OSNR-Aware Modeling and Optimization of Multi-Core Fiber-Based Spectrally–Spatially Flexible Optical Networks

We focus on the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR)-aware optical path (lightpath) planning problem in spectrally and spatially flexible optical networks (SS-FONs) connected using weakly coupled multi-core fibers (MCFs) in which distance-adaptive and super-channel transmission is realized using mul...
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Autor*in:	Mirosław Klinkowski [verfasserIn] Marek Jaworski [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2022

Schlagwörter:	space division multiplexing elastic optical networks multi-core fiber inter-core crosstalk routing spatial mode and spectrum allocation

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Telecom - MDPI AG, 2020, 3(2022), 3, Seite 467-483
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:3 ; year:2022 ; number:3 ; pages:467-483

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/telecom3030025

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ005573599

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520			\|a We focus on the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR)-aware optical path (lightpath) planning problem in spectrally and spatially flexible optical networks (SS-FONs) connected using weakly coupled multi-core fibers (MCFs) in which distance-adaptive and super-channel transmission is realized using multiple modulation formats. In the SS-FON considered, the quality of transmission (QoT) of optical signals is degraded due to the inter-core crosstalk (XT) effect occurring in MCFs. To account for the XT impairment when planning lightpath connections, we make use of a reliable QoT model based on the OSNR estimation, in which the XT impairment is integrated with other physical-layer impairments. To model the lightpath planning optimization problem, we develop a novel mixed-integer programming (MIP) formulation that incorporates the OSNR model. In addition, we propose an efficient heuristic method that is capable of solving larger instances of the optimization problem considered. The results of numerical experiments indicate the low scalability of the MIP method due to the presence of XT and high effectiveness of the heuristic method. The analysis of three different network topologies and two types of MCFs shows a high impact of XT on network performance and limited performance gains from the presence of the central core in a 7-core MCF.
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allfields	10.3390/telecom3030025 doi (DE-627)DOAJ005573599 (DE-599)DOAJe0738dd7efb347bca68b3d1dd5c56b37 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TK7885-7895 QA75.5-76.95 Mirosław Klinkowski verfasserin aut OSNR-Aware Modeling and Optimization of Multi-Core Fiber-Based Spectrally–Spatially Flexible Optical Networks 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier We focus on the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR)-aware optical path (lightpath) planning problem in spectrally and spatially flexible optical networks (SS-FONs) connected using weakly coupled multi-core fibers (MCFs) in which distance-adaptive and super-channel transmission is realized using multiple modulation formats. In the SS-FON considered, the quality of transmission (QoT) of optical signals is degraded due to the inter-core crosstalk (XT) effect occurring in MCFs. To account for the XT impairment when planning lightpath connections, we make use of a reliable QoT model based on the OSNR estimation, in which the XT impairment is integrated with other physical-layer impairments. To model the lightpath planning optimization problem, we develop a novel mixed-integer programming (MIP) formulation that incorporates the OSNR model. In addition, we propose an efficient heuristic method that is capable of solving larger instances of the optimization problem considered. The results of numerical experiments indicate the low scalability of the MIP method due to the presence of XT and high effectiveness of the heuristic method. The analysis of three different network topologies and two types of MCFs shows a high impact of XT on network performance and limited performance gains from the presence of the central core in a 7-core MCF. space division multiplexing elastic optical networks multi-core fiber inter-core crosstalk routing spatial mode and spectrum allocation Computer engineering. Computer hardware Electronic computers. Computer science Marek Jaworski verfasserin aut In Telecom MDPI AG, 2020 3(2022), 3, Seite 467-483 (DE-627)1696034000 26734001 nnns volume:3 year:2022 number:3 pages:467-483 https://doi.org/10.3390/telecom3030025 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/e0738dd7efb347bca68b3d1dd5c56b37 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4001/3/3/25 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2673-4001 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 3 2022 3 467-483
spelling	10.3390/telecom3030025 doi (DE-627)DOAJ005573599 (DE-599)DOAJe0738dd7efb347bca68b3d1dd5c56b37 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TK7885-7895 QA75.5-76.95 Mirosław Klinkowski verfasserin aut OSNR-Aware Modeling and Optimization of Multi-Core Fiber-Based Spectrally–Spatially Flexible Optical Networks 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier We focus on the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR)-aware optical path (lightpath) planning problem in spectrally and spatially flexible optical networks (SS-FONs) connected using weakly coupled multi-core fibers (MCFs) in which distance-adaptive and super-channel transmission is realized using multiple modulation formats. In the SS-FON considered, the quality of transmission (QoT) of optical signals is degraded due to the inter-core crosstalk (XT) effect occurring in MCFs. To account for the XT impairment when planning lightpath connections, we make use of a reliable QoT model based on the OSNR estimation, in which the XT impairment is integrated with other physical-layer impairments. To model the lightpath planning optimization problem, we develop a novel mixed-integer programming (MIP) formulation that incorporates the OSNR model. In addition, we propose an efficient heuristic method that is capable of solving larger instances of the optimization problem considered. The results of numerical experiments indicate the low scalability of the MIP method due to the presence of XT and high effectiveness of the heuristic method. The analysis of three different network topologies and two types of MCFs shows a high impact of XT on network performance and limited performance gains from the presence of the central core in a 7-core MCF. space division multiplexing elastic optical networks multi-core fiber inter-core crosstalk routing spatial mode and spectrum allocation Computer engineering. Computer hardware Electronic computers. Computer science Marek Jaworski verfasserin aut In Telecom MDPI AG, 2020 3(2022), 3, Seite 467-483 (DE-627)1696034000 26734001 nnns volume:3 year:2022 number:3 pages:467-483 https://doi.org/10.3390/telecom3030025 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/e0738dd7efb347bca68b3d1dd5c56b37 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4001/3/3/25 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2673-4001 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 3 2022 3 467-483
allfields_unstemmed	10.3390/telecom3030025 doi (DE-627)DOAJ005573599 (DE-599)DOAJe0738dd7efb347bca68b3d1dd5c56b37 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TK7885-7895 QA75.5-76.95 Mirosław Klinkowski verfasserin aut OSNR-Aware Modeling and Optimization of Multi-Core Fiber-Based Spectrally–Spatially Flexible Optical Networks 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier We focus on the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR)-aware optical path (lightpath) planning problem in spectrally and spatially flexible optical networks (SS-FONs) connected using weakly coupled multi-core fibers (MCFs) in which distance-adaptive and super-channel transmission is realized using multiple modulation formats. In the SS-FON considered, the quality of transmission (QoT) of optical signals is degraded due to the inter-core crosstalk (XT) effect occurring in MCFs. To account for the XT impairment when planning lightpath connections, we make use of a reliable QoT model based on the OSNR estimation, in which the XT impairment is integrated with other physical-layer impairments. To model the lightpath planning optimization problem, we develop a novel mixed-integer programming (MIP) formulation that incorporates the OSNR model. In addition, we propose an efficient heuristic method that is capable of solving larger instances of the optimization problem considered. The results of numerical experiments indicate the low scalability of the MIP method due to the presence of XT and high effectiveness of the heuristic method. The analysis of three different network topologies and two types of MCFs shows a high impact of XT on network performance and limited performance gains from the presence of the central core in a 7-core MCF. space division multiplexing elastic optical networks multi-core fiber inter-core crosstalk routing spatial mode and spectrum allocation Computer engineering. Computer hardware Electronic computers. Computer science Marek Jaworski verfasserin aut In Telecom MDPI AG, 2020 3(2022), 3, Seite 467-483 (DE-627)1696034000 26734001 nnns volume:3 year:2022 number:3 pages:467-483 https://doi.org/10.3390/telecom3030025 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/e0738dd7efb347bca68b3d1dd5c56b37 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4001/3/3/25 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2673-4001 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 3 2022 3 467-483
allfieldsGer	10.3390/telecom3030025 doi (DE-627)DOAJ005573599 (DE-599)DOAJe0738dd7efb347bca68b3d1dd5c56b37 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TK7885-7895 QA75.5-76.95 Mirosław Klinkowski verfasserin aut OSNR-Aware Modeling and Optimization of Multi-Core Fiber-Based Spectrally–Spatially Flexible Optical Networks 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier We focus on the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR)-aware optical path (lightpath) planning problem in spectrally and spatially flexible optical networks (SS-FONs) connected using weakly coupled multi-core fibers (MCFs) in which distance-adaptive and super-channel transmission is realized using multiple modulation formats. In the SS-FON considered, the quality of transmission (QoT) of optical signals is degraded due to the inter-core crosstalk (XT) effect occurring in MCFs. To account for the XT impairment when planning lightpath connections, we make use of a reliable QoT model based on the OSNR estimation, in which the XT impairment is integrated with other physical-layer impairments. To model the lightpath planning optimization problem, we develop a novel mixed-integer programming (MIP) formulation that incorporates the OSNR model. In addition, we propose an efficient heuristic method that is capable of solving larger instances of the optimization problem considered. The results of numerical experiments indicate the low scalability of the MIP method due to the presence of XT and high effectiveness of the heuristic method. The analysis of three different network topologies and two types of MCFs shows a high impact of XT on network performance and limited performance gains from the presence of the central core in a 7-core MCF. space division multiplexing elastic optical networks multi-core fiber inter-core crosstalk routing spatial mode and spectrum allocation Computer engineering. Computer hardware Electronic computers. Computer science Marek Jaworski verfasserin aut In Telecom MDPI AG, 2020 3(2022), 3, Seite 467-483 (DE-627)1696034000 26734001 nnns volume:3 year:2022 number:3 pages:467-483 https://doi.org/10.3390/telecom3030025 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/e0738dd7efb347bca68b3d1dd5c56b37 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4001/3/3/25 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2673-4001 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 3 2022 3 467-483
allfieldsSound	10.3390/telecom3030025 doi (DE-627)DOAJ005573599 (DE-599)DOAJe0738dd7efb347bca68b3d1dd5c56b37 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TK7885-7895 QA75.5-76.95 Mirosław Klinkowski verfasserin aut OSNR-Aware Modeling and Optimization of Multi-Core Fiber-Based Spectrally–Spatially Flexible Optical Networks 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier We focus on the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR)-aware optical path (lightpath) planning problem in spectrally and spatially flexible optical networks (SS-FONs) connected using weakly coupled multi-core fibers (MCFs) in which distance-adaptive and super-channel transmission is realized using multiple modulation formats. In the SS-FON considered, the quality of transmission (QoT) of optical signals is degraded due to the inter-core crosstalk (XT) effect occurring in MCFs. To account for the XT impairment when planning lightpath connections, we make use of a reliable QoT model based on the OSNR estimation, in which the XT impairment is integrated with other physical-layer impairments. To model the lightpath planning optimization problem, we develop a novel mixed-integer programming (MIP) formulation that incorporates the OSNR model. In addition, we propose an efficient heuristic method that is capable of solving larger instances of the optimization problem considered. The results of numerical experiments indicate the low scalability of the MIP method due to the presence of XT and high effectiveness of the heuristic method. The analysis of three different network topologies and two types of MCFs shows a high impact of XT on network performance and limited performance gains from the presence of the central core in a 7-core MCF. space division multiplexing elastic optical networks multi-core fiber inter-core crosstalk routing spatial mode and spectrum allocation Computer engineering. Computer hardware Electronic computers. Computer science Marek Jaworski verfasserin aut In Telecom MDPI AG, 2020 3(2022), 3, Seite 467-483 (DE-627)1696034000 26734001 nnns volume:3 year:2022 number:3 pages:467-483 https://doi.org/10.3390/telecom3030025 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/e0738dd7efb347bca68b3d1dd5c56b37 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4001/3/3/25 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2673-4001 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 3 2022 3 467-483
language	English
source	In Telecom 3(2022), 3, Seite 467-483 volume:3 year:2022 number:3 pages:467-483
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format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	space division multiplexing elastic optical networks multi-core fiber inter-core crosstalk routing spatial mode and spectrum allocation Computer engineering. Computer hardware Electronic computers. Computer science
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container_title	Telecom
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Mirosław Klinkowski @@aut@@ Marek Jaworski @@aut@@
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callnumber-first	T - Technology
author	Mirosław Klinkowski
spellingShingle	Mirosław Klinkowski misc TK7885-7895 misc QA75.5-76.95 misc space division multiplexing misc elastic optical networks misc multi-core fiber misc inter-core crosstalk misc routing misc spatial mode and spectrum allocation misc Computer engineering. Computer hardware misc Electronic computers. Computer science OSNR-Aware Modeling and Optimization of Multi-Core Fiber-Based Spectrally–Spatially Flexible Optical Networks
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topic_title	TK7885-7895 QA75.5-76.95 OSNR-Aware Modeling and Optimization of Multi-Core Fiber-Based Spectrally–Spatially Flexible Optical Networks space division multiplexing elastic optical networks multi-core fiber inter-core crosstalk routing spatial mode and spectrum allocation
topic	misc TK7885-7895 misc QA75.5-76.95 misc space division multiplexing misc elastic optical networks misc multi-core fiber misc inter-core crosstalk misc routing misc spatial mode and spectrum allocation misc Computer engineering. Computer hardware misc Electronic computers. Computer science
topic_unstemmed	misc TK7885-7895 misc QA75.5-76.95 misc space division multiplexing misc elastic optical networks misc multi-core fiber misc inter-core crosstalk misc routing misc spatial mode and spectrum allocation misc Computer engineering. Computer hardware misc Electronic computers. Computer science
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title	OSNR-Aware Modeling and Optimization of Multi-Core Fiber-Based Spectrally–Spatially Flexible Optical Networks
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title_full	OSNR-Aware Modeling and Optimization of Multi-Core Fiber-Based Spectrally–Spatially Flexible Optical Networks
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title_sort	osnr-aware modeling and optimization of multi-core fiber-based spectrally–spatially flexible optical networks
callnumber	TK7885-7895
title_auth	OSNR-Aware Modeling and Optimization of Multi-Core Fiber-Based Spectrally–Spatially Flexible Optical Networks
abstract	We focus on the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR)-aware optical path (lightpath) planning problem in spectrally and spatially flexible optical networks (SS-FONs) connected using weakly coupled multi-core fibers (MCFs) in which distance-adaptive and super-channel transmission is realized using multiple modulation formats. In the SS-FON considered, the quality of transmission (QoT) of optical signals is degraded due to the inter-core crosstalk (XT) effect occurring in MCFs. To account for the XT impairment when planning lightpath connections, we make use of a reliable QoT model based on the OSNR estimation, in which the XT impairment is integrated with other physical-layer impairments. To model the lightpath planning optimization problem, we develop a novel mixed-integer programming (MIP) formulation that incorporates the OSNR model. In addition, we propose an efficient heuristic method that is capable of solving larger instances of the optimization problem considered. The results of numerical experiments indicate the low scalability of the MIP method due to the presence of XT and high effectiveness of the heuristic method. The analysis of three different network topologies and two types of MCFs shows a high impact of XT on network performance and limited performance gains from the presence of the central core in a 7-core MCF.
abstractGer	We focus on the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR)-aware optical path (lightpath) planning problem in spectrally and spatially flexible optical networks (SS-FONs) connected using weakly coupled multi-core fibers (MCFs) in which distance-adaptive and super-channel transmission is realized using multiple modulation formats. In the SS-FON considered, the quality of transmission (QoT) of optical signals is degraded due to the inter-core crosstalk (XT) effect occurring in MCFs. To account for the XT impairment when planning lightpath connections, we make use of a reliable QoT model based on the OSNR estimation, in which the XT impairment is integrated with other physical-layer impairments. To model the lightpath planning optimization problem, we develop a novel mixed-integer programming (MIP) formulation that incorporates the OSNR model. In addition, we propose an efficient heuristic method that is capable of solving larger instances of the optimization problem considered. The results of numerical experiments indicate the low scalability of the MIP method due to the presence of XT and high effectiveness of the heuristic method. The analysis of three different network topologies and two types of MCFs shows a high impact of XT on network performance and limited performance gains from the presence of the central core in a 7-core MCF.
abstract_unstemmed	We focus on the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR)-aware optical path (lightpath) planning problem in spectrally and spatially flexible optical networks (SS-FONs) connected using weakly coupled multi-core fibers (MCFs) in which distance-adaptive and super-channel transmission is realized using multiple modulation formats. In the SS-FON considered, the quality of transmission (QoT) of optical signals is degraded due to the inter-core crosstalk (XT) effect occurring in MCFs. To account for the XT impairment when planning lightpath connections, we make use of a reliable QoT model based on the OSNR estimation, in which the XT impairment is integrated with other physical-layer impairments. To model the lightpath planning optimization problem, we develop a novel mixed-integer programming (MIP) formulation that incorporates the OSNR model. In addition, we propose an efficient heuristic method that is capable of solving larger instances of the optimization problem considered. The results of numerical experiments indicate the low scalability of the MIP method due to the presence of XT and high effectiveness of the heuristic method. The analysis of three different network topologies and two types of MCFs shows a high impact of XT on network performance and limited performance gains from the presence of the central core in a 7-core MCF.
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title_short	OSNR-Aware Modeling and Optimization of Multi-Core Fiber-Based Spectrally–Spatially Flexible Optical Networks
url	https://doi.org/10.3390/telecom3030025 https://doaj.org/article/e0738dd7efb347bca68b3d1dd5c56b37 https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4001/3/3/25 https://doaj.org/toc/2673-4001
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OSNR-Aware Modeling and Optimization of Multi-Core Fiber-Based Spectrally–Spatially Flexible Optical Networks

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