Regulatory Function of Sympathetic Innervation on the Endo/Lysosomal Trafficking of Acetylcholine Receptor

Recent studies have demonstrated that neuromuscular junctions are co-innervated by sympathetic neurons. This co-innervation has been shown to be crucial for neuromuscular junction morphology and functional maintenance. To improve our understanding of how sympathetic innervation affects nerve–muscle...
Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Tatjana Straka [verfasserIn] Charlotte Schröder [verfasserIn] Andreas Roos [verfasserIn] Laxmikanth Kollipara [verfasserIn] Albert Sickmann [verfasserIn] Marion Patrick Ivey Williams [verfasserIn] Mathias Hafner [verfasserIn] Muzamil Majid Khan [verfasserIn] Rüdiger Rudolf [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2021

Schlagwörter:	sympathectomy sympathetic nervous system neuromuscular junction skeletal muscle endo/lysosomal trafficking acetylcholine receptor

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Frontiers in Physiology - Frontiers Media S.A., 2011, 12(2021)
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:12 ; year:2021

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3389/fphys.2021.626707

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ005466628

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spelling	10.3389/fphys.2021.626707 doi (DE-627)DOAJ005466628 (DE-599)DOAJ3ac8874caba44a999e361a9dee45caed DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QP1-981 Tatjana Straka verfasserin aut Regulatory Function of Sympathetic Innervation on the Endo/Lysosomal Trafficking of Acetylcholine Receptor 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Recent studies have demonstrated that neuromuscular junctions are co-innervated by sympathetic neurons. This co-innervation has been shown to be crucial for neuromuscular junction morphology and functional maintenance. To improve our understanding of how sympathetic innervation affects nerve–muscle synapse homeostasis, we here used in vivo imaging, proteomic, biochemical, and microscopic approaches to compare normal and sympathectomized mouse hindlimb muscles. Live confocal microscopy revealed reduced fiber diameters, enhanced acetylcholine receptor turnover, and increased amounts of endo/lysosomal acetylcholine-receptor-bearing vesicles. Proteomics analysis of sympathectomized skeletal muscles showed that besides massive changes in mitochondrial, sarcomeric, and ribosomal proteins, the relative abundance of vesicular trafficking markers was affected by sympathectomy. Immunofluorescence and Western blot approaches corroborated these findings and, in addition, suggested local upregulation and enrichment of endo/lysosomal progression and autophagy markers, Rab 7 and p62, at the sarcomeric regions of muscle fibers and neuromuscular junctions. In summary, these data give novel insights into the relevance of sympathetic innervation for the homeostasis of muscle and neuromuscular junctions. They are consistent with an upregulation of endocytic and autophagic trafficking at the whole muscle level and at the neuromuscular junction. sympathectomy sympathetic nervous system neuromuscular junction skeletal muscle endo/lysosomal trafficking acetylcholine receptor Physiology Tatjana Straka verfasserin aut Tatjana Straka verfasserin aut Charlotte Schröder verfasserin aut Andreas Roos verfasserin aut Andreas Roos verfasserin aut Laxmikanth Kollipara verfasserin aut Albert Sickmann verfasserin aut Albert Sickmann verfasserin aut Albert Sickmann verfasserin aut Marion Patrick Ivey Williams verfasserin aut Mathias Hafner verfasserin aut Muzamil Majid Khan verfasserin aut Muzamil Majid Khan verfasserin aut Muzamil Majid Khan verfasserin aut Rüdiger Rudolf verfasserin aut Rüdiger Rudolf verfasserin aut Rüdiger Rudolf verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Physiology Frontiers Media S.A., 2011 12(2021) (DE-627)631498788 (DE-600)2564217-0 1664042X nnns volume:12 year:2021 https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.626707 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/3ac8874caba44a999e361a9dee45caed kostenfrei https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2021.626707/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1664-042X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2021
allfields_unstemmed	10.3389/fphys.2021.626707 doi (DE-627)DOAJ005466628 (DE-599)DOAJ3ac8874caba44a999e361a9dee45caed DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QP1-981 Tatjana Straka verfasserin aut Regulatory Function of Sympathetic Innervation on the Endo/Lysosomal Trafficking of Acetylcholine Receptor 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Recent studies have demonstrated that neuromuscular junctions are co-innervated by sympathetic neurons. This co-innervation has been shown to be crucial for neuromuscular junction morphology and functional maintenance. To improve our understanding of how sympathetic innervation affects nerve–muscle synapse homeostasis, we here used in vivo imaging, proteomic, biochemical, and microscopic approaches to compare normal and sympathectomized mouse hindlimb muscles. Live confocal microscopy revealed reduced fiber diameters, enhanced acetylcholine receptor turnover, and increased amounts of endo/lysosomal acetylcholine-receptor-bearing vesicles. Proteomics analysis of sympathectomized skeletal muscles showed that besides massive changes in mitochondrial, sarcomeric, and ribosomal proteins, the relative abundance of vesicular trafficking markers was affected by sympathectomy. Immunofluorescence and Western blot approaches corroborated these findings and, in addition, suggested local upregulation and enrichment of endo/lysosomal progression and autophagy markers, Rab 7 and p62, at the sarcomeric regions of muscle fibers and neuromuscular junctions. In summary, these data give novel insights into the relevance of sympathetic innervation for the homeostasis of muscle and neuromuscular junctions. They are consistent with an upregulation of endocytic and autophagic trafficking at the whole muscle level and at the neuromuscular junction. sympathectomy sympathetic nervous system neuromuscular junction skeletal muscle endo/lysosomal trafficking acetylcholine receptor Physiology Tatjana Straka verfasserin aut Tatjana Straka verfasserin aut Charlotte Schröder verfasserin aut Andreas Roos verfasserin aut Andreas Roos verfasserin aut Laxmikanth Kollipara verfasserin aut Albert Sickmann verfasserin aut Albert Sickmann verfasserin aut Albert Sickmann verfasserin aut Marion Patrick Ivey Williams verfasserin aut Mathias Hafner verfasserin aut Muzamil Majid Khan verfasserin aut Muzamil Majid Khan verfasserin aut Muzamil Majid Khan verfasserin aut Rüdiger Rudolf verfasserin aut Rüdiger Rudolf verfasserin aut Rüdiger Rudolf verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Physiology Frontiers Media S.A., 2011 12(2021) (DE-627)631498788 (DE-600)2564217-0 1664042X nnns volume:12 year:2021 https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.626707 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/3ac8874caba44a999e361a9dee45caed kostenfrei https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2021.626707/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1664-042X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2021
allfieldsGer	10.3389/fphys.2021.626707 doi (DE-627)DOAJ005466628 (DE-599)DOAJ3ac8874caba44a999e361a9dee45caed DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QP1-981 Tatjana Straka verfasserin aut Regulatory Function of Sympathetic Innervation on the Endo/Lysosomal Trafficking of Acetylcholine Receptor 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Recent studies have demonstrated that neuromuscular junctions are co-innervated by sympathetic neurons. This co-innervation has been shown to be crucial for neuromuscular junction morphology and functional maintenance. To improve our understanding of how sympathetic innervation affects nerve–muscle synapse homeostasis, we here used in vivo imaging, proteomic, biochemical, and microscopic approaches to compare normal and sympathectomized mouse hindlimb muscles. Live confocal microscopy revealed reduced fiber diameters, enhanced acetylcholine receptor turnover, and increased amounts of endo/lysosomal acetylcholine-receptor-bearing vesicles. Proteomics analysis of sympathectomized skeletal muscles showed that besides massive changes in mitochondrial, sarcomeric, and ribosomal proteins, the relative abundance of vesicular trafficking markers was affected by sympathectomy. Immunofluorescence and Western blot approaches corroborated these findings and, in addition, suggested local upregulation and enrichment of endo/lysosomal progression and autophagy markers, Rab 7 and p62, at the sarcomeric regions of muscle fibers and neuromuscular junctions. In summary, these data give novel insights into the relevance of sympathetic innervation for the homeostasis of muscle and neuromuscular junctions. They are consistent with an upregulation of endocytic and autophagic trafficking at the whole muscle level and at the neuromuscular junction. sympathectomy sympathetic nervous system neuromuscular junction skeletal muscle endo/lysosomal trafficking acetylcholine receptor Physiology Tatjana Straka verfasserin aut Tatjana Straka verfasserin aut Charlotte Schröder verfasserin aut Andreas Roos verfasserin aut Andreas Roos verfasserin aut Laxmikanth Kollipara verfasserin aut Albert Sickmann verfasserin aut Albert Sickmann verfasserin aut Albert Sickmann verfasserin aut Marion Patrick Ivey Williams verfasserin aut Mathias Hafner verfasserin aut Muzamil Majid Khan verfasserin aut Muzamil Majid Khan verfasserin aut Muzamil Majid Khan verfasserin aut Rüdiger Rudolf verfasserin aut Rüdiger Rudolf verfasserin aut Rüdiger Rudolf verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Physiology Frontiers Media S.A., 2011 12(2021) (DE-627)631498788 (DE-600)2564217-0 1664042X nnns volume:12 year:2021 https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.626707 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/3ac8874caba44a999e361a9dee45caed kostenfrei https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2021.626707/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1664-042X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2021
allfieldsSound	10.3389/fphys.2021.626707 doi (DE-627)DOAJ005466628 (DE-599)DOAJ3ac8874caba44a999e361a9dee45caed DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QP1-981 Tatjana Straka verfasserin aut Regulatory Function of Sympathetic Innervation on the Endo/Lysosomal Trafficking of Acetylcholine Receptor 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Recent studies have demonstrated that neuromuscular junctions are co-innervated by sympathetic neurons. This co-innervation has been shown to be crucial for neuromuscular junction morphology and functional maintenance. To improve our understanding of how sympathetic innervation affects nerve–muscle synapse homeostasis, we here used in vivo imaging, proteomic, biochemical, and microscopic approaches to compare normal and sympathectomized mouse hindlimb muscles. Live confocal microscopy revealed reduced fiber diameters, enhanced acetylcholine receptor turnover, and increased amounts of endo/lysosomal acetylcholine-receptor-bearing vesicles. Proteomics analysis of sympathectomized skeletal muscles showed that besides massive changes in mitochondrial, sarcomeric, and ribosomal proteins, the relative abundance of vesicular trafficking markers was affected by sympathectomy. Immunofluorescence and Western blot approaches corroborated these findings and, in addition, suggested local upregulation and enrichment of endo/lysosomal progression and autophagy markers, Rab 7 and p62, at the sarcomeric regions of muscle fibers and neuromuscular junctions. In summary, these data give novel insights into the relevance of sympathetic innervation for the homeostasis of muscle and neuromuscular junctions. They are consistent with an upregulation of endocytic and autophagic trafficking at the whole muscle level and at the neuromuscular junction. sympathectomy sympathetic nervous system neuromuscular junction skeletal muscle endo/lysosomal trafficking acetylcholine receptor Physiology Tatjana Straka verfasserin aut Tatjana Straka verfasserin aut Charlotte Schröder verfasserin aut Andreas Roos verfasserin aut Andreas Roos verfasserin aut Laxmikanth Kollipara verfasserin aut Albert Sickmann verfasserin aut Albert Sickmann verfasserin aut Albert Sickmann verfasserin aut Marion Patrick Ivey Williams verfasserin aut Mathias Hafner verfasserin aut Muzamil Majid Khan verfasserin aut Muzamil Majid Khan verfasserin aut Muzamil Majid Khan verfasserin aut Rüdiger Rudolf verfasserin aut Rüdiger Rudolf verfasserin aut Rüdiger Rudolf verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Physiology Frontiers Media S.A., 2011 12(2021) (DE-627)631498788 (DE-600)2564217-0 1664042X nnns volume:12 year:2021 https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.626707 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/3ac8874caba44a999e361a9dee45caed kostenfrei https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2021.626707/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1664-042X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2021
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topic_facet	sympathectomy sympathetic nervous system neuromuscular junction skeletal muscle endo/lysosomal trafficking acetylcholine receptor Physiology
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author	Tatjana Straka
spellingShingle	Tatjana Straka misc QP1-981 misc sympathectomy misc sympathetic nervous system misc neuromuscular junction misc skeletal muscle misc endo/lysosomal trafficking misc acetylcholine receptor misc Physiology Regulatory Function of Sympathetic Innervation on the Endo/Lysosomal Trafficking of Acetylcholine Receptor
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topic_title	QP1-981 Regulatory Function of Sympathetic Innervation on the Endo/Lysosomal Trafficking of Acetylcholine Receptor sympathectomy sympathetic nervous system neuromuscular junction skeletal muscle endo/lysosomal trafficking acetylcholine receptor
topic	misc QP1-981 misc sympathectomy misc sympathetic nervous system misc neuromuscular junction misc skeletal muscle misc endo/lysosomal trafficking misc acetylcholine receptor misc Physiology
topic_unstemmed	misc QP1-981 misc sympathectomy misc sympathetic nervous system misc neuromuscular junction misc skeletal muscle misc endo/lysosomal trafficking misc acetylcholine receptor misc Physiology
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title	Regulatory Function of Sympathetic Innervation on the Endo/Lysosomal Trafficking of Acetylcholine Receptor
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title_sort	regulatory function of sympathetic innervation on the endo/lysosomal trafficking of acetylcholine receptor
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title_auth	Regulatory Function of Sympathetic Innervation on the Endo/Lysosomal Trafficking of Acetylcholine Receptor
abstract	Recent studies have demonstrated that neuromuscular junctions are co-innervated by sympathetic neurons. This co-innervation has been shown to be crucial for neuromuscular junction morphology and functional maintenance. To improve our understanding of how sympathetic innervation affects nerve–muscle synapse homeostasis, we here used in vivo imaging, proteomic, biochemical, and microscopic approaches to compare normal and sympathectomized mouse hindlimb muscles. Live confocal microscopy revealed reduced fiber diameters, enhanced acetylcholine receptor turnover, and increased amounts of endo/lysosomal acetylcholine-receptor-bearing vesicles. Proteomics analysis of sympathectomized skeletal muscles showed that besides massive changes in mitochondrial, sarcomeric, and ribosomal proteins, the relative abundance of vesicular trafficking markers was affected by sympathectomy. Immunofluorescence and Western blot approaches corroborated these findings and, in addition, suggested local upregulation and enrichment of endo/lysosomal progression and autophagy markers, Rab 7 and p62, at the sarcomeric regions of muscle fibers and neuromuscular junctions. In summary, these data give novel insights into the relevance of sympathetic innervation for the homeostasis of muscle and neuromuscular junctions. They are consistent with an upregulation of endocytic and autophagic trafficking at the whole muscle level and at the neuromuscular junction.
abstractGer	Recent studies have demonstrated that neuromuscular junctions are co-innervated by sympathetic neurons. This co-innervation has been shown to be crucial for neuromuscular junction morphology and functional maintenance. To improve our understanding of how sympathetic innervation affects nerve–muscle synapse homeostasis, we here used in vivo imaging, proteomic, biochemical, and microscopic approaches to compare normal and sympathectomized mouse hindlimb muscles. Live confocal microscopy revealed reduced fiber diameters, enhanced acetylcholine receptor turnover, and increased amounts of endo/lysosomal acetylcholine-receptor-bearing vesicles. Proteomics analysis of sympathectomized skeletal muscles showed that besides massive changes in mitochondrial, sarcomeric, and ribosomal proteins, the relative abundance of vesicular trafficking markers was affected by sympathectomy. Immunofluorescence and Western blot approaches corroborated these findings and, in addition, suggested local upregulation and enrichment of endo/lysosomal progression and autophagy markers, Rab 7 and p62, at the sarcomeric regions of muscle fibers and neuromuscular junctions. In summary, these data give novel insights into the relevance of sympathetic innervation for the homeostasis of muscle and neuromuscular junctions. They are consistent with an upregulation of endocytic and autophagic trafficking at the whole muscle level and at the neuromuscular junction.
abstract_unstemmed	Recent studies have demonstrated that neuromuscular junctions are co-innervated by sympathetic neurons. This co-innervation has been shown to be crucial for neuromuscular junction morphology and functional maintenance. To improve our understanding of how sympathetic innervation affects nerve–muscle synapse homeostasis, we here used in vivo imaging, proteomic, biochemical, and microscopic approaches to compare normal and sympathectomized mouse hindlimb muscles. Live confocal microscopy revealed reduced fiber diameters, enhanced acetylcholine receptor turnover, and increased amounts of endo/lysosomal acetylcholine-receptor-bearing vesicles. Proteomics analysis of sympathectomized skeletal muscles showed that besides massive changes in mitochondrial, sarcomeric, and ribosomal proteins, the relative abundance of vesicular trafficking markers was affected by sympathectomy. Immunofluorescence and Western blot approaches corroborated these findings and, in addition, suggested local upregulation and enrichment of endo/lysosomal progression and autophagy markers, Rab 7 and p62, at the sarcomeric regions of muscle fibers and neuromuscular junctions. In summary, these data give novel insights into the relevance of sympathetic innervation for the homeostasis of muscle and neuromuscular junctions. They are consistent with an upregulation of endocytic and autophagic trafficking at the whole muscle level and at the neuromuscular junction.
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title_short	Regulatory Function of Sympathetic Innervation on the Endo/Lysosomal Trafficking of Acetylcholine Receptor
url	https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.626707 https://doaj.org/article/3ac8874caba44a999e361a9dee45caed https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2021.626707/full https://doaj.org/toc/1664-042X
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This co-innervation has been shown to be crucial for neuromuscular junction morphology and functional maintenance. To improve our understanding of how sympathetic innervation affects nerve–muscle synapse homeostasis, we here used in vivo imaging, proteomic, biochemical, and microscopic approaches to compare normal and sympathectomized mouse hindlimb muscles. Live confocal microscopy revealed reduced fiber diameters, enhanced acetylcholine receptor turnover, and increased amounts of endo/lysosomal acetylcholine-receptor-bearing vesicles. Proteomics analysis of sympathectomized skeletal muscles showed that besides massive changes in mitochondrial, sarcomeric, and ribosomal proteins, the relative abundance of vesicular trafficking markers was affected by sympathectomy. Immunofluorescence and Western blot approaches corroborated these findings and, in addition, suggested local upregulation and enrichment of endo/lysosomal progression and autophagy markers, Rab 7 and p62, at the sarcomeric regions of muscle fibers and neuromuscular junctions. In summary, these data give novel insights into the relevance of sympathetic innervation for the homeostasis of muscle and neuromuscular junctions. 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Regulatory Function of Sympathetic Innervation on the Endo/Lysosomal Trafficking of Acetylcholine Receptor

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