Using normalised cross correlation and variance to determine the source of voltage unbalance exceedances in Eskom networks with wind farms

During an exceedance of the voltage unbalance limit at a busbar there is a need to determine which entity is causing the problem between Eskom, wind farms and other entities that can influence the voltage unbalance at the busbar. There were voltage unbalance limit exceedances at Eskom-K, Eskom-C and...
Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	N. Ntsadu [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2019

Schlagwörter:	grid code, amend, traction load, independent power producer, transnet

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Journal of Energy in Southern Africa - University of Cape Town, 2018, 30(2019), 2, Seite 64-79
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:30 ; year:2019 ; number:2 ; pages:64-79

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.17159/2413-3051/2019/v30i2a5658

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ002817381

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spelling	10.17159/2413-3051/2019/v30i2a5658 doi (DE-627)DOAJ002817381 (DE-599)DOAJ89fbde6fc4e34688bfe50a1213c84de3 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TJ163.26-163.5 GE1-350 N. Ntsadu verfasserin aut Using normalised cross correlation and variance to determine the source of voltage unbalance exceedances in Eskom networks with wind farms 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier During an exceedance of the voltage unbalance limit at a busbar there is a need to determine which entity is causing the problem between Eskom, wind farms and other entities that can influence the voltage unbalance at the busbar. There were voltage unbalance limit exceedances at Eskom-K, Eskom-C and Eskom-Z Eskom substations. There was a need to determine which entity was causing the voltage unbalance exceedances at these substations between Eskom, Transnet and wind farms. The normalised cross correlation was used to determine the source of voltage unbalance exceedances at Eskom-K and Eskom-C substation. The normal- ised cross correlation together with the variance was used to determine the source of voltage unbalance exceedances at Eskom-Z substation. The correlation value of Eskom-K voltage unbalance when correlated with the wind farm’s total active power was close to one. The correlation value of Eskom-C voltage unbalance when correlated with the Eskom loads was also close to one. There was a high variance of the voltage un- balance and corresponded to the high variance of the Transnet traction station loads. Based on the correlation and variance results, it was concluded that voltage unbalance at Eskom-K substation was caused by the wind farms. The voltage unbalance at Eskom-C substation was caused by the Eskom loads. The voltage unbalance at Eskom-Z was caused by the traction loads because the Eskom-Z voltage unbalance variance corresponded with the traction load variance. grid code, amend, traction load, independent power producer, transnet Energy conservation Environmental sciences In Journal of Energy in Southern Africa University of Cape Town, 2018 30(2019), 2, Seite 64-79 (DE-627)721350054 (DE-600)2677897-X 24133051 nnns volume:30 year:2019 number:2 pages:64-79 https://doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2019/v30i2a5658 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/89fbde6fc4e34688bfe50a1213c84de3 kostenfrei https://journals.assaf.org.za/index.php/jesa/article/view/5658 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1021-447X Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2413-3051 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 30 2019 2 64-79
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callnumber-first	T - Technology
author	N. Ntsadu
spellingShingle	N. Ntsadu misc TJ163.26-163.5 misc GE1-350 misc grid code, amend, traction load, independent power producer, transnet misc Energy conservation misc Environmental sciences Using normalised cross correlation and variance to determine the source of voltage unbalance exceedances in Eskom networks with wind farms
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topic_title	TJ163.26-163.5 GE1-350 Using normalised cross correlation and variance to determine the source of voltage unbalance exceedances in Eskom networks with wind farms grid code, amend, traction load, independent power producer, transnet
topic	misc TJ163.26-163.5 misc GE1-350 misc grid code, amend, traction load, independent power producer, transnet misc Energy conservation misc Environmental sciences
topic_unstemmed	misc TJ163.26-163.5 misc GE1-350 misc grid code, amend, traction load, independent power producer, transnet misc Energy conservation misc Environmental sciences
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title	Using normalised cross correlation and variance to determine the source of voltage unbalance exceedances in Eskom networks with wind farms
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title_full	Using normalised cross correlation and variance to determine the source of voltage unbalance exceedances in Eskom networks with wind farms
author_sort	N. Ntsadu
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title_sort	using normalised cross correlation and variance to determine the source of voltage unbalance exceedances in eskom networks with wind farms
callnumber	TJ163.26-163.5
title_auth	Using normalised cross correlation and variance to determine the source of voltage unbalance exceedances in Eskom networks with wind farms
abstract	During an exceedance of the voltage unbalance limit at a busbar there is a need to determine which entity is causing the problem between Eskom, wind farms and other entities that can influence the voltage unbalance at the busbar. There were voltage unbalance limit exceedances at Eskom-K, Eskom-C and Eskom-Z Eskom substations. There was a need to determine which entity was causing the voltage unbalance exceedances at these substations between Eskom, Transnet and wind farms. The normalised cross correlation was used to determine the source of voltage unbalance exceedances at Eskom-K and Eskom-C substation. The normal- ised cross correlation together with the variance was used to determine the source of voltage unbalance exceedances at Eskom-Z substation. The correlation value of Eskom-K voltage unbalance when correlated with the wind farm’s total active power was close to one. The correlation value of Eskom-C voltage unbalance when correlated with the Eskom loads was also close to one. There was a high variance of the voltage un- balance and corresponded to the high variance of the Transnet traction station loads. Based on the correlation and variance results, it was concluded that voltage unbalance at Eskom-K substation was caused by the wind farms. The voltage unbalance at Eskom-C substation was caused by the Eskom loads. The voltage unbalance at Eskom-Z was caused by the traction loads because the Eskom-Z voltage unbalance variance corresponded with the traction load variance.
abstractGer	During an exceedance of the voltage unbalance limit at a busbar there is a need to determine which entity is causing the problem between Eskom, wind farms and other entities that can influence the voltage unbalance at the busbar. There were voltage unbalance limit exceedances at Eskom-K, Eskom-C and Eskom-Z Eskom substations. There was a need to determine which entity was causing the voltage unbalance exceedances at these substations between Eskom, Transnet and wind farms. The normalised cross correlation was used to determine the source of voltage unbalance exceedances at Eskom-K and Eskom-C substation. The normal- ised cross correlation together with the variance was used to determine the source of voltage unbalance exceedances at Eskom-Z substation. The correlation value of Eskom-K voltage unbalance when correlated with the wind farm’s total active power was close to one. The correlation value of Eskom-C voltage unbalance when correlated with the Eskom loads was also close to one. There was a high variance of the voltage un- balance and corresponded to the high variance of the Transnet traction station loads. Based on the correlation and variance results, it was concluded that voltage unbalance at Eskom-K substation was caused by the wind farms. The voltage unbalance at Eskom-C substation was caused by the Eskom loads. The voltage unbalance at Eskom-Z was caused by the traction loads because the Eskom-Z voltage unbalance variance corresponded with the traction load variance.
abstract_unstemmed	During an exceedance of the voltage unbalance limit at a busbar there is a need to determine which entity is causing the problem between Eskom, wind farms and other entities that can influence the voltage unbalance at the busbar. There were voltage unbalance limit exceedances at Eskom-K, Eskom-C and Eskom-Z Eskom substations. There was a need to determine which entity was causing the voltage unbalance exceedances at these substations between Eskom, Transnet and wind farms. The normalised cross correlation was used to determine the source of voltage unbalance exceedances at Eskom-K and Eskom-C substation. The normal- ised cross correlation together with the variance was used to determine the source of voltage unbalance exceedances at Eskom-Z substation. The correlation value of Eskom-K voltage unbalance when correlated with the wind farm’s total active power was close to one. The correlation value of Eskom-C voltage unbalance when correlated with the Eskom loads was also close to one. There was a high variance of the voltage un- balance and corresponded to the high variance of the Transnet traction station loads. Based on the correlation and variance results, it was concluded that voltage unbalance at Eskom-K substation was caused by the wind farms. The voltage unbalance at Eskom-C substation was caused by the Eskom loads. The voltage unbalance at Eskom-Z was caused by the traction loads because the Eskom-Z voltage unbalance variance corresponded with the traction load variance.
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title_short	Using normalised cross correlation and variance to determine the source of voltage unbalance exceedances in Eskom networks with wind farms
url	https://doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2019/v30i2a5658 https://doaj.org/article/89fbde6fc4e34688bfe50a1213c84de3 https://journals.assaf.org.za/index.php/jesa/article/view/5658 https://doaj.org/toc/1021-447X https://doaj.org/toc/2413-3051
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up_date	2024-07-03T14:17:00.974Z
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Using normalised cross correlation and variance to determine the source of voltage unbalance exceedances in Eskom networks with wind farms

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