Deciphering fluid origins in the Paleozoic Laoshankou Fe-Cu-Au deposit, East Junggar: Constraints from noble gases and halogens
To constrain the ore-fluid source(s) of the Laoshankou Fe-Cu-Au deposit (Junggar orogen, NW China), we analyzed the fluid inclusion (FI) noble gas (Ar, Kr and Xe) and halogen (Cl, Br and I) compositions in the hydrothermal epidote and quartz. Four hypogene alteration/mineralization stages, including...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Pei Liang [verfasserIn] Huayong Chen [verfasserIn] Liandang Zhao [verfasserIn] Chao Wu [verfasserIn] Yuling Xie [verfasserIn] Chun-Kit Lai [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2021 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
In: Geoscience Frontiers - Elsevier, 2016, 12(2021), 5, Seite 101173- |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:12 ; year:2021 ; number:5 ; pages:101173- |
| Links: |
|---|
| DOI / URN: |
10.1016/j.gsf.2021.101173 |
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| Katalog-ID: |
DOAJ002772086 |
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| 520 | |a To constrain the ore-fluid source(s) of the Laoshankou Fe-Cu-Au deposit (Junggar orogen, NW China), we analyzed the fluid inclusion (FI) noble gas (Ar, Kr and Xe) and halogen (Cl, Br and I) compositions in the hydrothermal epidote and quartz. Four hypogene alteration/mineralization stages, including (I) pre-ore Ca-silicate, (II) early-ore amphibole-epidote-magnetite, (III) late-ore pyrite-chalcopyrite, and (IV) post-ore hydrothermal veining, have been identified at Laoshankou. Stage II FIs have salinity of 15.7 wt.% (NaCl eq.), I/Cl molar ratios of 75 × 10−6–135 × 10−6, and Br/Cl molar ratios of 1.4 × 10−3–2.1 × 10−3. The moderately-high seawater-corrected Br*/I ratios (0.5–1.5) and low 40ArE/Cl slope (~10−5) indicate the presence of sedimentary marine pore fluid, which was modified by seawater reacting with the Beitashan Fm. volcanic rocks. Stage III fluid is more saline than their stage II and IV counterparts, reaching up to 23.3 wt.% (NaCl+CaCl2 eq.) close to halite saturation (~26 wt.%). The fluid has I/Cl ratios of 75 × 10−6–90 × 10−6 and Br/Cl ratios of 1.5 × 10−3–1.8 × 10−3. Considering the increasing 40ArE/Cl trend toward bittern brine and the higher 36Ar content than air-saturated water (ASW), a bittern fluid source is inferred from seawater evaporation, which was modified by interaction with organic-rich marine sedimentary rocks. Stage IV FIs have lower temperature (110–228 °C) and Br/Cl (0.90 × 10−3–1.2 × 10−3), but higher 36Ar content than ASW, indicative of dissolved evaporite or halite input. Considering also the low δDfluid (−114‰ to −144‰) and δ18Ofluid (2.1‰–3.5‰) values, meteoric water (with minor dissolved evaporites) likely dominated the stage IV fluid. The evaporites may have formed through continuous evaporation of the stage III surface-derived bittern. Involvement of non-magmatic fluids and different ore-fluid origins in stages II and III suggest that the ore-forming process was different from a typical magmatic-hydrothermal fluid-dominated skarn mineralization, which was previously proposed for Laoshankou. Our noble gas and halogen study at Laoshankou provide new insights on the fluid sources for the Paleozoic Fe−Cu (−Au) deposits in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), and our non-magmatic fluid source interpretation is consistent with the basin inversion setting for the mineralization. | ||
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| 650 | 4 | |a Fluid inclusion | |
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10.1016/j.gsf.2021.101173 doi (DE-627)DOAJ002772086 (DE-599)DOAJb53bfae97a0148f9ad4ac214aa575406 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QE1-996.5 Pei Liang verfasserin aut Deciphering fluid origins in the Paleozoic Laoshankou Fe-Cu-Au deposit, East Junggar: Constraints from noble gases and halogens 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier To constrain the ore-fluid source(s) of the Laoshankou Fe-Cu-Au deposit (Junggar orogen, NW China), we analyzed the fluid inclusion (FI) noble gas (Ar, Kr and Xe) and halogen (Cl, Br and I) compositions in the hydrothermal epidote and quartz. Four hypogene alteration/mineralization stages, including (I) pre-ore Ca-silicate, (II) early-ore amphibole-epidote-magnetite, (III) late-ore pyrite-chalcopyrite, and (IV) post-ore hydrothermal veining, have been identified at Laoshankou. Stage II FIs have salinity of 15.7 wt.% (NaCl eq.), I/Cl molar ratios of 75 × 10−6–135 × 10−6, and Br/Cl molar ratios of 1.4 × 10−3–2.1 × 10−3. The moderately-high seawater-corrected Br*/I ratios (0.5–1.5) and low 40ArE/Cl slope (~10−5) indicate the presence of sedimentary marine pore fluid, which was modified by seawater reacting with the Beitashan Fm. volcanic rocks. Stage III fluid is more saline than their stage II and IV counterparts, reaching up to 23.3 wt.% (NaCl+CaCl2 eq.) close to halite saturation (~26 wt.%). The fluid has I/Cl ratios of 75 × 10−6–90 × 10−6 and Br/Cl ratios of 1.5 × 10−3–1.8 × 10−3. Considering the increasing 40ArE/Cl trend toward bittern brine and the higher 36Ar content than air-saturated water (ASW), a bittern fluid source is inferred from seawater evaporation, which was modified by interaction with organic-rich marine sedimentary rocks. Stage IV FIs have lower temperature (110–228 °C) and Br/Cl (0.90 × 10−3–1.2 × 10−3), but higher 36Ar content than ASW, indicative of dissolved evaporite or halite input. Considering also the low δDfluid (−114‰ to −144‰) and δ18Ofluid (2.1‰–3.5‰) values, meteoric water (with minor dissolved evaporites) likely dominated the stage IV fluid. The evaporites may have formed through continuous evaporation of the stage III surface-derived bittern. Involvement of non-magmatic fluids and different ore-fluid origins in stages II and III suggest that the ore-forming process was different from a typical magmatic-hydrothermal fluid-dominated skarn mineralization, which was previously proposed for Laoshankou. Our noble gas and halogen study at Laoshankou provide new insights on the fluid sources for the Paleozoic Fe−Cu (−Au) deposits in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), and our non-magmatic fluid source interpretation is consistent with the basin inversion setting for the mineralization. Halogen and noble gas Fluid inclusion Non-magmatic fluids Laoshankou Fe-Cu-Au deposit Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) Geology Huayong Chen verfasserin aut Liandang Zhao verfasserin aut Chao Wu verfasserin aut Yuling Xie verfasserin aut Chun-Kit Lai verfasserin aut In Geoscience Frontiers Elsevier, 2016 12(2021), 5, Seite 101173- (DE-627)DOAJ000091189 25889192 nnns volume:12 year:2021 number:5 pages:101173- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2021.101173 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/b53bfae97a0148f9ad4ac214aa575406 kostenfrei http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987121000372 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1674-9871 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ AR 12 2021 5 101173- |
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10.1016/j.gsf.2021.101173 doi (DE-627)DOAJ002772086 (DE-599)DOAJb53bfae97a0148f9ad4ac214aa575406 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QE1-996.5 Pei Liang verfasserin aut Deciphering fluid origins in the Paleozoic Laoshankou Fe-Cu-Au deposit, East Junggar: Constraints from noble gases and halogens 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier To constrain the ore-fluid source(s) of the Laoshankou Fe-Cu-Au deposit (Junggar orogen, NW China), we analyzed the fluid inclusion (FI) noble gas (Ar, Kr and Xe) and halogen (Cl, Br and I) compositions in the hydrothermal epidote and quartz. Four hypogene alteration/mineralization stages, including (I) pre-ore Ca-silicate, (II) early-ore amphibole-epidote-magnetite, (III) late-ore pyrite-chalcopyrite, and (IV) post-ore hydrothermal veining, have been identified at Laoshankou. Stage II FIs have salinity of 15.7 wt.% (NaCl eq.), I/Cl molar ratios of 75 × 10−6–135 × 10−6, and Br/Cl molar ratios of 1.4 × 10−3–2.1 × 10−3. The moderately-high seawater-corrected Br*/I ratios (0.5–1.5) and low 40ArE/Cl slope (~10−5) indicate the presence of sedimentary marine pore fluid, which was modified by seawater reacting with the Beitashan Fm. volcanic rocks. Stage III fluid is more saline than their stage II and IV counterparts, reaching up to 23.3 wt.% (NaCl+CaCl2 eq.) close to halite saturation (~26 wt.%). The fluid has I/Cl ratios of 75 × 10−6–90 × 10−6 and Br/Cl ratios of 1.5 × 10−3–1.8 × 10−3. Considering the increasing 40ArE/Cl trend toward bittern brine and the higher 36Ar content than air-saturated water (ASW), a bittern fluid source is inferred from seawater evaporation, which was modified by interaction with organic-rich marine sedimentary rocks. Stage IV FIs have lower temperature (110–228 °C) and Br/Cl (0.90 × 10−3–1.2 × 10−3), but higher 36Ar content than ASW, indicative of dissolved evaporite or halite input. Considering also the low δDfluid (−114‰ to −144‰) and δ18Ofluid (2.1‰–3.5‰) values, meteoric water (with minor dissolved evaporites) likely dominated the stage IV fluid. The evaporites may have formed through continuous evaporation of the stage III surface-derived bittern. Involvement of non-magmatic fluids and different ore-fluid origins in stages II and III suggest that the ore-forming process was different from a typical magmatic-hydrothermal fluid-dominated skarn mineralization, which was previously proposed for Laoshankou. Our noble gas and halogen study at Laoshankou provide new insights on the fluid sources for the Paleozoic Fe−Cu (−Au) deposits in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), and our non-magmatic fluid source interpretation is consistent with the basin inversion setting for the mineralization. Halogen and noble gas Fluid inclusion Non-magmatic fluids Laoshankou Fe-Cu-Au deposit Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) Geology Huayong Chen verfasserin aut Liandang Zhao verfasserin aut Chao Wu verfasserin aut Yuling Xie verfasserin aut Chun-Kit Lai verfasserin aut In Geoscience Frontiers Elsevier, 2016 12(2021), 5, Seite 101173- (DE-627)DOAJ000091189 25889192 nnns volume:12 year:2021 number:5 pages:101173- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2021.101173 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/b53bfae97a0148f9ad4ac214aa575406 kostenfrei http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987121000372 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1674-9871 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ AR 12 2021 5 101173- |
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10.1016/j.gsf.2021.101173 doi (DE-627)DOAJ002772086 (DE-599)DOAJb53bfae97a0148f9ad4ac214aa575406 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QE1-996.5 Pei Liang verfasserin aut Deciphering fluid origins in the Paleozoic Laoshankou Fe-Cu-Au deposit, East Junggar: Constraints from noble gases and halogens 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier To constrain the ore-fluid source(s) of the Laoshankou Fe-Cu-Au deposit (Junggar orogen, NW China), we analyzed the fluid inclusion (FI) noble gas (Ar, Kr and Xe) and halogen (Cl, Br and I) compositions in the hydrothermal epidote and quartz. Four hypogene alteration/mineralization stages, including (I) pre-ore Ca-silicate, (II) early-ore amphibole-epidote-magnetite, (III) late-ore pyrite-chalcopyrite, and (IV) post-ore hydrothermal veining, have been identified at Laoshankou. Stage II FIs have salinity of 15.7 wt.% (NaCl eq.), I/Cl molar ratios of 75 × 10−6–135 × 10−6, and Br/Cl molar ratios of 1.4 × 10−3–2.1 × 10−3. The moderately-high seawater-corrected Br*/I ratios (0.5–1.5) and low 40ArE/Cl slope (~10−5) indicate the presence of sedimentary marine pore fluid, which was modified by seawater reacting with the Beitashan Fm. volcanic rocks. Stage III fluid is more saline than their stage II and IV counterparts, reaching up to 23.3 wt.% (NaCl+CaCl2 eq.) close to halite saturation (~26 wt.%). The fluid has I/Cl ratios of 75 × 10−6–90 × 10−6 and Br/Cl ratios of 1.5 × 10−3–1.8 × 10−3. Considering the increasing 40ArE/Cl trend toward bittern brine and the higher 36Ar content than air-saturated water (ASW), a bittern fluid source is inferred from seawater evaporation, which was modified by interaction with organic-rich marine sedimentary rocks. Stage IV FIs have lower temperature (110–228 °C) and Br/Cl (0.90 × 10−3–1.2 × 10−3), but higher 36Ar content than ASW, indicative of dissolved evaporite or halite input. Considering also the low δDfluid (−114‰ to −144‰) and δ18Ofluid (2.1‰–3.5‰) values, meteoric water (with minor dissolved evaporites) likely dominated the stage IV fluid. The evaporites may have formed through continuous evaporation of the stage III surface-derived bittern. Involvement of non-magmatic fluids and different ore-fluid origins in stages II and III suggest that the ore-forming process was different from a typical magmatic-hydrothermal fluid-dominated skarn mineralization, which was previously proposed for Laoshankou. Our noble gas and halogen study at Laoshankou provide new insights on the fluid sources for the Paleozoic Fe−Cu (−Au) deposits in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), and our non-magmatic fluid source interpretation is consistent with the basin inversion setting for the mineralization. Halogen and noble gas Fluid inclusion Non-magmatic fluids Laoshankou Fe-Cu-Au deposit Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) Geology Huayong Chen verfasserin aut Liandang Zhao verfasserin aut Chao Wu verfasserin aut Yuling Xie verfasserin aut Chun-Kit Lai verfasserin aut In Geoscience Frontiers Elsevier, 2016 12(2021), 5, Seite 101173- (DE-627)DOAJ000091189 25889192 nnns volume:12 year:2021 number:5 pages:101173- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2021.101173 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/b53bfae97a0148f9ad4ac214aa575406 kostenfrei http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987121000372 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1674-9871 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ AR 12 2021 5 101173- |
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10.1016/j.gsf.2021.101173 doi (DE-627)DOAJ002772086 (DE-599)DOAJb53bfae97a0148f9ad4ac214aa575406 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QE1-996.5 Pei Liang verfasserin aut Deciphering fluid origins in the Paleozoic Laoshankou Fe-Cu-Au deposit, East Junggar: Constraints from noble gases and halogens 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier To constrain the ore-fluid source(s) of the Laoshankou Fe-Cu-Au deposit (Junggar orogen, NW China), we analyzed the fluid inclusion (FI) noble gas (Ar, Kr and Xe) and halogen (Cl, Br and I) compositions in the hydrothermal epidote and quartz. Four hypogene alteration/mineralization stages, including (I) pre-ore Ca-silicate, (II) early-ore amphibole-epidote-magnetite, (III) late-ore pyrite-chalcopyrite, and (IV) post-ore hydrothermal veining, have been identified at Laoshankou. Stage II FIs have salinity of 15.7 wt.% (NaCl eq.), I/Cl molar ratios of 75 × 10−6–135 × 10−6, and Br/Cl molar ratios of 1.4 × 10−3–2.1 × 10−3. The moderately-high seawater-corrected Br*/I ratios (0.5–1.5) and low 40ArE/Cl slope (~10−5) indicate the presence of sedimentary marine pore fluid, which was modified by seawater reacting with the Beitashan Fm. volcanic rocks. Stage III fluid is more saline than their stage II and IV counterparts, reaching up to 23.3 wt.% (NaCl+CaCl2 eq.) close to halite saturation (~26 wt.%). The fluid has I/Cl ratios of 75 × 10−6–90 × 10−6 and Br/Cl ratios of 1.5 × 10−3–1.8 × 10−3. Considering the increasing 40ArE/Cl trend toward bittern brine and the higher 36Ar content than air-saturated water (ASW), a bittern fluid source is inferred from seawater evaporation, which was modified by interaction with organic-rich marine sedimentary rocks. Stage IV FIs have lower temperature (110–228 °C) and Br/Cl (0.90 × 10−3–1.2 × 10−3), but higher 36Ar content than ASW, indicative of dissolved evaporite or halite input. Considering also the low δDfluid (−114‰ to −144‰) and δ18Ofluid (2.1‰–3.5‰) values, meteoric water (with minor dissolved evaporites) likely dominated the stage IV fluid. The evaporites may have formed through continuous evaporation of the stage III surface-derived bittern. Involvement of non-magmatic fluids and different ore-fluid origins in stages II and III suggest that the ore-forming process was different from a typical magmatic-hydrothermal fluid-dominated skarn mineralization, which was previously proposed for Laoshankou. Our noble gas and halogen study at Laoshankou provide new insights on the fluid sources for the Paleozoic Fe−Cu (−Au) deposits in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), and our non-magmatic fluid source interpretation is consistent with the basin inversion setting for the mineralization. Halogen and noble gas Fluid inclusion Non-magmatic fluids Laoshankou Fe-Cu-Au deposit Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) Geology Huayong Chen verfasserin aut Liandang Zhao verfasserin aut Chao Wu verfasserin aut Yuling Xie verfasserin aut Chun-Kit Lai verfasserin aut In Geoscience Frontiers Elsevier, 2016 12(2021), 5, Seite 101173- (DE-627)DOAJ000091189 25889192 nnns volume:12 year:2021 number:5 pages:101173- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2021.101173 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/b53bfae97a0148f9ad4ac214aa575406 kostenfrei http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987121000372 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1674-9871 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ AR 12 2021 5 101173- |
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10.1016/j.gsf.2021.101173 doi (DE-627)DOAJ002772086 (DE-599)DOAJb53bfae97a0148f9ad4ac214aa575406 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QE1-996.5 Pei Liang verfasserin aut Deciphering fluid origins in the Paleozoic Laoshankou Fe-Cu-Au deposit, East Junggar: Constraints from noble gases and halogens 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier To constrain the ore-fluid source(s) of the Laoshankou Fe-Cu-Au deposit (Junggar orogen, NW China), we analyzed the fluid inclusion (FI) noble gas (Ar, Kr and Xe) and halogen (Cl, Br and I) compositions in the hydrothermal epidote and quartz. Four hypogene alteration/mineralization stages, including (I) pre-ore Ca-silicate, (II) early-ore amphibole-epidote-magnetite, (III) late-ore pyrite-chalcopyrite, and (IV) post-ore hydrothermal veining, have been identified at Laoshankou. Stage II FIs have salinity of 15.7 wt.% (NaCl eq.), I/Cl molar ratios of 75 × 10−6–135 × 10−6, and Br/Cl molar ratios of 1.4 × 10−3–2.1 × 10−3. The moderately-high seawater-corrected Br*/I ratios (0.5–1.5) and low 40ArE/Cl slope (~10−5) indicate the presence of sedimentary marine pore fluid, which was modified by seawater reacting with the Beitashan Fm. volcanic rocks. Stage III fluid is more saline than their stage II and IV counterparts, reaching up to 23.3 wt.% (NaCl+CaCl2 eq.) close to halite saturation (~26 wt.%). The fluid has I/Cl ratios of 75 × 10−6–90 × 10−6 and Br/Cl ratios of 1.5 × 10−3–1.8 × 10−3. Considering the increasing 40ArE/Cl trend toward bittern brine and the higher 36Ar content than air-saturated water (ASW), a bittern fluid source is inferred from seawater evaporation, which was modified by interaction with organic-rich marine sedimentary rocks. Stage IV FIs have lower temperature (110–228 °C) and Br/Cl (0.90 × 10−3–1.2 × 10−3), but higher 36Ar content than ASW, indicative of dissolved evaporite or halite input. Considering also the low δDfluid (−114‰ to −144‰) and δ18Ofluid (2.1‰–3.5‰) values, meteoric water (with minor dissolved evaporites) likely dominated the stage IV fluid. The evaporites may have formed through continuous evaporation of the stage III surface-derived bittern. Involvement of non-magmatic fluids and different ore-fluid origins in stages II and III suggest that the ore-forming process was different from a typical magmatic-hydrothermal fluid-dominated skarn mineralization, which was previously proposed for Laoshankou. Our noble gas and halogen study at Laoshankou provide new insights on the fluid sources for the Paleozoic Fe−Cu (−Au) deposits in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), and our non-magmatic fluid source interpretation is consistent with the basin inversion setting for the mineralization. Halogen and noble gas Fluid inclusion Non-magmatic fluids Laoshankou Fe-Cu-Au deposit Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) Geology Huayong Chen verfasserin aut Liandang Zhao verfasserin aut Chao Wu verfasserin aut Yuling Xie verfasserin aut Chun-Kit Lai verfasserin aut In Geoscience Frontiers Elsevier, 2016 12(2021), 5, Seite 101173- (DE-627)DOAJ000091189 25889192 nnns volume:12 year:2021 number:5 pages:101173- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2021.101173 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/b53bfae97a0148f9ad4ac214aa575406 kostenfrei http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987121000372 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1674-9871 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ AR 12 2021 5 101173- |
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QE1-996.5 Deciphering fluid origins in the Paleozoic Laoshankou Fe-Cu-Au deposit, East Junggar: Constraints from noble gases and halogens Halogen and noble gas Fluid inclusion Non-magmatic fluids Laoshankou Fe-Cu-Au deposit Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) |
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deciphering fluid origins in the paleozoic laoshankou fe-cu-au deposit, east junggar: constraints from noble gases and halogens |
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Deciphering fluid origins in the Paleozoic Laoshankou Fe-Cu-Au deposit, East Junggar: Constraints from noble gases and halogens |
| abstract |
To constrain the ore-fluid source(s) of the Laoshankou Fe-Cu-Au deposit (Junggar orogen, NW China), we analyzed the fluid inclusion (FI) noble gas (Ar, Kr and Xe) and halogen (Cl, Br and I) compositions in the hydrothermal epidote and quartz. Four hypogene alteration/mineralization stages, including (I) pre-ore Ca-silicate, (II) early-ore amphibole-epidote-magnetite, (III) late-ore pyrite-chalcopyrite, and (IV) post-ore hydrothermal veining, have been identified at Laoshankou. Stage II FIs have salinity of 15.7 wt.% (NaCl eq.), I/Cl molar ratios of 75 × 10−6–135 × 10−6, and Br/Cl molar ratios of 1.4 × 10−3–2.1 × 10−3. The moderately-high seawater-corrected Br*/I ratios (0.5–1.5) and low 40ArE/Cl slope (~10−5) indicate the presence of sedimentary marine pore fluid, which was modified by seawater reacting with the Beitashan Fm. volcanic rocks. Stage III fluid is more saline than their stage II and IV counterparts, reaching up to 23.3 wt.% (NaCl+CaCl2 eq.) close to halite saturation (~26 wt.%). The fluid has I/Cl ratios of 75 × 10−6–90 × 10−6 and Br/Cl ratios of 1.5 × 10−3–1.8 × 10−3. Considering the increasing 40ArE/Cl trend toward bittern brine and the higher 36Ar content than air-saturated water (ASW), a bittern fluid source is inferred from seawater evaporation, which was modified by interaction with organic-rich marine sedimentary rocks. Stage IV FIs have lower temperature (110–228 °C) and Br/Cl (0.90 × 10−3–1.2 × 10−3), but higher 36Ar content than ASW, indicative of dissolved evaporite or halite input. Considering also the low δDfluid (−114‰ to −144‰) and δ18Ofluid (2.1‰–3.5‰) values, meteoric water (with minor dissolved evaporites) likely dominated the stage IV fluid. The evaporites may have formed through continuous evaporation of the stage III surface-derived bittern. Involvement of non-magmatic fluids and different ore-fluid origins in stages II and III suggest that the ore-forming process was different from a typical magmatic-hydrothermal fluid-dominated skarn mineralization, which was previously proposed for Laoshankou. Our noble gas and halogen study at Laoshankou provide new insights on the fluid sources for the Paleozoic Fe−Cu (−Au) deposits in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), and our non-magmatic fluid source interpretation is consistent with the basin inversion setting for the mineralization. |
| abstractGer |
To constrain the ore-fluid source(s) of the Laoshankou Fe-Cu-Au deposit (Junggar orogen, NW China), we analyzed the fluid inclusion (FI) noble gas (Ar, Kr and Xe) and halogen (Cl, Br and I) compositions in the hydrothermal epidote and quartz. Four hypogene alteration/mineralization stages, including (I) pre-ore Ca-silicate, (II) early-ore amphibole-epidote-magnetite, (III) late-ore pyrite-chalcopyrite, and (IV) post-ore hydrothermal veining, have been identified at Laoshankou. Stage II FIs have salinity of 15.7 wt.% (NaCl eq.), I/Cl molar ratios of 75 × 10−6–135 × 10−6, and Br/Cl molar ratios of 1.4 × 10−3–2.1 × 10−3. The moderately-high seawater-corrected Br*/I ratios (0.5–1.5) and low 40ArE/Cl slope (~10−5) indicate the presence of sedimentary marine pore fluid, which was modified by seawater reacting with the Beitashan Fm. volcanic rocks. Stage III fluid is more saline than their stage II and IV counterparts, reaching up to 23.3 wt.% (NaCl+CaCl2 eq.) close to halite saturation (~26 wt.%). The fluid has I/Cl ratios of 75 × 10−6–90 × 10−6 and Br/Cl ratios of 1.5 × 10−3–1.8 × 10−3. Considering the increasing 40ArE/Cl trend toward bittern brine and the higher 36Ar content than air-saturated water (ASW), a bittern fluid source is inferred from seawater evaporation, which was modified by interaction with organic-rich marine sedimentary rocks. Stage IV FIs have lower temperature (110–228 °C) and Br/Cl (0.90 × 10−3–1.2 × 10−3), but higher 36Ar content than ASW, indicative of dissolved evaporite or halite input. Considering also the low δDfluid (−114‰ to −144‰) and δ18Ofluid (2.1‰–3.5‰) values, meteoric water (with minor dissolved evaporites) likely dominated the stage IV fluid. The evaporites may have formed through continuous evaporation of the stage III surface-derived bittern. Involvement of non-magmatic fluids and different ore-fluid origins in stages II and III suggest that the ore-forming process was different from a typical magmatic-hydrothermal fluid-dominated skarn mineralization, which was previously proposed for Laoshankou. Our noble gas and halogen study at Laoshankou provide new insights on the fluid sources for the Paleozoic Fe−Cu (−Au) deposits in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), and our non-magmatic fluid source interpretation is consistent with the basin inversion setting for the mineralization. |
| abstract_unstemmed |
To constrain the ore-fluid source(s) of the Laoshankou Fe-Cu-Au deposit (Junggar orogen, NW China), we analyzed the fluid inclusion (FI) noble gas (Ar, Kr and Xe) and halogen (Cl, Br and I) compositions in the hydrothermal epidote and quartz. Four hypogene alteration/mineralization stages, including (I) pre-ore Ca-silicate, (II) early-ore amphibole-epidote-magnetite, (III) late-ore pyrite-chalcopyrite, and (IV) post-ore hydrothermal veining, have been identified at Laoshankou. Stage II FIs have salinity of 15.7 wt.% (NaCl eq.), I/Cl molar ratios of 75 × 10−6–135 × 10−6, and Br/Cl molar ratios of 1.4 × 10−3–2.1 × 10−3. The moderately-high seawater-corrected Br*/I ratios (0.5–1.5) and low 40ArE/Cl slope (~10−5) indicate the presence of sedimentary marine pore fluid, which was modified by seawater reacting with the Beitashan Fm. volcanic rocks. Stage III fluid is more saline than their stage II and IV counterparts, reaching up to 23.3 wt.% (NaCl+CaCl2 eq.) close to halite saturation (~26 wt.%). The fluid has I/Cl ratios of 75 × 10−6–90 × 10−6 and Br/Cl ratios of 1.5 × 10−3–1.8 × 10−3. Considering the increasing 40ArE/Cl trend toward bittern brine and the higher 36Ar content than air-saturated water (ASW), a bittern fluid source is inferred from seawater evaporation, which was modified by interaction with organic-rich marine sedimentary rocks. Stage IV FIs have lower temperature (110–228 °C) and Br/Cl (0.90 × 10−3–1.2 × 10−3), but higher 36Ar content than ASW, indicative of dissolved evaporite or halite input. Considering also the low δDfluid (−114‰ to −144‰) and δ18Ofluid (2.1‰–3.5‰) values, meteoric water (with minor dissolved evaporites) likely dominated the stage IV fluid. The evaporites may have formed through continuous evaporation of the stage III surface-derived bittern. Involvement of non-magmatic fluids and different ore-fluid origins in stages II and III suggest that the ore-forming process was different from a typical magmatic-hydrothermal fluid-dominated skarn mineralization, which was previously proposed for Laoshankou. Our noble gas and halogen study at Laoshankou provide new insights on the fluid sources for the Paleozoic Fe−Cu (−Au) deposits in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), and our non-magmatic fluid source interpretation is consistent with the basin inversion setting for the mineralization. |
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Four hypogene alteration/mineralization stages, including (I) pre-ore Ca-silicate, (II) early-ore amphibole-epidote-magnetite, (III) late-ore pyrite-chalcopyrite, and (IV) post-ore hydrothermal veining, have been identified at Laoshankou. Stage II FIs have salinity of 15.7 wt.% (NaCl eq.), I/Cl molar ratios of 75 × 10−6–135 × 10−6, and Br/Cl molar ratios of 1.4 × 10−3–2.1 × 10−3. The moderately-high seawater-corrected Br*/I ratios (0.5–1.5) and low 40ArE/Cl slope (~10−5) indicate the presence of sedimentary marine pore fluid, which was modified by seawater reacting with the Beitashan Fm. volcanic rocks. Stage III fluid is more saline than their stage II and IV counterparts, reaching up to 23.3 wt.% (NaCl+CaCl2 eq.) close to halite saturation (~26 wt.%). The fluid has I/Cl ratios of 75 × 10−6–90 × 10−6 and Br/Cl ratios of 1.5 × 10−3–1.8 × 10−3. Considering the increasing 40ArE/Cl trend toward bittern brine and the higher 36Ar content than air-saturated water (ASW), a bittern fluid source is inferred from seawater evaporation, which was modified by interaction with organic-rich marine sedimentary rocks. Stage IV FIs have lower temperature (110–228 °C) and Br/Cl (0.90 × 10−3–1.2 × 10−3), but higher 36Ar content than ASW, indicative of dissolved evaporite or halite input. Considering also the low δDfluid (−114‰ to −144‰) and δ18Ofluid (2.1‰–3.5‰) values, meteoric water (with minor dissolved evaporites) likely dominated the stage IV fluid. The evaporites may have formed through continuous evaporation of the stage III surface-derived bittern. Involvement of non-magmatic fluids and different ore-fluid origins in stages II and III suggest that the ore-forming process was different from a typical magmatic-hydrothermal fluid-dominated skarn mineralization, which was previously proposed for Laoshankou. Our noble gas and halogen study at Laoshankou provide new insights on the fluid sources for the Paleozoic Fe−Cu (−Au) deposits in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), and our non-magmatic fluid source interpretation is consistent with the basin inversion setting for the mineralization.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Halogen and noble gas</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Fluid inclusion</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Non-magmatic fluids</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Laoshankou Fe-Cu-Au deposit</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Geology</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Huayong Chen</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Liandang Zhao</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Chao Wu</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Yuling Xie</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Chun-Kit Lai</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">In</subfield><subfield code="t">Geoscience Frontiers</subfield><subfield code="d">Elsevier, 2016</subfield><subfield code="g">12(2021), 5, Seite 101173-</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-627)DOAJ000091189</subfield><subfield code="x">25889192</subfield><subfield code="7">nnns</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="1" ind2="8"><subfield code="g">volume:12</subfield><subfield code="g">year:2021</subfield><subfield code="g">number:5</subfield><subfield code="g">pages:101173-</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0"><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2021.101173</subfield><subfield code="z">kostenfrei</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0"><subfield code="u">https://doaj.org/article/b53bfae97a0148f9ad4ac214aa575406</subfield><subfield code="z">kostenfrei</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0"><subfield code="u">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987121000372</subfield><subfield code="z">kostenfrei</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="u">https://doaj.org/toc/1674-9871</subfield><subfield code="y">Journal toc</subfield><subfield code="z">kostenfrei</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_USEFLAG_A</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SYSFLAG_A</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_DOAJ</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="951" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">AR</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="952" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="d">12</subfield><subfield code="j">2021</subfield><subfield code="e">5</subfield><subfield code="h">101173-</subfield></datafield></record></collection>
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