based on our experiments, 3D tetrahedral interpolation results in the best average mean square error (MSE) of 3.72% for minimum phase head related impulse responses (HRIRs) and best average spectral distortion (SD) of 2.79 dB for magnitude HRTFs, compared to 2D bilinear interpolations (i.e. rectangular and triangular interpolation). Regarding the latter, bilinear rectangular interpolation generally performs better than the triangular variety. Additionally, the use of minimum phase HRIRs as input data results in more optimal interpolated data than magnitude HRTFs. We therefore propose an optimal framework for obtaining estimated HRIRs by interpolating minimum phase HRIRs using tetrahedral interpolation. Such HRIRs have been simulated to produce virtual 3D moving sound in a horizontal plane with a difference of 2.5o of azimuth angle. The simulated moving sound that is heard moves naturally in a clockwise direction from an azimuth angle of 0o to 360o. Bilinear interpolation HRIR interpolation HRTF interpolation Tetrahedral interpolation Technology T Technology (General) Jovan Anggara verfasserin aut Dadang Gunawan verfasserin aut In International Journal of Technology Universitas Indonesia, 2012 8(2017), 1, Seite 186-195 (DE-627)689129424 (DE-600)2655575-X 20872100 nnns volume:8 year:2017 number:1 pages:186-195 https://doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v8i1.238 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/cbf9b2792ef3420fb2496cb30355332d kostenfrei http://ijtech.eng.ui.ac.id/article/view/238 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2086-9614 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2087-2100 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 8 2017 1 186-195
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title_full	Implementation of 3D HRTF Interpolation in Synthesizing Virtual 3D Moving Sound
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title_sort	implementation of 3d hrtf interpolation in synthesizing virtual 3d moving sound
callnumber	T1-995
title_auth	Implementation of 3D HRTF Interpolation in Synthesizing Virtual 3D Moving Sound
abstract	3D sound is a new trend in various media, such as movies, video games, and musicals. Interpolated head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) are a key factor in its production, due to real-time system limitations in storing measured HRTFs. In addition, the interpolation of HRTFs can reduce the need to measure a large amount of HRTFs and the associated effort. In this research, we used the PKU-IOA HRTF Database and covered three interpolation techniques, namely bilinear rectangular, bilinear triangular, and tetrahedral. Bilinear interpolations can be used to compute weights in interpolating measured HRTFs in a linear fashion, with respect to azimuth and elevation angles. Such interpolations have been proposed for three measurement points that form a triangle or for four measurement points that form a rectangle, surrounding the HRTF at a desired point. These geometrical approaches compute weights from a distance of the desired point from each measurement point. Tetrahedral interpolation, meanwhile, is a technique for HRTF measurements in 3D (i.e. azimuth, elevation, and distance) using barycentric weights. Based on our experiments, 3D tetrahedral interpolation results in the best average mean square error (MSE) of 3.72% for minimum phase head related impulse responses (HRIRs) and best average spectral distortion (SD) of 2.79 dB for magnitude HRTFs, compared to 2D bilinear interpolations (i.e. rectangular and triangular interpolation). Regarding the latter, bilinear rectangular interpolation generally performs better than the triangular variety. Additionally, the use of minimum phase HRIRs as input data results in more optimal interpolated data than magnitude HRTFs. We therefore propose an optimal framework for obtaining estimated HRIRs by interpolating minimum phase HRIRs using tetrahedral interpolation. Such HRIRs have been simulated to produce virtual 3D moving sound in a horizontal plane with a difference of 2.5o of azimuth angle. The simulated moving sound that is heard moves naturally in a clockwise direction from an azimuth angle of 0o to 360o.
abstractGer	3D sound is a new trend in various media, such as movies, video games, and musicals. Interpolated head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) are a key factor in its production, due to real-time system limitations in storing measured HRTFs. In addition, the interpolation of HRTFs can reduce the need to measure a large amount of HRTFs and the associated effort. In this research, we used the PKU-IOA HRTF Database and covered three interpolation techniques, namely bilinear rectangular, bilinear triangular, and tetrahedral. Bilinear interpolations can be used to compute weights in interpolating measured HRTFs in a linear fashion, with respect to azimuth and elevation angles. Such interpolations have been proposed for three measurement points that form a triangle or for four measurement points that form a rectangle, surrounding the HRTF at a desired point. These geometrical approaches compute weights from a distance of the desired point from each measurement point. Tetrahedral interpolation, meanwhile, is a technique for HRTF measurements in 3D (i.e. azimuth, elevation, and distance) using barycentric weights. Based on our experiments, 3D tetrahedral interpolation results in the best average mean square error (MSE) of 3.72% for minimum phase head related impulse responses (HRIRs) and best average spectral distortion (SD) of 2.79 dB for magnitude HRTFs, compared to 2D bilinear interpolations (i.e. rectangular and triangular interpolation). Regarding the latter, bilinear rectangular interpolation generally performs better than the triangular variety. Additionally, the use of minimum phase HRIRs as input data results in more optimal interpolated data than magnitude HRTFs. We therefore propose an optimal framework for obtaining estimated HRIRs by interpolating minimum phase HRIRs using tetrahedral interpolation. Such HRIRs have been simulated to produce virtual 3D moving sound in a horizontal plane with a difference of 2.5o of azimuth angle. The simulated moving sound that is heard moves naturally in a clockwise direction from an azimuth angle of 0o to 360o.
abstract_unstemmed	3D sound is a new trend in various media, such as movies, video games, and musicals. Interpolated head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) are a key factor in its production, due to real-time system limitations in storing measured HRTFs. In addition, the interpolation of HRTFs can reduce the need to measure a large amount of HRTFs and the associated effort. In this research, we used the PKU-IOA HRTF Database and covered three interpolation techniques, namely bilinear rectangular, bilinear triangular, and tetrahedral. Bilinear interpolations can be used to compute weights in interpolating measured HRTFs in a linear fashion, with respect to azimuth and elevation angles. Such interpolations have been proposed for three measurement points that form a triangle or for four measurement points that form a rectangle, surrounding the HRTF at a desired point. These geometrical approaches compute weights from a distance of the desired point from each measurement point. Tetrahedral interpolation, meanwhile, is a technique for HRTF measurements in 3D (i.e. azimuth, elevation, and distance) using barycentric weights. Based on our experiments, 3D tetrahedral interpolation results in the best average mean square error (MSE) of 3.72% for minimum phase head related impulse responses (HRIRs) and best average spectral distortion (SD) of 2.79 dB for magnitude HRTFs, compared to 2D bilinear interpolations (i.e. rectangular and triangular interpolation). Regarding the latter, bilinear rectangular interpolation generally performs better than the triangular variety. Additionally, the use of minimum phase HRIRs as input data results in more optimal interpolated data than magnitude HRTFs. We therefore propose an optimal framework for obtaining estimated HRIRs by interpolating minimum phase HRIRs using tetrahedral interpolation. Such HRIRs have been simulated to produce virtual 3D moving sound in a horizontal plane with a difference of 2.5o of azimuth angle. The simulated moving sound that is heard moves naturally in a clockwise direction from an azimuth angle of 0o to 360o.
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title_short	Implementation of 3D HRTF Interpolation in Synthesizing Virtual 3D Moving Sound
url	https://doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v8i1.238 https://doaj.org/article/cbf9b2792ef3420fb2496cb30355332d http://ijtech.eng.ui.ac.id/article/view/238 https://doaj.org/toc/2086-9614 https://doaj.org/toc/2087-2100
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