Aircraft hijacking as a security threat to civil aviation
Aircraft (airplane) hijacking is unauthorized and unlawful act directed against an aircraft, aircraft personnel, passengers, as well as airport and navigation devices. With regards to possible forms of civil aviation endangerment, aircraft hijacking takes the first place. The most prominent security...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Glišović Milan [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch ; srp |
| Erschienen: |
2016 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
In: NBP: Nauka, bezbednost, policija - University of Criminal Investigation and Police Studies, Belgrade, 2019, 21(2016), 2, Seite 197-213 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:21 ; year:2016 ; number:2 ; pages:197-213 |
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DOAJ004660552 |
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| 520 | |a Aircraft (airplane) hijacking is unauthorized and unlawful act directed against an aircraft, aircraft personnel, passengers, as well as airport and navigation devices. With regards to possible forms of civil aviation endangerment, aircraft hijacking takes the first place. The most prominent security threat to civil aviation regarding aircraft hijacking includes hijackings which lead to aircraft crashes and hijackings as a form of suicidal terrorist act of violence committed by the hijacked aircraft, which result in killing of hundreds of innocent people and destruction of property. Aircraft hijacking is undeniably one of the terrorist methods of action which requires high expertise and considerable organizational capacity of a terrorist group in assessing, preparation, organization and implementation of specific activities of hijacking, as well as further negotiations which are conducted in order to achieve political goals. This is explicitly shown by the examples of many hijackings and their harmful consequences on passengers and property, as 1,185 hijackings occurred in the period from 1920 to 2011 (475 in the period from 1970-1979). Among these it should particularly point out the suicide terrorist attacks by simultaneously hijacked civil aircraft on military-political and residential-business facilities in the USA on September 11, 2001, when about 3,000 people were killed and considerable material damage was inflicted. The mentioned indicators suggest that aircraft hijacking is not the problem of one nation or one region, but the entire world and that they become a dangerous game which endangers security and progress of the international civil aviation, but also of the international security in general. This has contributed to more intensive efforts of the international community, which resulted in adoption of Resolution 1373 dated September 28, 2011, by which all UN Security Council member states are obliged to condemn terrorism, to fight against it, to cooperate with each other, to bring the terrorists to justice and extradite them to other states. However, in addition to enabling legislation in the mentioned area at the international level and its full implementation at the national level, it is required to make additional efforts important for more comprehensive preservation and improvement of civil aviation security. Accordingly, within elaboration of determinants of phenomenology of endangering civil aviation security by aircraft hijacking, the paper considers historiographic dimension of the phenomenon, then considers its time and geospatial distribution, causes, motives and stages of hijacking, as well as conduct in case of aircraft hijacking, offering the following concrete conclusions: In order to have more effective and more efficient fight against aircraft hijacking, it is necessary to work on material-technical equipment, i.e. instalment of the state-of-the art security equipment at airports and in aircraft; It is also necessary to improve expert education curricula, to train and educate security workers, cabin and flight personnel, logistic services and services of physical and technical security at airports and other subjects in charge of control and protection of air traffic according to the latest curricula. The outcomes of the above mentioned curricula, among other things, should contribute to raising competence of the accountable security subjects as well as aircraft industry for more effective and more efficient practical decision-making during security crisis management caused by aircraft hijacking at operative, tactical and strategic levels, and consequently more adequate opposing to terrorists, criminals and adventurists who use aircraft hijacking as an efficient method of unlawful action. | ||
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(DE-627)DOAJ004660552 (DE-599)DOAJe9745d30b5b54b65ba2082ee23e8a696 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng srp HV1-9960 Glišović Milan verfasserin aut Aircraft hijacking as a security threat to civil aviation 2016 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Aircraft (airplane) hijacking is unauthorized and unlawful act directed against an aircraft, aircraft personnel, passengers, as well as airport and navigation devices. With regards to possible forms of civil aviation endangerment, aircraft hijacking takes the first place. The most prominent security threat to civil aviation regarding aircraft hijacking includes hijackings which lead to aircraft crashes and hijackings as a form of suicidal terrorist act of violence committed by the hijacked aircraft, which result in killing of hundreds of innocent people and destruction of property. Aircraft hijacking is undeniably one of the terrorist methods of action which requires high expertise and considerable organizational capacity of a terrorist group in assessing, preparation, organization and implementation of specific activities of hijacking, as well as further negotiations which are conducted in order to achieve political goals. This is explicitly shown by the examples of many hijackings and their harmful consequences on passengers and property, as 1,185 hijackings occurred in the period from 1920 to 2011 (475 in the period from 1970-1979). Among these it should particularly point out the suicide terrorist attacks by simultaneously hijacked civil aircraft on military-political and residential-business facilities in the USA on September 11, 2001, when about 3,000 people were killed and considerable material damage was inflicted. The mentioned indicators suggest that aircraft hijacking is not the problem of one nation or one region, but the entire world and that they become a dangerous game which endangers security and progress of the international civil aviation, but also of the international security in general. This has contributed to more intensive efforts of the international community, which resulted in adoption of Resolution 1373 dated September 28, 2011, by which all UN Security Council member states are obliged to condemn terrorism, to fight against it, to cooperate with each other, to bring the terrorists to justice and extradite them to other states. However, in addition to enabling legislation in the mentioned area at the international level and its full implementation at the national level, it is required to make additional efforts important for more comprehensive preservation and improvement of civil aviation security. Accordingly, within elaboration of determinants of phenomenology of endangering civil aviation security by aircraft hijacking, the paper considers historiographic dimension of the phenomenon, then considers its time and geospatial distribution, causes, motives and stages of hijacking, as well as conduct in case of aircraft hijacking, offering the following concrete conclusions: In order to have more effective and more efficient fight against aircraft hijacking, it is necessary to work on material-technical equipment, i.e. instalment of the state-of-the art security equipment at airports and in aircraft; It is also necessary to improve expert education curricula, to train and educate security workers, cabin and flight personnel, logistic services and services of physical and technical security at airports and other subjects in charge of control and protection of air traffic according to the latest curricula. The outcomes of the above mentioned curricula, among other things, should contribute to raising competence of the accountable security subjects as well as aircraft industry for more effective and more efficient practical decision-making during security crisis management caused by aircraft hijacking at operative, tactical and strategic levels, and consequently more adequate opposing to terrorists, criminals and adventurists who use aircraft hijacking as an efficient method of unlawful action. hijacking aircraft terrorism hostage situation Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology In NBP: Nauka, bezbednost, policija University of Criminal Investigation and Police Studies, Belgrade, 2019 21(2016), 2, Seite 197-213 (DE-627)1760618985 26200406 nnns volume:21 year:2016 number:2 pages:197-213 https://doaj.org/article/e9745d30b5b54b65ba2082ee23e8a696 kostenfrei https://scindeks-clanci.ceon.rs/data/pdf/0354-8872/2016/0354-88721602197G.pdf kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/0354-8872 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2620-0406 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2863 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 GBV_ILN_4753 AR 21 2016 2 197-213 |
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(DE-627)DOAJ004660552 (DE-599)DOAJe9745d30b5b54b65ba2082ee23e8a696 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng srp HV1-9960 Glišović Milan verfasserin aut Aircraft hijacking as a security threat to civil aviation 2016 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Aircraft (airplane) hijacking is unauthorized and unlawful act directed against an aircraft, aircraft personnel, passengers, as well as airport and navigation devices. With regards to possible forms of civil aviation endangerment, aircraft hijacking takes the first place. The most prominent security threat to civil aviation regarding aircraft hijacking includes hijackings which lead to aircraft crashes and hijackings as a form of suicidal terrorist act of violence committed by the hijacked aircraft, which result in killing of hundreds of innocent people and destruction of property. Aircraft hijacking is undeniably one of the terrorist methods of action which requires high expertise and considerable organizational capacity of a terrorist group in assessing, preparation, organization and implementation of specific activities of hijacking, as well as further negotiations which are conducted in order to achieve political goals. This is explicitly shown by the examples of many hijackings and their harmful consequences on passengers and property, as 1,185 hijackings occurred in the period from 1920 to 2011 (475 in the period from 1970-1979). Among these it should particularly point out the suicide terrorist attacks by simultaneously hijacked civil aircraft on military-political and residential-business facilities in the USA on September 11, 2001, when about 3,000 people were killed and considerable material damage was inflicted. The mentioned indicators suggest that aircraft hijacking is not the problem of one nation or one region, but the entire world and that they become a dangerous game which endangers security and progress of the international civil aviation, but also of the international security in general. This has contributed to more intensive efforts of the international community, which resulted in adoption of Resolution 1373 dated September 28, 2011, by which all UN Security Council member states are obliged to condemn terrorism, to fight against it, to cooperate with each other, to bring the terrorists to justice and extradite them to other states. However, in addition to enabling legislation in the mentioned area at the international level and its full implementation at the national level, it is required to make additional efforts important for more comprehensive preservation and improvement of civil aviation security. Accordingly, within elaboration of determinants of phenomenology of endangering civil aviation security by aircraft hijacking, the paper considers historiographic dimension of the phenomenon, then considers its time and geospatial distribution, causes, motives and stages of hijacking, as well as conduct in case of aircraft hijacking, offering the following concrete conclusions: In order to have more effective and more efficient fight against aircraft hijacking, it is necessary to work on material-technical equipment, i.e. instalment of the state-of-the art security equipment at airports and in aircraft; It is also necessary to improve expert education curricula, to train and educate security workers, cabin and flight personnel, logistic services and services of physical and technical security at airports and other subjects in charge of control and protection of air traffic according to the latest curricula. The outcomes of the above mentioned curricula, among other things, should contribute to raising competence of the accountable security subjects as well as aircraft industry for more effective and more efficient practical decision-making during security crisis management caused by aircraft hijacking at operative, tactical and strategic levels, and consequently more adequate opposing to terrorists, criminals and adventurists who use aircraft hijacking as an efficient method of unlawful action. hijacking aircraft terrorism hostage situation Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology In NBP: Nauka, bezbednost, policija University of Criminal Investigation and Police Studies, Belgrade, 2019 21(2016), 2, Seite 197-213 (DE-627)1760618985 26200406 nnns volume:21 year:2016 number:2 pages:197-213 https://doaj.org/article/e9745d30b5b54b65ba2082ee23e8a696 kostenfrei https://scindeks-clanci.ceon.rs/data/pdf/0354-8872/2016/0354-88721602197G.pdf kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/0354-8872 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2620-0406 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2863 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 GBV_ILN_4753 AR 21 2016 2 197-213 |
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Aircraft hijacking is undeniably one of the terrorist methods of action which requires high expertise and considerable organizational capacity of a terrorist group in assessing, preparation, organization and implementation of specific activities of hijacking, as well as further negotiations which are conducted in order to achieve political goals. This is explicitly shown by the examples of many hijackings and their harmful consequences on passengers and property, as 1,185 hijackings occurred in the period from 1920 to 2011 (475 in the period from 1970-1979). Among these it should particularly point out the suicide terrorist attacks by simultaneously hijacked civil aircraft on military-political and residential-business facilities in the USA on September 11, 2001, when about 3,000 people were killed and considerable material damage was inflicted. The mentioned indicators suggest that aircraft hijacking is not the problem of one nation or one region, but the entire world and that they become a dangerous game which endangers security and progress of the international civil aviation, but also of the international security in general. This has contributed to more intensive efforts of the international community, which resulted in adoption of Resolution 1373 dated September 28, 2011, by which all UN Security Council member states are obliged to condemn terrorism, to fight against it, to cooperate with each other, to bring the terrorists to justice and extradite them to other states. However, in addition to enabling legislation in the mentioned area at the international level and its full implementation at the national level, it is required to make additional efforts important for more comprehensive preservation and improvement of civil aviation security. Accordingly, within elaboration of determinants of phenomenology of endangering civil aviation security by aircraft hijacking, the paper considers historiographic dimension of the phenomenon, then considers its time and geospatial distribution, causes, motives and stages of hijacking, as well as conduct in case of aircraft hijacking, offering the following concrete conclusions: In order to have more effective and more efficient fight against aircraft hijacking, it is necessary to work on material-technical equipment, i.e. instalment of the state-of-the art security equipment at airports and in aircraft; It is also necessary to improve expert education curricula, to train and educate security workers, cabin and flight personnel, logistic services and services of physical and technical security at airports and other subjects in charge of control and protection of air traffic according to the latest curricula. The outcomes of the above mentioned curricula, among other things, should contribute to raising competence of the accountable security subjects as well as aircraft industry for more effective and more efficient practical decision-making during security crisis management caused by aircraft hijacking at operative, tactical and strategic levels, and consequently more adequate opposing to terrorists, criminals and adventurists who use aircraft hijacking as an efficient method of unlawful action. hijacking aircraft terrorism hostage situation Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology In NBP: Nauka, bezbednost, policija University of Criminal Investigation and Police Studies, Belgrade, 2019 21(2016), 2, Seite 197-213 (DE-627)1760618985 26200406 nnns volume:21 year:2016 number:2 pages:197-213 https://doaj.org/article/e9745d30b5b54b65ba2082ee23e8a696 kostenfrei https://scindeks-clanci.ceon.rs/data/pdf/0354-8872/2016/0354-88721602197G.pdf kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/0354-8872 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2620-0406 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2863 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 GBV_ILN_4753 AR 21 2016 2 197-213 |
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Aircraft hijacking is undeniably one of the terrorist methods of action which requires high expertise and considerable organizational capacity of a terrorist group in assessing, preparation, organization and implementation of specific activities of hijacking, as well as further negotiations which are conducted in order to achieve political goals. This is explicitly shown by the examples of many hijackings and their harmful consequences on passengers and property, as 1,185 hijackings occurred in the period from 1920 to 2011 (475 in the period from 1970-1979). Among these it should particularly point out the suicide terrorist attacks by simultaneously hijacked civil aircraft on military-political and residential-business facilities in the USA on September 11, 2001, when about 3,000 people were killed and considerable material damage was inflicted. The mentioned indicators suggest that aircraft hijacking is not the problem of one nation or one region, but the entire world and that they become a dangerous game which endangers security and progress of the international civil aviation, but also of the international security in general. This has contributed to more intensive efforts of the international community, which resulted in adoption of Resolution 1373 dated September 28, 2011, by which all UN Security Council member states are obliged to condemn terrorism, to fight against it, to cooperate with each other, to bring the terrorists to justice and extradite them to other states. However, in addition to enabling legislation in the mentioned area at the international level and its full implementation at the national level, it is required to make additional efforts important for more comprehensive preservation and improvement of civil aviation security. Accordingly, within elaboration of determinants of phenomenology of endangering civil aviation security by aircraft hijacking, the paper considers historiographic dimension of the phenomenon, then considers its time and geospatial distribution, causes, motives and stages of hijacking, as well as conduct in case of aircraft hijacking, offering the following concrete conclusions: In order to have more effective and more efficient fight against aircraft hijacking, it is necessary to work on material-technical equipment, i.e. instalment of the state-of-the art security equipment at airports and in aircraft; It is also necessary to improve expert education curricula, to train and educate security workers, cabin and flight personnel, logistic services and services of physical and technical security at airports and other subjects in charge of control and protection of air traffic according to the latest curricula. The outcomes of the above mentioned curricula, among other things, should contribute to raising competence of the accountable security subjects as well as aircraft industry for more effective and more efficient practical decision-making during security crisis management caused by aircraft hijacking at operative, tactical and strategic levels, and consequently more adequate opposing to terrorists, criminals and adventurists who use aircraft hijacking as an efficient method of unlawful action. hijacking aircraft terrorism hostage situation Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology In NBP: Nauka, bezbednost, policija University of Criminal Investigation and Police Studies, Belgrade, 2019 21(2016), 2, Seite 197-213 (DE-627)1760618985 26200406 nnns volume:21 year:2016 number:2 pages:197-213 https://doaj.org/article/e9745d30b5b54b65ba2082ee23e8a696 kostenfrei https://scindeks-clanci.ceon.rs/data/pdf/0354-8872/2016/0354-88721602197G.pdf kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/0354-8872 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2620-0406 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2863 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 GBV_ILN_4753 AR 21 2016 2 197-213 |
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The mentioned indicators suggest that aircraft hijacking is not the problem of one nation or one region, but the entire world and that they become a dangerous game which endangers security and progress of the international civil aviation, but also of the international security in general. This has contributed to more intensive efforts of the international community, which resulted in adoption of Resolution 1373 dated September 28, 2011, by which all UN Security Council member states are obliged to condemn terrorism, to fight against it, to cooperate with each other, to bring the terrorists to justice and extradite them to other states. However, in addition to enabling legislation in the mentioned area at the international level and its full implementation at the national level, it is required to make additional efforts important for more comprehensive preservation and improvement of civil aviation security. 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Criminology In NBP: Nauka, bezbednost, policija University of Criminal Investigation and Police Studies, Belgrade, 2019 21(2016), 2, Seite 197-213 (DE-627)1760618985 26200406 nnns volume:21 year:2016 number:2 pages:197-213 https://doaj.org/article/e9745d30b5b54b65ba2082ee23e8a696 kostenfrei https://scindeks-clanci.ceon.rs/data/pdf/0354-8872/2016/0354-88721602197G.pdf kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/0354-8872 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2620-0406 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2863 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 GBV_ILN_4753 AR 21 2016 2 197-213 |
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Aircraft (airplane) hijacking is unauthorized and unlawful act directed against an aircraft, aircraft personnel, passengers, as well as airport and navigation devices. With regards to possible forms of civil aviation endangerment, aircraft hijacking takes the first place. The most prominent security threat to civil aviation regarding aircraft hijacking includes hijackings which lead to aircraft crashes and hijackings as a form of suicidal terrorist act of violence committed by the hijacked aircraft, which result in killing of hundreds of innocent people and destruction of property. Aircraft hijacking is undeniably one of the terrorist methods of action which requires high expertise and considerable organizational capacity of a terrorist group in assessing, preparation, organization and implementation of specific activities of hijacking, as well as further negotiations which are conducted in order to achieve political goals. This is explicitly shown by the examples of many hijackings and their harmful consequences on passengers and property, as 1,185 hijackings occurred in the period from 1920 to 2011 (475 in the period from 1970-1979). Among these it should particularly point out the suicide terrorist attacks by simultaneously hijacked civil aircraft on military-political and residential-business facilities in the USA on September 11, 2001, when about 3,000 people were killed and considerable material damage was inflicted. The mentioned indicators suggest that aircraft hijacking is not the problem of one nation or one region, but the entire world and that they become a dangerous game which endangers security and progress of the international civil aviation, but also of the international security in general. This has contributed to more intensive efforts of the international community, which resulted in adoption of Resolution 1373 dated September 28, 2011, by which all UN Security Council member states are obliged to condemn terrorism, to fight against it, to cooperate with each other, to bring the terrorists to justice and extradite them to other states. However, in addition to enabling legislation in the mentioned area at the international level and its full implementation at the national level, it is required to make additional efforts important for more comprehensive preservation and improvement of civil aviation security. Accordingly, within elaboration of determinants of phenomenology of endangering civil aviation security by aircraft hijacking, the paper considers historiographic dimension of the phenomenon, then considers its time and geospatial distribution, causes, motives and stages of hijacking, as well as conduct in case of aircraft hijacking, offering the following concrete conclusions: In order to have more effective and more efficient fight against aircraft hijacking, it is necessary to work on material-technical equipment, i.e. instalment of the state-of-the art security equipment at airports and in aircraft; It is also necessary to improve expert education curricula, to train and educate security workers, cabin and flight personnel, logistic services and services of physical and technical security at airports and other subjects in charge of control and protection of air traffic according to the latest curricula. The outcomes of the above mentioned curricula, among other things, should contribute to raising competence of the accountable security subjects as well as aircraft industry for more effective and more efficient practical decision-making during security crisis management caused by aircraft hijacking at operative, tactical and strategic levels, and consequently more adequate opposing to terrorists, criminals and adventurists who use aircraft hijacking as an efficient method of unlawful action. |
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Aircraft (airplane) hijacking is unauthorized and unlawful act directed against an aircraft, aircraft personnel, passengers, as well as airport and navigation devices. With regards to possible forms of civil aviation endangerment, aircraft hijacking takes the first place. The most prominent security threat to civil aviation regarding aircraft hijacking includes hijackings which lead to aircraft crashes and hijackings as a form of suicidal terrorist act of violence committed by the hijacked aircraft, which result in killing of hundreds of innocent people and destruction of property. Aircraft hijacking is undeniably one of the terrorist methods of action which requires high expertise and considerable organizational capacity of a terrorist group in assessing, preparation, organization and implementation of specific activities of hijacking, as well as further negotiations which are conducted in order to achieve political goals. This is explicitly shown by the examples of many hijackings and their harmful consequences on passengers and property, as 1,185 hijackings occurred in the period from 1920 to 2011 (475 in the period from 1970-1979). Among these it should particularly point out the suicide terrorist attacks by simultaneously hijacked civil aircraft on military-political and residential-business facilities in the USA on September 11, 2001, when about 3,000 people were killed and considerable material damage was inflicted. The mentioned indicators suggest that aircraft hijacking is not the problem of one nation or one region, but the entire world and that they become a dangerous game which endangers security and progress of the international civil aviation, but also of the international security in general. This has contributed to more intensive efforts of the international community, which resulted in adoption of Resolution 1373 dated September 28, 2011, by which all UN Security Council member states are obliged to condemn terrorism, to fight against it, to cooperate with each other, to bring the terrorists to justice and extradite them to other states. However, in addition to enabling legislation in the mentioned area at the international level and its full implementation at the national level, it is required to make additional efforts important for more comprehensive preservation and improvement of civil aviation security. Accordingly, within elaboration of determinants of phenomenology of endangering civil aviation security by aircraft hijacking, the paper considers historiographic dimension of the phenomenon, then considers its time and geospatial distribution, causes, motives and stages of hijacking, as well as conduct in case of aircraft hijacking, offering the following concrete conclusions: In order to have more effective and more efficient fight against aircraft hijacking, it is necessary to work on material-technical equipment, i.e. instalment of the state-of-the art security equipment at airports and in aircraft; It is also necessary to improve expert education curricula, to train and educate security workers, cabin and flight personnel, logistic services and services of physical and technical security at airports and other subjects in charge of control and protection of air traffic according to the latest curricula. The outcomes of the above mentioned curricula, among other things, should contribute to raising competence of the accountable security subjects as well as aircraft industry for more effective and more efficient practical decision-making during security crisis management caused by aircraft hijacking at operative, tactical and strategic levels, and consequently more adequate opposing to terrorists, criminals and adventurists who use aircraft hijacking as an efficient method of unlawful action. |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Aircraft (airplane) hijacking is unauthorized and unlawful act directed against an aircraft, aircraft personnel, passengers, as well as airport and navigation devices. With regards to possible forms of civil aviation endangerment, aircraft hijacking takes the first place. The most prominent security threat to civil aviation regarding aircraft hijacking includes hijackings which lead to aircraft crashes and hijackings as a form of suicidal terrorist act of violence committed by the hijacked aircraft, which result in killing of hundreds of innocent people and destruction of property. Aircraft hijacking is undeniably one of the terrorist methods of action which requires high expertise and considerable organizational capacity of a terrorist group in assessing, preparation, organization and implementation of specific activities of hijacking, as well as further negotiations which are conducted in order to achieve political goals. This is explicitly shown by the examples of many hijackings and their harmful consequences on passengers and property, as 1,185 hijackings occurred in the period from 1920 to 2011 (475 in the period from 1970-1979). Among these it should particularly point out the suicide terrorist attacks by simultaneously hijacked civil aircraft on military-political and residential-business facilities in the USA on September 11, 2001, when about 3,000 people were killed and considerable material damage was inflicted. The mentioned indicators suggest that aircraft hijacking is not the problem of one nation or one region, but the entire world and that they become a dangerous game which endangers security and progress of the international civil aviation, but also of the international security in general. This has contributed to more intensive efforts of the international community, which resulted in adoption of Resolution 1373 dated September 28, 2011, by which all UN Security Council member states are obliged to condemn terrorism, to fight against it, to cooperate with each other, to bring the terrorists to justice and extradite them to other states. However, in addition to enabling legislation in the mentioned area at the international level and its full implementation at the national level, it is required to make additional efforts important for more comprehensive preservation and improvement of civil aviation security. Accordingly, within elaboration of determinants of phenomenology of endangering civil aviation security by aircraft hijacking, the paper considers historiographic dimension of the phenomenon, then considers its time and geospatial distribution, causes, motives and stages of hijacking, as well as conduct in case of aircraft hijacking, offering the following concrete conclusions: In order to have more effective and more efficient fight against aircraft hijacking, it is necessary to work on material-technical equipment, i.e. instalment of the state-of-the art security equipment at airports and in aircraft; It is also necessary to improve expert education curricula, to train and educate security workers, cabin and flight personnel, logistic services and services of physical and technical security at airports and other subjects in charge of control and protection of air traffic according to the latest curricula. The outcomes of the above mentioned curricula, among other things, should contribute to raising competence of the accountable security subjects as well as aircraft industry for more effective and more efficient practical decision-making during security crisis management caused by aircraft hijacking at operative, tactical and strategic levels, and consequently more adequate opposing to terrorists, criminals and adventurists who use aircraft hijacking as an efficient method of unlawful action. |
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Aircraft hijacking as a security threat to civil aviation |
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https://doaj.org/article/e9745d30b5b54b65ba2082ee23e8a696 https://scindeks-clanci.ceon.rs/data/pdf/0354-8872/2016/0354-88721602197G.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/0354-8872 https://doaj.org/toc/2620-0406 |
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