Toward a typology of health-related informal credit: an exploration of borrowing practices for paying for health care by the poor in Cambodia

<p<Abstract</p< <p<Background</p< <p<Borrowing money is a common strategy to cope with health care costs. The impact of borrowing on households can be severe, leading to indebtedness and further impoverishment. However, the available literature on borrowing practices fo...
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Autor*in:	Ir Por [verfasserIn] Jacobs Bart [verfasserIn] Meessen Bruno [verfasserIn] Van Damme Wim [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2012

Schlagwörter:	Borrowing practices Indebtedness Typology Informal credits Cambodia

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: BMC Health Services Research - BMC, 2003, 12(2012), 1, p 383
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:12 ; year:2012 ; number:1, p 383

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.1186/1472-6963-12-383

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ002102676

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allfields	10.1186/1472-6963-12-383 doi (DE-627)DOAJ002102676 (DE-599)DOAJ805e9105e8c540cc9c7e9f0b68f6ba39 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RA1-1270 Ir Por verfasserin aut Toward a typology of health-related informal credit: an exploration of borrowing practices for paying for health care by the poor in Cambodia 2012 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <p<Abstract</p< <p<Background</p< <p<Borrowing money is a common strategy to cope with health care costs. The impact of borrowing on households can be severe, leading to indebtedness and further impoverishment. However, the available literature on borrowing practices for health is limited. We explore borrowing practices for paying for health care by the poor in Cambodia and provide a typology, associated conditions, and the extent of the phenomenon.</p< <p<Methods</p< <p<In addition to a semi-structured literature review, in-depth interviews were conducted with representatives of 47 households with health-related debt and 19 managers of formal or informal credit schemes.</p< <p<Results</p< <p<A large proportion of Cambodians, especially the poor, resort to borrowing to meet the cost of health care. Because of limited cash flow and access to formal creditors, the majority take out loans with high interest rates from informal money lenders. The most common type of informal credit is locally known as <it<Changkar</it< and consists of five kinds of loans: short-term loans, medium-term loans, seasonal loans, loans for an unspecified period, and loans with repayment in labour, each with different lending and repayment conditions and interest rates.</p< <p<Conclusion</p< <p<This study suggests the importance of informal credit for coping with the cost of treatment and its potentially negative impact on the livelihood of Cambodian people. We provide directions for further studies on financial protection interventions to mitigate harmful borrowing practices to pay for health care in Cambodia.</p< Borrowing practices Indebtedness Typology Informal credits Cambodia Public aspects of medicine Jacobs Bart verfasserin aut Meessen Bruno verfasserin aut Van Damme Wim verfasserin aut In BMC Health Services Research BMC, 2003 12(2012), 1, p 383 (DE-627)331018756 (DE-600)2050434-2 14726963 nnns volume:12 year:2012 number:1, p 383 https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-12-383 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/805e9105e8c540cc9c7e9f0b68f6ba39 kostenfrei http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6963/12/383 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1472-6963 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2012 1, p 383
spelling	10.1186/1472-6963-12-383 doi (DE-627)DOAJ002102676 (DE-599)DOAJ805e9105e8c540cc9c7e9f0b68f6ba39 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RA1-1270 Ir Por verfasserin aut Toward a typology of health-related informal credit: an exploration of borrowing practices for paying for health care by the poor in Cambodia 2012 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <p<Abstract</p< <p<Background</p< <p<Borrowing money is a common strategy to cope with health care costs. The impact of borrowing on households can be severe, leading to indebtedness and further impoverishment. However, the available literature on borrowing practices for health is limited. We explore borrowing practices for paying for health care by the poor in Cambodia and provide a typology, associated conditions, and the extent of the phenomenon.</p< <p<Methods</p< <p<In addition to a semi-structured literature review, in-depth interviews were conducted with representatives of 47 households with health-related debt and 19 managers of formal or informal credit schemes.</p< <p<Results</p< <p<A large proportion of Cambodians, especially the poor, resort to borrowing to meet the cost of health care. Because of limited cash flow and access to formal creditors, the majority take out loans with high interest rates from informal money lenders. The most common type of informal credit is locally known as <it<Changkar</it< and consists of five kinds of loans: short-term loans, medium-term loans, seasonal loans, loans for an unspecified period, and loans with repayment in labour, each with different lending and repayment conditions and interest rates.</p< <p<Conclusion</p< <p<This study suggests the importance of informal credit for coping with the cost of treatment and its potentially negative impact on the livelihood of Cambodian people. We provide directions for further studies on financial protection interventions to mitigate harmful borrowing practices to pay for health care in Cambodia.</p< Borrowing practices Indebtedness Typology Informal credits Cambodia Public aspects of medicine Jacobs Bart verfasserin aut Meessen Bruno verfasserin aut Van Damme Wim verfasserin aut In BMC Health Services Research BMC, 2003 12(2012), 1, p 383 (DE-627)331018756 (DE-600)2050434-2 14726963 nnns volume:12 year:2012 number:1, p 383 https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-12-383 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/805e9105e8c540cc9c7e9f0b68f6ba39 kostenfrei http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6963/12/383 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1472-6963 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2012 1, p 383
allfields_unstemmed	10.1186/1472-6963-12-383 doi (DE-627)DOAJ002102676 (DE-599)DOAJ805e9105e8c540cc9c7e9f0b68f6ba39 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RA1-1270 Ir Por verfasserin aut Toward a typology of health-related informal credit: an exploration of borrowing practices for paying for health care by the poor in Cambodia 2012 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <p<Abstract</p< <p<Background</p< <p<Borrowing money is a common strategy to cope with health care costs. The impact of borrowing on households can be severe, leading to indebtedness and further impoverishment. However, the available literature on borrowing practices for health is limited. We explore borrowing practices for paying for health care by the poor in Cambodia and provide a typology, associated conditions, and the extent of the phenomenon.</p< <p<Methods</p< <p<In addition to a semi-structured literature review, in-depth interviews were conducted with representatives of 47 households with health-related debt and 19 managers of formal or informal credit schemes.</p< <p<Results</p< <p<A large proportion of Cambodians, especially the poor, resort to borrowing to meet the cost of health care. Because of limited cash flow and access to formal creditors, the majority take out loans with high interest rates from informal money lenders. The most common type of informal credit is locally known as <it<Changkar</it< and consists of five kinds of loans: short-term loans, medium-term loans, seasonal loans, loans for an unspecified period, and loans with repayment in labour, each with different lending and repayment conditions and interest rates.</p< <p<Conclusion</p< <p<This study suggests the importance of informal credit for coping with the cost of treatment and its potentially negative impact on the livelihood of Cambodian people. We provide directions for further studies on financial protection interventions to mitigate harmful borrowing practices to pay for health care in Cambodia.</p< Borrowing practices Indebtedness Typology Informal credits Cambodia Public aspects of medicine Jacobs Bart verfasserin aut Meessen Bruno verfasserin aut Van Damme Wim verfasserin aut In BMC Health Services Research BMC, 2003 12(2012), 1, p 383 (DE-627)331018756 (DE-600)2050434-2 14726963 nnns volume:12 year:2012 number:1, p 383 https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-12-383 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/805e9105e8c540cc9c7e9f0b68f6ba39 kostenfrei http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6963/12/383 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1472-6963 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2012 1, p 383
allfieldsGer	10.1186/1472-6963-12-383 doi (DE-627)DOAJ002102676 (DE-599)DOAJ805e9105e8c540cc9c7e9f0b68f6ba39 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RA1-1270 Ir Por verfasserin aut Toward a typology of health-related informal credit: an exploration of borrowing practices for paying for health care by the poor in Cambodia 2012 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <p<Abstract</p< <p<Background</p< <p<Borrowing money is a common strategy to cope with health care costs. The impact of borrowing on households can be severe, leading to indebtedness and further impoverishment. However, the available literature on borrowing practices for health is limited. We explore borrowing practices for paying for health care by the poor in Cambodia and provide a typology, associated conditions, and the extent of the phenomenon.</p< <p<Methods</p< <p<In addition to a semi-structured literature review, in-depth interviews were conducted with representatives of 47 households with health-related debt and 19 managers of formal or informal credit schemes.</p< <p<Results</p< <p<A large proportion of Cambodians, especially the poor, resort to borrowing to meet the cost of health care. Because of limited cash flow and access to formal creditors, the majority take out loans with high interest rates from informal money lenders. The most common type of informal credit is locally known as <it<Changkar</it< and consists of five kinds of loans: short-term loans, medium-term loans, seasonal loans, loans for an unspecified period, and loans with repayment in labour, each with different lending and repayment conditions and interest rates.</p< <p<Conclusion</p< <p<This study suggests the importance of informal credit for coping with the cost of treatment and its potentially negative impact on the livelihood of Cambodian people. We provide directions for further studies on financial protection interventions to mitigate harmful borrowing practices to pay for health care in Cambodia.</p< Borrowing practices Indebtedness Typology Informal credits Cambodia Public aspects of medicine Jacobs Bart verfasserin aut Meessen Bruno verfasserin aut Van Damme Wim verfasserin aut In BMC Health Services Research BMC, 2003 12(2012), 1, p 383 (DE-627)331018756 (DE-600)2050434-2 14726963 nnns volume:12 year:2012 number:1, p 383 https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-12-383 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/805e9105e8c540cc9c7e9f0b68f6ba39 kostenfrei http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6963/12/383 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1472-6963 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2012 1, p 383
allfieldsSound	10.1186/1472-6963-12-383 doi (DE-627)DOAJ002102676 (DE-599)DOAJ805e9105e8c540cc9c7e9f0b68f6ba39 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RA1-1270 Ir Por verfasserin aut Toward a typology of health-related informal credit: an exploration of borrowing practices for paying for health care by the poor in Cambodia 2012 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <p<Abstract</p< <p<Background</p< <p<Borrowing money is a common strategy to cope with health care costs. The impact of borrowing on households can be severe, leading to indebtedness and further impoverishment. However, the available literature on borrowing practices for health is limited. We explore borrowing practices for paying for health care by the poor in Cambodia and provide a typology, associated conditions, and the extent of the phenomenon.</p< <p<Methods</p< <p<In addition to a semi-structured literature review, in-depth interviews were conducted with representatives of 47 households with health-related debt and 19 managers of formal or informal credit schemes.</p< <p<Results</p< <p<A large proportion of Cambodians, especially the poor, resort to borrowing to meet the cost of health care. Because of limited cash flow and access to formal creditors, the majority take out loans with high interest rates from informal money lenders. The most common type of informal credit is locally known as <it<Changkar</it< and consists of five kinds of loans: short-term loans, medium-term loans, seasonal loans, loans for an unspecified period, and loans with repayment in labour, each with different lending and repayment conditions and interest rates.</p< <p<Conclusion</p< <p<This study suggests the importance of informal credit for coping with the cost of treatment and its potentially negative impact on the livelihood of Cambodian people. We provide directions for further studies on financial protection interventions to mitigate harmful borrowing practices to pay for health care in Cambodia.</p< Borrowing practices Indebtedness Typology Informal credits Cambodia Public aspects of medicine Jacobs Bart verfasserin aut Meessen Bruno verfasserin aut Van Damme Wim verfasserin aut In BMC Health Services Research BMC, 2003 12(2012), 1, p 383 (DE-627)331018756 (DE-600)2050434-2 14726963 nnns volume:12 year:2012 number:1, p 383 https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-12-383 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/805e9105e8c540cc9c7e9f0b68f6ba39 kostenfrei http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6963/12/383 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1472-6963 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2012 1, p 383
language	English
source	In BMC Health Services Research 12(2012), 1, p 383 volume:12 year:2012 number:1, p 383
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topic_facet	Borrowing practices Indebtedness Typology Informal credits Cambodia Public aspects of medicine
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authorswithroles_txt_mv	Ir Por @@aut@@ Jacobs Bart @@aut@@ Meessen Bruno @@aut@@ Van Damme Wim @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2012-01-01T00:00:00Z
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spellingShingle	Ir Por misc RA1-1270 misc Borrowing practices misc Indebtedness misc Typology misc Informal credits misc Cambodia misc Public aspects of medicine Toward a typology of health-related informal credit: an exploration of borrowing practices for paying for health care by the poor in Cambodia
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topic_title	RA1-1270 Toward a typology of health-related informal credit: an exploration of borrowing practices for paying for health care by the poor in Cambodia Borrowing practices Indebtedness Typology Informal credits Cambodia
topic	misc RA1-1270 misc Borrowing practices misc Indebtedness misc Typology misc Informal credits misc Cambodia misc Public aspects of medicine
topic_unstemmed	misc RA1-1270 misc Borrowing practices misc Indebtedness misc Typology misc Informal credits misc Cambodia misc Public aspects of medicine
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title	Toward a typology of health-related informal credit: an exploration of borrowing practices for paying for health care by the poor in Cambodia
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title_full	Toward a typology of health-related informal credit: an exploration of borrowing practices for paying for health care by the poor in Cambodia
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author_browse	Ir Por Jacobs Bart Meessen Bruno Van Damme Wim
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title_sort	toward a typology of health-related informal credit: an exploration of borrowing practices for paying for health care by the poor in cambodia
callnumber	RA1-1270
title_auth	Toward a typology of health-related informal credit: an exploration of borrowing practices for paying for health care by the poor in Cambodia
abstract	<p<Abstract</p< <p<Background</p< <p<Borrowing money is a common strategy to cope with health care costs. The impact of borrowing on households can be severe, leading to indebtedness and further impoverishment. However, the available literature on borrowing practices for health is limited. We explore borrowing practices for paying for health care by the poor in Cambodia and provide a typology, associated conditions, and the extent of the phenomenon.</p< <p<Methods</p< <p<In addition to a semi-structured literature review, in-depth interviews were conducted with representatives of 47 households with health-related debt and 19 managers of formal or informal credit schemes.</p< <p<Results</p< <p<A large proportion of Cambodians, especially the poor, resort to borrowing to meet the cost of health care. Because of limited cash flow and access to formal creditors, the majority take out loans with high interest rates from informal money lenders. The most common type of informal credit is locally known as <it<Changkar</it< and consists of five kinds of loans: short-term loans, medium-term loans, seasonal loans, loans for an unspecified period, and loans with repayment in labour, each with different lending and repayment conditions and interest rates.</p< <p<Conclusion</p< <p<This study suggests the importance of informal credit for coping with the cost of treatment and its potentially negative impact on the livelihood of Cambodian people. We provide directions for further studies on financial protection interventions to mitigate harmful borrowing practices to pay for health care in Cambodia.</p<
abstractGer	<p<Abstract</p< <p<Background</p< <p<Borrowing money is a common strategy to cope with health care costs. The impact of borrowing on households can be severe, leading to indebtedness and further impoverishment. However, the available literature on borrowing practices for health is limited. We explore borrowing practices for paying for health care by the poor in Cambodia and provide a typology, associated conditions, and the extent of the phenomenon.</p< <p<Methods</p< <p<In addition to a semi-structured literature review, in-depth interviews were conducted with representatives of 47 households with health-related debt and 19 managers of formal or informal credit schemes.</p< <p<Results</p< <p<A large proportion of Cambodians, especially the poor, resort to borrowing to meet the cost of health care. Because of limited cash flow and access to formal creditors, the majority take out loans with high interest rates from informal money lenders. The most common type of informal credit is locally known as <it<Changkar</it< and consists of five kinds of loans: short-term loans, medium-term loans, seasonal loans, loans for an unspecified period, and loans with repayment in labour, each with different lending and repayment conditions and interest rates.</p< <p<Conclusion</p< <p<This study suggests the importance of informal credit for coping with the cost of treatment and its potentially negative impact on the livelihood of Cambodian people. We provide directions for further studies on financial protection interventions to mitigate harmful borrowing practices to pay for health care in Cambodia.</p<
abstract_unstemmed	<p<Abstract</p< <p<Background</p< <p<Borrowing money is a common strategy to cope with health care costs. The impact of borrowing on households can be severe, leading to indebtedness and further impoverishment. However, the available literature on borrowing practices for health is limited. We explore borrowing practices for paying for health care by the poor in Cambodia and provide a typology, associated conditions, and the extent of the phenomenon.</p< <p<Methods</p< <p<In addition to a semi-structured literature review, in-depth interviews were conducted with representatives of 47 households with health-related debt and 19 managers of formal or informal credit schemes.</p< <p<Results</p< <p<A large proportion of Cambodians, especially the poor, resort to borrowing to meet the cost of health care. Because of limited cash flow and access to formal creditors, the majority take out loans with high interest rates from informal money lenders. The most common type of informal credit is locally known as <it<Changkar</it< and consists of five kinds of loans: short-term loans, medium-term loans, seasonal loans, loans for an unspecified period, and loans with repayment in labour, each with different lending and repayment conditions and interest rates.</p< <p<Conclusion</p< <p<This study suggests the importance of informal credit for coping with the cost of treatment and its potentially negative impact on the livelihood of Cambodian people. We provide directions for further studies on financial protection interventions to mitigate harmful borrowing practices to pay for health care in Cambodia.</p<
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title_short	Toward a typology of health-related informal credit: an exploration of borrowing practices for paying for health care by the poor in Cambodia
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Toward a typology of health-related informal credit: an exploration of borrowing practices for paying for health care by the poor in Cambodia

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