Seasonal variations in gonad morphology and hypothalamic GnRH-I and GnIH in Eurasian Tree Sparrow, a multi-brooded passerine
The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis ubiquitously regulates seasonal reproduction, following the rhythmicity of a suite of environmental cues. Birds display prominent seasonal variations in gonad size regulated by two hypothalamic peptides, gonadotropin-releasing hormone-1 (GnRH-I) and gona...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
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| Autor*in: |
Limin Wang [verfasserIn] Ghulam Nabi [verfasserIn] Li Zhang [verfasserIn] Dan Liu [verfasserIn] Mo Li [verfasserIn] Juyong Li [verfasserIn] Kaixin Shi [verfasserIn] Ibrahim M. Ahmad [verfasserIn] Yuefeng Wu [verfasserIn] John C. Wingfield [verfasserIn] Dongming Li [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2022 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
In: Avian Research - KeAi Communications Co., Ltd., 2015, 13(2022), Seite 100037- |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:13 ; year:2022 ; pages:100037- |
| Links: |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1016/j.avrs.2022.100037 |
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| Katalog-ID: |
DOAJ002219921 |
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| 520 | |a The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis ubiquitously regulates seasonal reproduction, following the rhythmicity of a suite of environmental cues. Birds display prominent seasonal variations in gonad size regulated by two hypothalamic peptides, gonadotropin-releasing hormone-1 (GnRH-I) and gonadotropin-inhibiting hormone (GnIH). How multi-brooded avian species adjust GnRH-I and GnIH to regulate gonadal morphology seasonally remains largely unknown. Here, we studied the variations in the hypothalamic immunoreactivity (ir) of GnRH-I and GnIH, gonadal proliferation, and apoptosis in a typical multi-brooded species, the Eurasian Tree Sparrow (Passer montanus), across the pre-breeding (PB), first breeding (FB), second breeding (SB), pre-basic molt (PM), and wintering stages (WS). Our results showed that both sexes had higher preoptic area (POA)-GnRH-I-ir but lower paraventricular nucleus (PVN)-GnIH-ir neurons during the breeding stages (FB and SB) relative to other life-history stages, with no significant differences between two broods. The testes and ovaries were significantly larger during the breeding stages. Testicular volume increased during the two broods due to anincreased diameter of seminiferous tubules. Furthermore, there were more testicular apoptotic cells in PB and WS stages than in breeding stages, and in PB stage than in PM stage. Males had higher POA-GnRH-I expression than females during the breeding stages, but both sexes had comparable PVN-GnIH expression throughout the annual cycle. Both sexes of the sparrows may undergo a similar pattern of life-history stage-dependent variation in the hypothalamic GnRH-I, GnIH, and gonadal morphology, except that during breeding stages, males may display higher expression of POA-GnRH-I relative to females. The higher expression of POA-GnRH-I-ir in breeding male sparrows may be critical for male-dependent parental care. | ||
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10.1016/j.avrs.2022.100037 doi (DE-627)DOAJ002219921 (DE-599)DOAJb22551cc4e5e4aa192e9ff5f9af86529 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QL1-991 Limin Wang verfasserin aut Seasonal variations in gonad morphology and hypothalamic GnRH-I and GnIH in Eurasian Tree Sparrow, a multi-brooded passerine 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis ubiquitously regulates seasonal reproduction, following the rhythmicity of a suite of environmental cues. Birds display prominent seasonal variations in gonad size regulated by two hypothalamic peptides, gonadotropin-releasing hormone-1 (GnRH-I) and gonadotropin-inhibiting hormone (GnIH). How multi-brooded avian species adjust GnRH-I and GnIH to regulate gonadal morphology seasonally remains largely unknown. Here, we studied the variations in the hypothalamic immunoreactivity (ir) of GnRH-I and GnIH, gonadal proliferation, and apoptosis in a typical multi-brooded species, the Eurasian Tree Sparrow (Passer montanus), across the pre-breeding (PB), first breeding (FB), second breeding (SB), pre-basic molt (PM), and wintering stages (WS). Our results showed that both sexes had higher preoptic area (POA)-GnRH-I-ir but lower paraventricular nucleus (PVN)-GnIH-ir neurons during the breeding stages (FB and SB) relative to other life-history stages, with no significant differences between two broods. The testes and ovaries were significantly larger during the breeding stages. Testicular volume increased during the two broods due to anincreased diameter of seminiferous tubules. Furthermore, there were more testicular apoptotic cells in PB and WS stages than in breeding stages, and in PB stage than in PM stage. Males had higher POA-GnRH-I expression than females during the breeding stages, but both sexes had comparable PVN-GnIH expression throughout the annual cycle. Both sexes of the sparrows may undergo a similar pattern of life-history stage-dependent variation in the hypothalamic GnRH-I, GnIH, and gonadal morphology, except that during breeding stages, males may display higher expression of POA-GnRH-I relative to females. The higher expression of POA-GnRH-I-ir in breeding male sparrows may be critical for male-dependent parental care. Eurasian Tree Sparrow Gonads Hypothalamus Reproduction Seasonality Zoology Ghulam Nabi verfasserin aut Li Zhang verfasserin aut Dan Liu verfasserin aut Mo Li verfasserin aut Juyong Li verfasserin aut Kaixin Shi verfasserin aut Ibrahim M. Ahmad verfasserin aut Yuefeng Wu verfasserin aut John C. Wingfield verfasserin aut Dongming Li verfasserin aut In Avian Research KeAi Communications Co., Ltd., 2015 13(2022), Seite 100037- (DE-627)815913753 (DE-600)2806572-4 20537166 nnns volume:13 year:2022 pages:100037- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avrs.2022.100037 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/b22551cc4e5e4aa192e9ff5f9af86529 kostenfrei http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2053716622000330 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2053-7166 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_4305 AR 13 2022 100037- |
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10.1016/j.avrs.2022.100037 doi (DE-627)DOAJ002219921 (DE-599)DOAJb22551cc4e5e4aa192e9ff5f9af86529 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QL1-991 Limin Wang verfasserin aut Seasonal variations in gonad morphology and hypothalamic GnRH-I and GnIH in Eurasian Tree Sparrow, a multi-brooded passerine 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis ubiquitously regulates seasonal reproduction, following the rhythmicity of a suite of environmental cues. Birds display prominent seasonal variations in gonad size regulated by two hypothalamic peptides, gonadotropin-releasing hormone-1 (GnRH-I) and gonadotropin-inhibiting hormone (GnIH). How multi-brooded avian species adjust GnRH-I and GnIH to regulate gonadal morphology seasonally remains largely unknown. Here, we studied the variations in the hypothalamic immunoreactivity (ir) of GnRH-I and GnIH, gonadal proliferation, and apoptosis in a typical multi-brooded species, the Eurasian Tree Sparrow (Passer montanus), across the pre-breeding (PB), first breeding (FB), second breeding (SB), pre-basic molt (PM), and wintering stages (WS). Our results showed that both sexes had higher preoptic area (POA)-GnRH-I-ir but lower paraventricular nucleus (PVN)-GnIH-ir neurons during the breeding stages (FB and SB) relative to other life-history stages, with no significant differences between two broods. The testes and ovaries were significantly larger during the breeding stages. Testicular volume increased during the two broods due to anincreased diameter of seminiferous tubules. Furthermore, there were more testicular apoptotic cells in PB and WS stages than in breeding stages, and in PB stage than in PM stage. Males had higher POA-GnRH-I expression than females during the breeding stages, but both sexes had comparable PVN-GnIH expression throughout the annual cycle. Both sexes of the sparrows may undergo a similar pattern of life-history stage-dependent variation in the hypothalamic GnRH-I, GnIH, and gonadal morphology, except that during breeding stages, males may display higher expression of POA-GnRH-I relative to females. The higher expression of POA-GnRH-I-ir in breeding male sparrows may be critical for male-dependent parental care. Eurasian Tree Sparrow Gonads Hypothalamus Reproduction Seasonality Zoology Ghulam Nabi verfasserin aut Li Zhang verfasserin aut Dan Liu verfasserin aut Mo Li verfasserin aut Juyong Li verfasserin aut Kaixin Shi verfasserin aut Ibrahim M. Ahmad verfasserin aut Yuefeng Wu verfasserin aut John C. Wingfield verfasserin aut Dongming Li verfasserin aut In Avian Research KeAi Communications Co., Ltd., 2015 13(2022), Seite 100037- (DE-627)815913753 (DE-600)2806572-4 20537166 nnns volume:13 year:2022 pages:100037- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avrs.2022.100037 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/b22551cc4e5e4aa192e9ff5f9af86529 kostenfrei http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2053716622000330 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2053-7166 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_4305 AR 13 2022 100037- |
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10.1016/j.avrs.2022.100037 doi (DE-627)DOAJ002219921 (DE-599)DOAJb22551cc4e5e4aa192e9ff5f9af86529 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QL1-991 Limin Wang verfasserin aut Seasonal variations in gonad morphology and hypothalamic GnRH-I and GnIH in Eurasian Tree Sparrow, a multi-brooded passerine 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis ubiquitously regulates seasonal reproduction, following the rhythmicity of a suite of environmental cues. Birds display prominent seasonal variations in gonad size regulated by two hypothalamic peptides, gonadotropin-releasing hormone-1 (GnRH-I) and gonadotropin-inhibiting hormone (GnIH). How multi-brooded avian species adjust GnRH-I and GnIH to regulate gonadal morphology seasonally remains largely unknown. Here, we studied the variations in the hypothalamic immunoreactivity (ir) of GnRH-I and GnIH, gonadal proliferation, and apoptosis in a typical multi-brooded species, the Eurasian Tree Sparrow (Passer montanus), across the pre-breeding (PB), first breeding (FB), second breeding (SB), pre-basic molt (PM), and wintering stages (WS). Our results showed that both sexes had higher preoptic area (POA)-GnRH-I-ir but lower paraventricular nucleus (PVN)-GnIH-ir neurons during the breeding stages (FB and SB) relative to other life-history stages, with no significant differences between two broods. The testes and ovaries were significantly larger during the breeding stages. Testicular volume increased during the two broods due to anincreased diameter of seminiferous tubules. Furthermore, there were more testicular apoptotic cells in PB and WS stages than in breeding stages, and in PB stage than in PM stage. Males had higher POA-GnRH-I expression than females during the breeding stages, but both sexes had comparable PVN-GnIH expression throughout the annual cycle. Both sexes of the sparrows may undergo a similar pattern of life-history stage-dependent variation in the hypothalamic GnRH-I, GnIH, and gonadal morphology, except that during breeding stages, males may display higher expression of POA-GnRH-I relative to females. The higher expression of POA-GnRH-I-ir in breeding male sparrows may be critical for male-dependent parental care. Eurasian Tree Sparrow Gonads Hypothalamus Reproduction Seasonality Zoology Ghulam Nabi verfasserin aut Li Zhang verfasserin aut Dan Liu verfasserin aut Mo Li verfasserin aut Juyong Li verfasserin aut Kaixin Shi verfasserin aut Ibrahim M. Ahmad verfasserin aut Yuefeng Wu verfasserin aut John C. Wingfield verfasserin aut Dongming Li verfasserin aut In Avian Research KeAi Communications Co., Ltd., 2015 13(2022), Seite 100037- (DE-627)815913753 (DE-600)2806572-4 20537166 nnns volume:13 year:2022 pages:100037- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avrs.2022.100037 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/b22551cc4e5e4aa192e9ff5f9af86529 kostenfrei http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2053716622000330 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2053-7166 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_4305 AR 13 2022 100037- |
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10.1016/j.avrs.2022.100037 doi (DE-627)DOAJ002219921 (DE-599)DOAJb22551cc4e5e4aa192e9ff5f9af86529 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QL1-991 Limin Wang verfasserin aut Seasonal variations in gonad morphology and hypothalamic GnRH-I and GnIH in Eurasian Tree Sparrow, a multi-brooded passerine 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis ubiquitously regulates seasonal reproduction, following the rhythmicity of a suite of environmental cues. Birds display prominent seasonal variations in gonad size regulated by two hypothalamic peptides, gonadotropin-releasing hormone-1 (GnRH-I) and gonadotropin-inhibiting hormone (GnIH). How multi-brooded avian species adjust GnRH-I and GnIH to regulate gonadal morphology seasonally remains largely unknown. Here, we studied the variations in the hypothalamic immunoreactivity (ir) of GnRH-I and GnIH, gonadal proliferation, and apoptosis in a typical multi-brooded species, the Eurasian Tree Sparrow (Passer montanus), across the pre-breeding (PB), first breeding (FB), second breeding (SB), pre-basic molt (PM), and wintering stages (WS). Our results showed that both sexes had higher preoptic area (POA)-GnRH-I-ir but lower paraventricular nucleus (PVN)-GnIH-ir neurons during the breeding stages (FB and SB) relative to other life-history stages, with no significant differences between two broods. The testes and ovaries were significantly larger during the breeding stages. Testicular volume increased during the two broods due to anincreased diameter of seminiferous tubules. Furthermore, there were more testicular apoptotic cells in PB and WS stages than in breeding stages, and in PB stage than in PM stage. Males had higher POA-GnRH-I expression than females during the breeding stages, but both sexes had comparable PVN-GnIH expression throughout the annual cycle. Both sexes of the sparrows may undergo a similar pattern of life-history stage-dependent variation in the hypothalamic GnRH-I, GnIH, and gonadal morphology, except that during breeding stages, males may display higher expression of POA-GnRH-I relative to females. The higher expression of POA-GnRH-I-ir in breeding male sparrows may be critical for male-dependent parental care. Eurasian Tree Sparrow Gonads Hypothalamus Reproduction Seasonality Zoology Ghulam Nabi verfasserin aut Li Zhang verfasserin aut Dan Liu verfasserin aut Mo Li verfasserin aut Juyong Li verfasserin aut Kaixin Shi verfasserin aut Ibrahim M. Ahmad verfasserin aut Yuefeng Wu verfasserin aut John C. Wingfield verfasserin aut Dongming Li verfasserin aut In Avian Research KeAi Communications Co., Ltd., 2015 13(2022), Seite 100037- (DE-627)815913753 (DE-600)2806572-4 20537166 nnns volume:13 year:2022 pages:100037- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avrs.2022.100037 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/b22551cc4e5e4aa192e9ff5f9af86529 kostenfrei http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2053716622000330 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2053-7166 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_4305 AR 13 2022 100037- |
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10.1016/j.avrs.2022.100037 doi (DE-627)DOAJ002219921 (DE-599)DOAJb22551cc4e5e4aa192e9ff5f9af86529 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QL1-991 Limin Wang verfasserin aut Seasonal variations in gonad morphology and hypothalamic GnRH-I and GnIH in Eurasian Tree Sparrow, a multi-brooded passerine 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis ubiquitously regulates seasonal reproduction, following the rhythmicity of a suite of environmental cues. Birds display prominent seasonal variations in gonad size regulated by two hypothalamic peptides, gonadotropin-releasing hormone-1 (GnRH-I) and gonadotropin-inhibiting hormone (GnIH). How multi-brooded avian species adjust GnRH-I and GnIH to regulate gonadal morphology seasonally remains largely unknown. Here, we studied the variations in the hypothalamic immunoreactivity (ir) of GnRH-I and GnIH, gonadal proliferation, and apoptosis in a typical multi-brooded species, the Eurasian Tree Sparrow (Passer montanus), across the pre-breeding (PB), first breeding (FB), second breeding (SB), pre-basic molt (PM), and wintering stages (WS). Our results showed that both sexes had higher preoptic area (POA)-GnRH-I-ir but lower paraventricular nucleus (PVN)-GnIH-ir neurons during the breeding stages (FB and SB) relative to other life-history stages, with no significant differences between two broods. The testes and ovaries were significantly larger during the breeding stages. Testicular volume increased during the two broods due to anincreased diameter of seminiferous tubules. Furthermore, there were more testicular apoptotic cells in PB and WS stages than in breeding stages, and in PB stage than in PM stage. Males had higher POA-GnRH-I expression than females during the breeding stages, but both sexes had comparable PVN-GnIH expression throughout the annual cycle. Both sexes of the sparrows may undergo a similar pattern of life-history stage-dependent variation in the hypothalamic GnRH-I, GnIH, and gonadal morphology, except that during breeding stages, males may display higher expression of POA-GnRH-I relative to females. The higher expression of POA-GnRH-I-ir in breeding male sparrows may be critical for male-dependent parental care. Eurasian Tree Sparrow Gonads Hypothalamus Reproduction Seasonality Zoology Ghulam Nabi verfasserin aut Li Zhang verfasserin aut Dan Liu verfasserin aut Mo Li verfasserin aut Juyong Li verfasserin aut Kaixin Shi verfasserin aut Ibrahim M. Ahmad verfasserin aut Yuefeng Wu verfasserin aut John C. Wingfield verfasserin aut Dongming Li verfasserin aut In Avian Research KeAi Communications Co., Ltd., 2015 13(2022), Seite 100037- (DE-627)815913753 (DE-600)2806572-4 20537166 nnns volume:13 year:2022 pages:100037- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avrs.2022.100037 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/b22551cc4e5e4aa192e9ff5f9af86529 kostenfrei http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2053716622000330 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2053-7166 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_4305 AR 13 2022 100037- |
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Birds display prominent seasonal variations in gonad size regulated by two hypothalamic peptides, gonadotropin-releasing hormone-1 (GnRH-I) and gonadotropin-inhibiting hormone (GnIH). How multi-brooded avian species adjust GnRH-I and GnIH to regulate gonadal morphology seasonally remains largely unknown. Here, we studied the variations in the hypothalamic immunoreactivity (ir) of GnRH-I and GnIH, gonadal proliferation, and apoptosis in a typical multi-brooded species, the Eurasian Tree Sparrow (Passer montanus), across the pre-breeding (PB), first breeding (FB), second breeding (SB), pre-basic molt (PM), and wintering stages (WS). Our results showed that both sexes had higher preoptic area (POA)-GnRH-I-ir but lower paraventricular nucleus (PVN)-GnIH-ir neurons during the breeding stages (FB and SB) relative to other life-history stages, with no significant differences between two broods. The testes and ovaries were significantly larger during the breeding stages. 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Limin Wang |
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QL1-991 Seasonal variations in gonad morphology and hypothalamic GnRH-I and GnIH in Eurasian Tree Sparrow, a multi-brooded passerine Eurasian Tree Sparrow Gonads Hypothalamus Reproduction Seasonality |
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Seasonal variations in gonad morphology and hypothalamic GnRH-I and GnIH in Eurasian Tree Sparrow, a multi-brooded passerine |
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Seasonal variations in gonad morphology and hypothalamic GnRH-I and GnIH in Eurasian Tree Sparrow, a multi-brooded passerine |
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seasonal variations in gonad morphology and hypothalamic gnrh-i and gnih in eurasian tree sparrow, a multi-brooded passerine |
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Seasonal variations in gonad morphology and hypothalamic GnRH-I and GnIH in Eurasian Tree Sparrow, a multi-brooded passerine |
| abstract |
The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis ubiquitously regulates seasonal reproduction, following the rhythmicity of a suite of environmental cues. Birds display prominent seasonal variations in gonad size regulated by two hypothalamic peptides, gonadotropin-releasing hormone-1 (GnRH-I) and gonadotropin-inhibiting hormone (GnIH). How multi-brooded avian species adjust GnRH-I and GnIH to regulate gonadal morphology seasonally remains largely unknown. Here, we studied the variations in the hypothalamic immunoreactivity (ir) of GnRH-I and GnIH, gonadal proliferation, and apoptosis in a typical multi-brooded species, the Eurasian Tree Sparrow (Passer montanus), across the pre-breeding (PB), first breeding (FB), second breeding (SB), pre-basic molt (PM), and wintering stages (WS). Our results showed that both sexes had higher preoptic area (POA)-GnRH-I-ir but lower paraventricular nucleus (PVN)-GnIH-ir neurons during the breeding stages (FB and SB) relative to other life-history stages, with no significant differences between two broods. The testes and ovaries were significantly larger during the breeding stages. Testicular volume increased during the two broods due to anincreased diameter of seminiferous tubules. Furthermore, there were more testicular apoptotic cells in PB and WS stages than in breeding stages, and in PB stage than in PM stage. Males had higher POA-GnRH-I expression than females during the breeding stages, but both sexes had comparable PVN-GnIH expression throughout the annual cycle. Both sexes of the sparrows may undergo a similar pattern of life-history stage-dependent variation in the hypothalamic GnRH-I, GnIH, and gonadal morphology, except that during breeding stages, males may display higher expression of POA-GnRH-I relative to females. The higher expression of POA-GnRH-I-ir in breeding male sparrows may be critical for male-dependent parental care. |
| abstractGer |
The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis ubiquitously regulates seasonal reproduction, following the rhythmicity of a suite of environmental cues. Birds display prominent seasonal variations in gonad size regulated by two hypothalamic peptides, gonadotropin-releasing hormone-1 (GnRH-I) and gonadotropin-inhibiting hormone (GnIH). How multi-brooded avian species adjust GnRH-I and GnIH to regulate gonadal morphology seasonally remains largely unknown. Here, we studied the variations in the hypothalamic immunoreactivity (ir) of GnRH-I and GnIH, gonadal proliferation, and apoptosis in a typical multi-brooded species, the Eurasian Tree Sparrow (Passer montanus), across the pre-breeding (PB), first breeding (FB), second breeding (SB), pre-basic molt (PM), and wintering stages (WS). Our results showed that both sexes had higher preoptic area (POA)-GnRH-I-ir but lower paraventricular nucleus (PVN)-GnIH-ir neurons during the breeding stages (FB and SB) relative to other life-history stages, with no significant differences between two broods. The testes and ovaries were significantly larger during the breeding stages. Testicular volume increased during the two broods due to anincreased diameter of seminiferous tubules. Furthermore, there were more testicular apoptotic cells in PB and WS stages than in breeding stages, and in PB stage than in PM stage. Males had higher POA-GnRH-I expression than females during the breeding stages, but both sexes had comparable PVN-GnIH expression throughout the annual cycle. Both sexes of the sparrows may undergo a similar pattern of life-history stage-dependent variation in the hypothalamic GnRH-I, GnIH, and gonadal morphology, except that during breeding stages, males may display higher expression of POA-GnRH-I relative to females. The higher expression of POA-GnRH-I-ir in breeding male sparrows may be critical for male-dependent parental care. |
| abstract_unstemmed |
The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis ubiquitously regulates seasonal reproduction, following the rhythmicity of a suite of environmental cues. Birds display prominent seasonal variations in gonad size regulated by two hypothalamic peptides, gonadotropin-releasing hormone-1 (GnRH-I) and gonadotropin-inhibiting hormone (GnIH). How multi-brooded avian species adjust GnRH-I and GnIH to regulate gonadal morphology seasonally remains largely unknown. Here, we studied the variations in the hypothalamic immunoreactivity (ir) of GnRH-I and GnIH, gonadal proliferation, and apoptosis in a typical multi-brooded species, the Eurasian Tree Sparrow (Passer montanus), across the pre-breeding (PB), first breeding (FB), second breeding (SB), pre-basic molt (PM), and wintering stages (WS). Our results showed that both sexes had higher preoptic area (POA)-GnRH-I-ir but lower paraventricular nucleus (PVN)-GnIH-ir neurons during the breeding stages (FB and SB) relative to other life-history stages, with no significant differences between two broods. The testes and ovaries were significantly larger during the breeding stages. Testicular volume increased during the two broods due to anincreased diameter of seminiferous tubules. Furthermore, there were more testicular apoptotic cells in PB and WS stages than in breeding stages, and in PB stage than in PM stage. Males had higher POA-GnRH-I expression than females during the breeding stages, but both sexes had comparable PVN-GnIH expression throughout the annual cycle. Both sexes of the sparrows may undergo a similar pattern of life-history stage-dependent variation in the hypothalamic GnRH-I, GnIH, and gonadal morphology, except that during breeding stages, males may display higher expression of POA-GnRH-I relative to females. The higher expression of POA-GnRH-I-ir in breeding male sparrows may be critical for male-dependent parental care. |
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Seasonal variations in gonad morphology and hypothalamic GnRH-I and GnIH in Eurasian Tree Sparrow, a multi-brooded passerine |
| url |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avrs.2022.100037 https://doaj.org/article/b22551cc4e5e4aa192e9ff5f9af86529 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2053716622000330 https://doaj.org/toc/2053-7166 |
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