Association between Mutations in Papain-like Protease (PLpro) of SARS-CoV-2 with COVID-19 Clinical Outcomes
Papain-like protease (PLpro) is important for the replication and transcription of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This study aimed to reveal the PLpro mutations associated with the clinical outcomes of patients. Due to the importance of the S protein in the pathogenici...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Autor*in: |
Jinlin Tan [verfasserIn] Zhilong Wu [verfasserIn] Peipei Hu [verfasserIn] Lin Gan [verfasserIn] Ying Wang [verfasserIn] Dingmei Zhang [verfasserIn] |
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E-Artikel |
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Sprache: |
Englisch |
Erschienen: |
2022 |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
In: Pathogens - MDPI AG, 2012, 11(2022), 9, p 1008 |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:11 ; year:2022 ; number:9, p 1008 |
Links: |
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DOI / URN: |
10.3390/pathogens11091008 |
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Katalog-ID: |
DOAJ005568552 |
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520 | |a Papain-like protease (PLpro) is important for the replication and transcription of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This study aimed to reveal the PLpro mutations associated with the clinical outcomes of patients. Due to the importance of the S protein in the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2, the mutation of the S protein was also analyzed in this study. After downloading the data from the Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Influenza Data (GISAID) database, samples were divided into two groups on the basis of patient status, namely, recovered and dead groups. This study performed a univariate analysis and further explored the association of mutations with patient outcomes through multivariate logistic regression analysis. A total of 138,492 samples were used for analysis. The patients had a mean age of 43.66 ± 21.56 years, and 51.3% of them were female. Multivariate logistic regression results showed that, compared with men, women had a lower risk of dying from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (OR = 0.687, 95%CI: 0.638–0.740). Compared with patients aged 17 years and younger, patients aged 18–64 years (OR = 2.864, 95%CI: 1.982–4.139) and patients over 65 years old (OR = 19.135, 95%CI: 13.280–27.572) had a higher risk of death after infection. Compared with the wild type, P78L (OR = 5.185, 95%CI: 2.763–9.730) and K233Q (OR = 5.154, 95%CI: 1.442–18.416) in PLpro were associated with an increased risk of death. A synergistic interaction existed between age and mutations A146D and P78L. The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis of the data on vaccinated patients demonstrated that, compared with the wild type, the P78L (OR = 3.376, 95%CI: 2.040–5.585) mutation was associated with an increased risk of death. In conclusion, compared with the wild-type PLpro protein, the P78L and K233Q mutations may increase the risk of death in infected individuals. In addition, a synergistic effect existed between age and P78L and K233Q that increased the risk of death in older patients. | ||
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10.3390/pathogens11091008 doi (DE-627)DOAJ005568552 (DE-599)DOAJ16d07a85e7be48f8bb669e6bf8591736 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Jinlin Tan verfasserin aut Association between Mutations in Papain-like Protease (PLpro) of SARS-CoV-2 with COVID-19 Clinical Outcomes 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Papain-like protease (PLpro) is important for the replication and transcription of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This study aimed to reveal the PLpro mutations associated with the clinical outcomes of patients. Due to the importance of the S protein in the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2, the mutation of the S protein was also analyzed in this study. After downloading the data from the Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Influenza Data (GISAID) database, samples were divided into two groups on the basis of patient status, namely, recovered and dead groups. This study performed a univariate analysis and further explored the association of mutations with patient outcomes through multivariate logistic regression analysis. A total of 138,492 samples were used for analysis. The patients had a mean age of 43.66 ± 21.56 years, and 51.3% of them were female. Multivariate logistic regression results showed that, compared with men, women had a lower risk of dying from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (OR = 0.687, 95%CI: 0.638–0.740). Compared with patients aged 17 years and younger, patients aged 18–64 years (OR = 2.864, 95%CI: 1.982–4.139) and patients over 65 years old (OR = 19.135, 95%CI: 13.280–27.572) had a higher risk of death after infection. Compared with the wild type, P78L (OR = 5.185, 95%CI: 2.763–9.730) and K233Q (OR = 5.154, 95%CI: 1.442–18.416) in PLpro were associated with an increased risk of death. A synergistic interaction existed between age and mutations A146D and P78L. The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis of the data on vaccinated patients demonstrated that, compared with the wild type, the P78L (OR = 3.376, 95%CI: 2.040–5.585) mutation was associated with an increased risk of death. In conclusion, compared with the wild-type PLpro protein, the P78L and K233Q mutations may increase the risk of death in infected individuals. In addition, a synergistic effect existed between age and P78L and K233Q that increased the risk of death in older patients. SARS-CoV-2 PLpro COVID-19 mutation outcome Medicine R Zhilong Wu verfasserin aut Peipei Hu verfasserin aut Lin Gan verfasserin aut Ying Wang verfasserin aut Dingmei Zhang verfasserin aut In Pathogens MDPI AG, 2012 11(2022), 9, p 1008 (DE-627)732627885 (DE-600)2695572-6 20760817 nnns volume:11 year:2022 number:9, p 1008 https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11091008 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/16d07a85e7be48f8bb669e6bf8591736 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/9/1008 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2076-0817 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2022 9, p 1008 |
spelling |
10.3390/pathogens11091008 doi (DE-627)DOAJ005568552 (DE-599)DOAJ16d07a85e7be48f8bb669e6bf8591736 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Jinlin Tan verfasserin aut Association between Mutations in Papain-like Protease (PLpro) of SARS-CoV-2 with COVID-19 Clinical Outcomes 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Papain-like protease (PLpro) is important for the replication and transcription of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This study aimed to reveal the PLpro mutations associated with the clinical outcomes of patients. Due to the importance of the S protein in the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2, the mutation of the S protein was also analyzed in this study. After downloading the data from the Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Influenza Data (GISAID) database, samples were divided into two groups on the basis of patient status, namely, recovered and dead groups. This study performed a univariate analysis and further explored the association of mutations with patient outcomes through multivariate logistic regression analysis. A total of 138,492 samples were used for analysis. The patients had a mean age of 43.66 ± 21.56 years, and 51.3% of them were female. Multivariate logistic regression results showed that, compared with men, women had a lower risk of dying from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (OR = 0.687, 95%CI: 0.638–0.740). Compared with patients aged 17 years and younger, patients aged 18–64 years (OR = 2.864, 95%CI: 1.982–4.139) and patients over 65 years old (OR = 19.135, 95%CI: 13.280–27.572) had a higher risk of death after infection. Compared with the wild type, P78L (OR = 5.185, 95%CI: 2.763–9.730) and K233Q (OR = 5.154, 95%CI: 1.442–18.416) in PLpro were associated with an increased risk of death. A synergistic interaction existed between age and mutations A146D and P78L. The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis of the data on vaccinated patients demonstrated that, compared with the wild type, the P78L (OR = 3.376, 95%CI: 2.040–5.585) mutation was associated with an increased risk of death. In conclusion, compared with the wild-type PLpro protein, the P78L and K233Q mutations may increase the risk of death in infected individuals. In addition, a synergistic effect existed between age and P78L and K233Q that increased the risk of death in older patients. SARS-CoV-2 PLpro COVID-19 mutation outcome Medicine R Zhilong Wu verfasserin aut Peipei Hu verfasserin aut Lin Gan verfasserin aut Ying Wang verfasserin aut Dingmei Zhang verfasserin aut In Pathogens MDPI AG, 2012 11(2022), 9, p 1008 (DE-627)732627885 (DE-600)2695572-6 20760817 nnns volume:11 year:2022 number:9, p 1008 https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11091008 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/16d07a85e7be48f8bb669e6bf8591736 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/9/1008 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2076-0817 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2022 9, p 1008 |
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10.3390/pathogens11091008 doi (DE-627)DOAJ005568552 (DE-599)DOAJ16d07a85e7be48f8bb669e6bf8591736 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Jinlin Tan verfasserin aut Association between Mutations in Papain-like Protease (PLpro) of SARS-CoV-2 with COVID-19 Clinical Outcomes 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Papain-like protease (PLpro) is important for the replication and transcription of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This study aimed to reveal the PLpro mutations associated with the clinical outcomes of patients. Due to the importance of the S protein in the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2, the mutation of the S protein was also analyzed in this study. After downloading the data from the Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Influenza Data (GISAID) database, samples were divided into two groups on the basis of patient status, namely, recovered and dead groups. This study performed a univariate analysis and further explored the association of mutations with patient outcomes through multivariate logistic regression analysis. A total of 138,492 samples were used for analysis. The patients had a mean age of 43.66 ± 21.56 years, and 51.3% of them were female. Multivariate logistic regression results showed that, compared with men, women had a lower risk of dying from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (OR = 0.687, 95%CI: 0.638–0.740). Compared with patients aged 17 years and younger, patients aged 18–64 years (OR = 2.864, 95%CI: 1.982–4.139) and patients over 65 years old (OR = 19.135, 95%CI: 13.280–27.572) had a higher risk of death after infection. Compared with the wild type, P78L (OR = 5.185, 95%CI: 2.763–9.730) and K233Q (OR = 5.154, 95%CI: 1.442–18.416) in PLpro were associated with an increased risk of death. A synergistic interaction existed between age and mutations A146D and P78L. The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis of the data on vaccinated patients demonstrated that, compared with the wild type, the P78L (OR = 3.376, 95%CI: 2.040–5.585) mutation was associated with an increased risk of death. In conclusion, compared with the wild-type PLpro protein, the P78L and K233Q mutations may increase the risk of death in infected individuals. In addition, a synergistic effect existed between age and P78L and K233Q that increased the risk of death in older patients. SARS-CoV-2 PLpro COVID-19 mutation outcome Medicine R Zhilong Wu verfasserin aut Peipei Hu verfasserin aut Lin Gan verfasserin aut Ying Wang verfasserin aut Dingmei Zhang verfasserin aut In Pathogens MDPI AG, 2012 11(2022), 9, p 1008 (DE-627)732627885 (DE-600)2695572-6 20760817 nnns volume:11 year:2022 number:9, p 1008 https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11091008 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/16d07a85e7be48f8bb669e6bf8591736 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/9/1008 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2076-0817 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2022 9, p 1008 |
allfieldsGer |
10.3390/pathogens11091008 doi (DE-627)DOAJ005568552 (DE-599)DOAJ16d07a85e7be48f8bb669e6bf8591736 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Jinlin Tan verfasserin aut Association between Mutations in Papain-like Protease (PLpro) of SARS-CoV-2 with COVID-19 Clinical Outcomes 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Papain-like protease (PLpro) is important for the replication and transcription of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This study aimed to reveal the PLpro mutations associated with the clinical outcomes of patients. Due to the importance of the S protein in the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2, the mutation of the S protein was also analyzed in this study. After downloading the data from the Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Influenza Data (GISAID) database, samples were divided into two groups on the basis of patient status, namely, recovered and dead groups. This study performed a univariate analysis and further explored the association of mutations with patient outcomes through multivariate logistic regression analysis. A total of 138,492 samples were used for analysis. The patients had a mean age of 43.66 ± 21.56 years, and 51.3% of them were female. Multivariate logistic regression results showed that, compared with men, women had a lower risk of dying from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (OR = 0.687, 95%CI: 0.638–0.740). Compared with patients aged 17 years and younger, patients aged 18–64 years (OR = 2.864, 95%CI: 1.982–4.139) and patients over 65 years old (OR = 19.135, 95%CI: 13.280–27.572) had a higher risk of death after infection. Compared with the wild type, P78L (OR = 5.185, 95%CI: 2.763–9.730) and K233Q (OR = 5.154, 95%CI: 1.442–18.416) in PLpro were associated with an increased risk of death. A synergistic interaction existed between age and mutations A146D and P78L. The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis of the data on vaccinated patients demonstrated that, compared with the wild type, the P78L (OR = 3.376, 95%CI: 2.040–5.585) mutation was associated with an increased risk of death. In conclusion, compared with the wild-type PLpro protein, the P78L and K233Q mutations may increase the risk of death in infected individuals. In addition, a synergistic effect existed between age and P78L and K233Q that increased the risk of death in older patients. SARS-CoV-2 PLpro COVID-19 mutation outcome Medicine R Zhilong Wu verfasserin aut Peipei Hu verfasserin aut Lin Gan verfasserin aut Ying Wang verfasserin aut Dingmei Zhang verfasserin aut In Pathogens MDPI AG, 2012 11(2022), 9, p 1008 (DE-627)732627885 (DE-600)2695572-6 20760817 nnns volume:11 year:2022 number:9, p 1008 https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11091008 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/16d07a85e7be48f8bb669e6bf8591736 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/9/1008 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2076-0817 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2022 9, p 1008 |
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10.3390/pathogens11091008 doi (DE-627)DOAJ005568552 (DE-599)DOAJ16d07a85e7be48f8bb669e6bf8591736 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Jinlin Tan verfasserin aut Association between Mutations in Papain-like Protease (PLpro) of SARS-CoV-2 with COVID-19 Clinical Outcomes 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Papain-like protease (PLpro) is important for the replication and transcription of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This study aimed to reveal the PLpro mutations associated with the clinical outcomes of patients. Due to the importance of the S protein in the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2, the mutation of the S protein was also analyzed in this study. After downloading the data from the Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Influenza Data (GISAID) database, samples were divided into two groups on the basis of patient status, namely, recovered and dead groups. This study performed a univariate analysis and further explored the association of mutations with patient outcomes through multivariate logistic regression analysis. A total of 138,492 samples were used for analysis. The patients had a mean age of 43.66 ± 21.56 years, and 51.3% of them were female. Multivariate logistic regression results showed that, compared with men, women had a lower risk of dying from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (OR = 0.687, 95%CI: 0.638–0.740). Compared with patients aged 17 years and younger, patients aged 18–64 years (OR = 2.864, 95%CI: 1.982–4.139) and patients over 65 years old (OR = 19.135, 95%CI: 13.280–27.572) had a higher risk of death after infection. Compared with the wild type, P78L (OR = 5.185, 95%CI: 2.763–9.730) and K233Q (OR = 5.154, 95%CI: 1.442–18.416) in PLpro were associated with an increased risk of death. A synergistic interaction existed between age and mutations A146D and P78L. The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis of the data on vaccinated patients demonstrated that, compared with the wild type, the P78L (OR = 3.376, 95%CI: 2.040–5.585) mutation was associated with an increased risk of death. In conclusion, compared with the wild-type PLpro protein, the P78L and K233Q mutations may increase the risk of death in infected individuals. In addition, a synergistic effect existed between age and P78L and K233Q that increased the risk of death in older patients. SARS-CoV-2 PLpro COVID-19 mutation outcome Medicine R Zhilong Wu verfasserin aut Peipei Hu verfasserin aut Lin Gan verfasserin aut Ying Wang verfasserin aut Dingmei Zhang verfasserin aut In Pathogens MDPI AG, 2012 11(2022), 9, p 1008 (DE-627)732627885 (DE-600)2695572-6 20760817 nnns volume:11 year:2022 number:9, p 1008 https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11091008 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/16d07a85e7be48f8bb669e6bf8591736 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/9/1008 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2076-0817 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2022 9, p 1008 |
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Association between Mutations in Papain-like Protease (PLpro) of SARS-CoV-2 with COVID-19 Clinical Outcomes |
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Papain-like protease (PLpro) is important for the replication and transcription of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This study aimed to reveal the PLpro mutations associated with the clinical outcomes of patients. Due to the importance of the S protein in the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2, the mutation of the S protein was also analyzed in this study. After downloading the data from the Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Influenza Data (GISAID) database, samples were divided into two groups on the basis of patient status, namely, recovered and dead groups. This study performed a univariate analysis and further explored the association of mutations with patient outcomes through multivariate logistic regression analysis. A total of 138,492 samples were used for analysis. The patients had a mean age of 43.66 ± 21.56 years, and 51.3% of them were female. Multivariate logistic regression results showed that, compared with men, women had a lower risk of dying from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (OR = 0.687, 95%CI: 0.638–0.740). Compared with patients aged 17 years and younger, patients aged 18–64 years (OR = 2.864, 95%CI: 1.982–4.139) and patients over 65 years old (OR = 19.135, 95%CI: 13.280–27.572) had a higher risk of death after infection. Compared with the wild type, P78L (OR = 5.185, 95%CI: 2.763–9.730) and K233Q (OR = 5.154, 95%CI: 1.442–18.416) in PLpro were associated with an increased risk of death. A synergistic interaction existed between age and mutations A146D and P78L. The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis of the data on vaccinated patients demonstrated that, compared with the wild type, the P78L (OR = 3.376, 95%CI: 2.040–5.585) mutation was associated with an increased risk of death. In conclusion, compared with the wild-type PLpro protein, the P78L and K233Q mutations may increase the risk of death in infected individuals. In addition, a synergistic effect existed between age and P78L and K233Q that increased the risk of death in older patients. |
abstractGer |
Papain-like protease (PLpro) is important for the replication and transcription of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This study aimed to reveal the PLpro mutations associated with the clinical outcomes of patients. Due to the importance of the S protein in the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2, the mutation of the S protein was also analyzed in this study. After downloading the data from the Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Influenza Data (GISAID) database, samples were divided into two groups on the basis of patient status, namely, recovered and dead groups. This study performed a univariate analysis and further explored the association of mutations with patient outcomes through multivariate logistic regression analysis. A total of 138,492 samples were used for analysis. The patients had a mean age of 43.66 ± 21.56 years, and 51.3% of them were female. Multivariate logistic regression results showed that, compared with men, women had a lower risk of dying from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (OR = 0.687, 95%CI: 0.638–0.740). Compared with patients aged 17 years and younger, patients aged 18–64 years (OR = 2.864, 95%CI: 1.982–4.139) and patients over 65 years old (OR = 19.135, 95%CI: 13.280–27.572) had a higher risk of death after infection. Compared with the wild type, P78L (OR = 5.185, 95%CI: 2.763–9.730) and K233Q (OR = 5.154, 95%CI: 1.442–18.416) in PLpro were associated with an increased risk of death. A synergistic interaction existed between age and mutations A146D and P78L. The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis of the data on vaccinated patients demonstrated that, compared with the wild type, the P78L (OR = 3.376, 95%CI: 2.040–5.585) mutation was associated with an increased risk of death. In conclusion, compared with the wild-type PLpro protein, the P78L and K233Q mutations may increase the risk of death in infected individuals. In addition, a synergistic effect existed between age and P78L and K233Q that increased the risk of death in older patients. |
abstract_unstemmed |
Papain-like protease (PLpro) is important for the replication and transcription of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This study aimed to reveal the PLpro mutations associated with the clinical outcomes of patients. Due to the importance of the S protein in the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2, the mutation of the S protein was also analyzed in this study. After downloading the data from the Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Influenza Data (GISAID) database, samples were divided into two groups on the basis of patient status, namely, recovered and dead groups. This study performed a univariate analysis and further explored the association of mutations with patient outcomes through multivariate logistic regression analysis. A total of 138,492 samples were used for analysis. The patients had a mean age of 43.66 ± 21.56 years, and 51.3% of them were female. Multivariate logistic regression results showed that, compared with men, women had a lower risk of dying from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (OR = 0.687, 95%CI: 0.638–0.740). Compared with patients aged 17 years and younger, patients aged 18–64 years (OR = 2.864, 95%CI: 1.982–4.139) and patients over 65 years old (OR = 19.135, 95%CI: 13.280–27.572) had a higher risk of death after infection. Compared with the wild type, P78L (OR = 5.185, 95%CI: 2.763–9.730) and K233Q (OR = 5.154, 95%CI: 1.442–18.416) in PLpro were associated with an increased risk of death. A synergistic interaction existed between age and mutations A146D and P78L. The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis of the data on vaccinated patients demonstrated that, compared with the wild type, the P78L (OR = 3.376, 95%CI: 2.040–5.585) mutation was associated with an increased risk of death. In conclusion, compared with the wild-type PLpro protein, the P78L and K233Q mutations may increase the risk of death in infected individuals. In addition, a synergistic effect existed between age and P78L and K233Q that increased the risk of death in older patients. |
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title_short |
Association between Mutations in Papain-like Protease (PLpro) of SARS-CoV-2 with COVID-19 Clinical Outcomes |
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https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11091008 https://doaj.org/article/16d07a85e7be48f8bb669e6bf8591736 https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/9/1008 https://doaj.org/toc/2076-0817 |
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Zhilong Wu Peipei Hu Lin Gan Ying Wang Dingmei Zhang |
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