Do students from public schools fare better in medical school than their colleagues from private schools? If so, what can we learn from this?

Abstract Background Internal grade inflation is a documented practice in secondary schools (mostly in private schools) that jeopardises fairness with regard to access to medical school. However, it is frequently assumed that the higher internal grades are in fact justifiable, as they correspond to better preparation of students in private schools in areas that national exams do not cover but nevertheless are important. Consequently, it is expected that students from private schools will succeed better in medical school than their colleagues, or at least not perform worse. We aimed to study whether students from private schools do fare better in medical school than their colleagues from public schools, even after adjusting for internal grade inflation. Methods We analysed all students that entered into a medical course from 2007 to 2014. A linear regression was performed using mean grades for the 1st-year curse units (CU) of the medical school curriculum as a dependent variable and student gender, the nature of students’ secondary school (public/private), and whether their secondary school highly inflated grades as independent variables. A logistic regression was also performed, modelling whether or not students failed at least one CU exam during the 1st year of medical school as a function of the aforementioned independent variables. Results Of the 1709 students analysed, 55% came from public secondary schools. Private (vs. public) secondary school (β = − 0.459, p < 0.001) and whether secondary schools highly inflated grades (β = − 0.246, p = 0.003) were independent factors that significantly influenced grades during the first year of medical school. Having attended a private secondary school also significantly increased the odds of a student having failed at least one CU exam during the 1st year of medical school (OR = 1.33), even after adjusting for whether or not the secondary school used highly inflated grades. Conclusions It is important to further discuss what we can learn from the fact that students from public secondary schools seem to be better prepared for medical school teaching methodologies than their colleagues from private ones and the implications for the selection process. Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Cristina Costa-Santos [verfasserIn] Pedro Vieira-Marques [verfasserIn] Altamiro Costa-Pereira [verfasserIn] Maria Amélia Ferreira [verfasserIn] Alberto Freitas [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2018

Schlagwörter:	Performance in medical school Access to medical school Grade inflation Public and private secondary schooling

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: BMC Medical Education - BMC, 2003, 18(2018), 1, Seite 7
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:18 ; year:2018 ; number:1 ; pages:7

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.1186/s12909-018-1162-x

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ000893528

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spelling	10.1186/s12909-018-1162-x doi (DE-627)DOAJ000893528 (DE-599)DOAJ43c0cb3396d142e2aa5f9b0e3a3d9c53 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng LC8-6691 Cristina Costa-Santos verfasserin aut Do students from public schools fare better in medical school than their colleagues from private schools? If so, what can we learn from this? 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Background Internal grade inflation is a documented practice in secondary schools (mostly in private schools) that jeopardises fairness with regard to access to medical school. However, it is frequently assumed that the higher internal grades are in fact justifiable, as they correspond to better preparation of students in private schools in areas that national exams do not cover but nevertheless are important. Consequently, it is expected that students from private schools will succeed better in medical school than their colleagues, or at least not perform worse. We aimed to study whether students from private schools do fare better in medical school than their colleagues from public schools, even after adjusting for internal grade inflation. Methods We analysed all students that entered into a medical course from 2007 to 2014. A linear regression was performed using mean grades for the 1st-year curse units (CU) of the medical school curriculum as a dependent variable and student gender, the nature of students’ secondary school (public/private), and whether their secondary school highly inflated grades as independent variables. A logistic regression was also performed, modelling whether or not students failed at least one CU exam during the 1st year of medical school as a function of the aforementioned independent variables. Results Of the 1709 students analysed, 55% came from public secondary schools. Private (vs. public) secondary school (β = − 0.459, p < 0.001) and whether secondary schools highly inflated grades (β = − 0.246, p = 0.003) were independent factors that significantly influenced grades during the first year of medical school. Having attended a private secondary school also significantly increased the odds of a student having failed at least one CU exam during the 1st year of medical school (OR = 1.33), even after adjusting for whether or not the secondary school used highly inflated grades. Conclusions It is important to further discuss what we can learn from the fact that students from public secondary schools seem to be better prepared for medical school teaching methodologies than their colleagues from private ones and the implications for the selection process. Performance in medical school Access to medical school Grade inflation Public and private secondary schooling Special aspects of education Medicine R Pedro Vieira-Marques verfasserin aut Altamiro Costa-Pereira verfasserin aut Maria Amélia Ferreira verfasserin aut Alberto Freitas verfasserin aut In BMC Medical Education BMC, 2003 18(2018), 1, Seite 7 (DE-627)327961260 (DE-600)2044473-4 14726920 nnns volume:18 year:2018 number:1 pages:7 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-018-1162-x kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/43c0cb3396d142e2aa5f9b0e3a3d9c53 kostenfrei http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12909-018-1162-x kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1472-6920 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 18 2018 1 7
allfields_unstemmed	10.1186/s12909-018-1162-x doi (DE-627)DOAJ000893528 (DE-599)DOAJ43c0cb3396d142e2aa5f9b0e3a3d9c53 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng LC8-6691 Cristina Costa-Santos verfasserin aut Do students from public schools fare better in medical school than their colleagues from private schools? If so, what can we learn from this? 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Background Internal grade inflation is a documented practice in secondary schools (mostly in private schools) that jeopardises fairness with regard to access to medical school. However, it is frequently assumed that the higher internal grades are in fact justifiable, as they correspond to better preparation of students in private schools in areas that national exams do not cover but nevertheless are important. Consequently, it is expected that students from private schools will succeed better in medical school than their colleagues, or at least not perform worse. We aimed to study whether students from private schools do fare better in medical school than their colleagues from public schools, even after adjusting for internal grade inflation. Methods We analysed all students that entered into a medical course from 2007 to 2014. A linear regression was performed using mean grades for the 1st-year curse units (CU) of the medical school curriculum as a dependent variable and student gender, the nature of students’ secondary school (public/private), and whether their secondary school highly inflated grades as independent variables. A logistic regression was also performed, modelling whether or not students failed at least one CU exam during the 1st year of medical school as a function of the aforementioned independent variables. Results Of the 1709 students analysed, 55% came from public secondary schools. Private (vs. public) secondary school (β = − 0.459, p < 0.001) and whether secondary schools highly inflated grades (β = − 0.246, p = 0.003) were independent factors that significantly influenced grades during the first year of medical school. Having attended a private secondary school also significantly increased the odds of a student having failed at least one CU exam during the 1st year of medical school (OR = 1.33), even after adjusting for whether or not the secondary school used highly inflated grades. Conclusions It is important to further discuss what we can learn from the fact that students from public secondary schools seem to be better prepared for medical school teaching methodologies than their colleagues from private ones and the implications for the selection process. Performance in medical school Access to medical school Grade inflation Public and private secondary schooling Special aspects of education Medicine R Pedro Vieira-Marques verfasserin aut Altamiro Costa-Pereira verfasserin aut Maria Amélia Ferreira verfasserin aut Alberto Freitas verfasserin aut In BMC Medical Education BMC, 2003 18(2018), 1, Seite 7 (DE-627)327961260 (DE-600)2044473-4 14726920 nnns volume:18 year:2018 number:1 pages:7 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-018-1162-x kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/43c0cb3396d142e2aa5f9b0e3a3d9c53 kostenfrei http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12909-018-1162-x kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1472-6920 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 18 2018 1 7
allfieldsGer	10.1186/s12909-018-1162-x doi (DE-627)DOAJ000893528 (DE-599)DOAJ43c0cb3396d142e2aa5f9b0e3a3d9c53 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng LC8-6691 Cristina Costa-Santos verfasserin aut Do students from public schools fare better in medical school than their colleagues from private schools? If so, what can we learn from this? 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Background Internal grade inflation is a documented practice in secondary schools (mostly in private schools) that jeopardises fairness with regard to access to medical school. However, it is frequently assumed that the higher internal grades are in fact justifiable, as they correspond to better preparation of students in private schools in areas that national exams do not cover but nevertheless are important. Consequently, it is expected that students from private schools will succeed better in medical school than their colleagues, or at least not perform worse. We aimed to study whether students from private schools do fare better in medical school than their colleagues from public schools, even after adjusting for internal grade inflation. Methods We analysed all students that entered into a medical course from 2007 to 2014. A linear regression was performed using mean grades for the 1st-year curse units (CU) of the medical school curriculum as a dependent variable and student gender, the nature of students’ secondary school (public/private), and whether their secondary school highly inflated grades as independent variables. A logistic regression was also performed, modelling whether or not students failed at least one CU exam during the 1st year of medical school as a function of the aforementioned independent variables. Results Of the 1709 students analysed, 55% came from public secondary schools. Private (vs. public) secondary school (β = − 0.459, p < 0.001) and whether secondary schools highly inflated grades (β = − 0.246, p = 0.003) were independent factors that significantly influenced grades during the first year of medical school. Having attended a private secondary school also significantly increased the odds of a student having failed at least one CU exam during the 1st year of medical school (OR = 1.33), even after adjusting for whether or not the secondary school used highly inflated grades. Conclusions It is important to further discuss what we can learn from the fact that students from public secondary schools seem to be better prepared for medical school teaching methodologies than their colleagues from private ones and the implications for the selection process. Performance in medical school Access to medical school Grade inflation Public and private secondary schooling Special aspects of education Medicine R Pedro Vieira-Marques verfasserin aut Altamiro Costa-Pereira verfasserin aut Maria Amélia Ferreira verfasserin aut Alberto Freitas verfasserin aut In BMC Medical Education BMC, 2003 18(2018), 1, Seite 7 (DE-627)327961260 (DE-600)2044473-4 14726920 nnns volume:18 year:2018 number:1 pages:7 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-018-1162-x kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/43c0cb3396d142e2aa5f9b0e3a3d9c53 kostenfrei http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12909-018-1162-x kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1472-6920 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 18 2018 1 7
allfieldsSound	10.1186/s12909-018-1162-x doi (DE-627)DOAJ000893528 (DE-599)DOAJ43c0cb3396d142e2aa5f9b0e3a3d9c53 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng LC8-6691 Cristina Costa-Santos verfasserin aut Do students from public schools fare better in medical school than their colleagues from private schools? If so, what can we learn from this? 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Background Internal grade inflation is a documented practice in secondary schools (mostly in private schools) that jeopardises fairness with regard to access to medical school. However, it is frequently assumed that the higher internal grades are in fact justifiable, as they correspond to better preparation of students in private schools in areas that national exams do not cover but nevertheless are important. Consequently, it is expected that students from private schools will succeed better in medical school than their colleagues, or at least not perform worse. We aimed to study whether students from private schools do fare better in medical school than their colleagues from public schools, even after adjusting for internal grade inflation. Methods We analysed all students that entered into a medical course from 2007 to 2014. A linear regression was performed using mean grades for the 1st-year curse units (CU) of the medical school curriculum as a dependent variable and student gender, the nature of students’ secondary school (public/private), and whether their secondary school highly inflated grades as independent variables. A logistic regression was also performed, modelling whether or not students failed at least one CU exam during the 1st year of medical school as a function of the aforementioned independent variables. Results Of the 1709 students analysed, 55% came from public secondary schools. Private (vs. public) secondary school (β = − 0.459, p < 0.001) and whether secondary schools highly inflated grades (β = − 0.246, p = 0.003) were independent factors that significantly influenced grades during the first year of medical school. Having attended a private secondary school also significantly increased the odds of a student having failed at least one CU exam during the 1st year of medical school (OR = 1.33), even after adjusting for whether or not the secondary school used highly inflated grades. Conclusions It is important to further discuss what we can learn from the fact that students from public secondary schools seem to be better prepared for medical school teaching methodologies than their colleagues from private ones and the implications for the selection process. Performance in medical school Access to medical school Grade inflation Public and private secondary schooling Special aspects of education Medicine R Pedro Vieira-Marques verfasserin aut Altamiro Costa-Pereira verfasserin aut Maria Amélia Ferreira verfasserin aut Alberto Freitas verfasserin aut In BMC Medical Education BMC, 2003 18(2018), 1, Seite 7 (DE-627)327961260 (DE-600)2044473-4 14726920 nnns volume:18 year:2018 number:1 pages:7 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-018-1162-x kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/43c0cb3396d142e2aa5f9b0e3a3d9c53 kostenfrei http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12909-018-1162-x kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1472-6920 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 18 2018 1 7
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spellingShingle	Cristina Costa-Santos misc LC8-6691 misc Performance in medical school misc Access to medical school misc Grade inflation misc Public and private secondary schooling misc Special aspects of education misc Medicine misc R Do students from public schools fare better in medical school than their colleagues from private schools? If so, what can we learn from this?
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topic_title	LC8-6691 Do students from public schools fare better in medical school than their colleagues from private schools? If so, what can we learn from this? Performance in medical school Access to medical school Grade inflation Public and private secondary schooling
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topic_browse	misc LC8-6691 misc Performance in medical school misc Access to medical school misc Grade inflation misc Public and private secondary schooling misc Special aspects of education misc Medicine misc R
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title	Do students from public schools fare better in medical school than their colleagues from private schools? If so, what can we learn from this?
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title_full	Do students from public schools fare better in medical school than their colleagues from private schools? If so, what can we learn from this?
author_sort	Cristina Costa-Santos
journal	BMC Medical Education
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author_browse	Cristina Costa-Santos Pedro Vieira-Marques Altamiro Costa-Pereira Maria Amélia Ferreira Alberto Freitas
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author-letter	Cristina Costa-Santos
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title_sort	do students from public schools fare better in medical school than their colleagues from private schools? if so, what can we learn from this?
callnumber	LC8-6691
title_auth	Do students from public schools fare better in medical school than their colleagues from private schools? If so, what can we learn from this?
abstract	Abstract Background Internal grade inflation is a documented practice in secondary schools (mostly in private schools) that jeopardises fairness with regard to access to medical school. However, it is frequently assumed that the higher internal grades are in fact justifiable, as they correspond to better preparation of students in private schools in areas that national exams do not cover but nevertheless are important. Consequently, it is expected that students from private schools will succeed better in medical school than their colleagues, or at least not perform worse. We aimed to study whether students from private schools do fare better in medical school than their colleagues from public schools, even after adjusting for internal grade inflation. Methods We analysed all students that entered into a medical course from 2007 to 2014. A linear regression was performed using mean grades for the 1st-year curse units (CU) of the medical school curriculum as a dependent variable and student gender, the nature of students’ secondary school (public/private), and whether their secondary school highly inflated grades as independent variables. A logistic regression was also performed, modelling whether or not students failed at least one CU exam during the 1st year of medical school as a function of the aforementioned independent variables. Results Of the 1709 students analysed, 55% came from public secondary schools. Private (vs. public) secondary school (β = − 0.459, p < 0.001) and whether secondary schools highly inflated grades (β = − 0.246, p = 0.003) were independent factors that significantly influenced grades during the first year of medical school. Having attended a private secondary school also significantly increased the odds of a student having failed at least one CU exam during the 1st year of medical school (OR = 1.33), even after adjusting for whether or not the secondary school used highly inflated grades. Conclusions It is important to further discuss what we can learn from the fact that students from public secondary schools seem to be better prepared for medical school teaching methodologies than their colleagues from private ones and the implications for the selection process.
abstractGer	Abstract Background Internal grade inflation is a documented practice in secondary schools (mostly in private schools) that jeopardises fairness with regard to access to medical school. However, it is frequently assumed that the higher internal grades are in fact justifiable, as they correspond to better preparation of students in private schools in areas that national exams do not cover but nevertheless are important. Consequently, it is expected that students from private schools will succeed better in medical school than their colleagues, or at least not perform worse. We aimed to study whether students from private schools do fare better in medical school than their colleagues from public schools, even after adjusting for internal grade inflation. Methods We analysed all students that entered into a medical course from 2007 to 2014. A linear regression was performed using mean grades for the 1st-year curse units (CU) of the medical school curriculum as a dependent variable and student gender, the nature of students’ secondary school (public/private), and whether their secondary school highly inflated grades as independent variables. A logistic regression was also performed, modelling whether or not students failed at least one CU exam during the 1st year of medical school as a function of the aforementioned independent variables. Results Of the 1709 students analysed, 55% came from public secondary schools. Private (vs. public) secondary school (β = − 0.459, p < 0.001) and whether secondary schools highly inflated grades (β = − 0.246, p = 0.003) were independent factors that significantly influenced grades during the first year of medical school. Having attended a private secondary school also significantly increased the odds of a student having failed at least one CU exam during the 1st year of medical school (OR = 1.33), even after adjusting for whether or not the secondary school used highly inflated grades. Conclusions It is important to further discuss what we can learn from the fact that students from public secondary schools seem to be better prepared for medical school teaching methodologies than their colleagues from private ones and the implications for the selection process.
abstract_unstemmed	Abstract Background Internal grade inflation is a documented practice in secondary schools (mostly in private schools) that jeopardises fairness with regard to access to medical school. However, it is frequently assumed that the higher internal grades are in fact justifiable, as they correspond to better preparation of students in private schools in areas that national exams do not cover but nevertheless are important. Consequently, it is expected that students from private schools will succeed better in medical school than their colleagues, or at least not perform worse. We aimed to study whether students from private schools do fare better in medical school than their colleagues from public schools, even after adjusting for internal grade inflation. Methods We analysed all students that entered into a medical course from 2007 to 2014. A linear regression was performed using mean grades for the 1st-year curse units (CU) of the medical school curriculum as a dependent variable and student gender, the nature of students’ secondary school (public/private), and whether their secondary school highly inflated grades as independent variables. A logistic regression was also performed, modelling whether or not students failed at least one CU exam during the 1st year of medical school as a function of the aforementioned independent variables. Results Of the 1709 students analysed, 55% came from public secondary schools. Private (vs. public) secondary school (β = − 0.459, p < 0.001) and whether secondary schools highly inflated grades (β = − 0.246, p = 0.003) were independent factors that significantly influenced grades during the first year of medical school. Having attended a private secondary school also significantly increased the odds of a student having failed at least one CU exam during the 1st year of medical school (OR = 1.33), even after adjusting for whether or not the secondary school used highly inflated grades. Conclusions It is important to further discuss what we can learn from the fact that students from public secondary schools seem to be better prepared for medical school teaching methodologies than their colleagues from private ones and the implications for the selection process.
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title_short	Do students from public schools fare better in medical school than their colleagues from private schools? If so, what can we learn from this?
url	https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-018-1162-x https://doaj.org/article/43c0cb3396d142e2aa5f9b0e3a3d9c53 http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12909-018-1162-x https://doaj.org/toc/1472-6920
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author2	Pedro Vieira-Marques Altamiro Costa-Pereira Maria Amélia Ferreira Alberto Freitas
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