Contrasted continental rifting via plume-craton interaction: Applications to Central East African Rift
The East African Rift system (EARS) provides a unique system with the juxtaposition of two contrasting yet simultaneously formed rift branches, the eastern, magma-rich, and the western, magma-poor, on either sides of the old thick Tanzanian craton embedded in a younger lithosphere. Data on the pre-r...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Alexander Koptev [verfasserIn] Evgueni Burov [verfasserIn] Eric Calais [verfasserIn] Sylvie Leroy [verfasserIn] Taras Gerya [verfasserIn] Laurent Guillou-Frottier [verfasserIn] Sierd Cloetingh [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2016 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
In: Geoscience Frontiers - Elsevier, 2016, 7(2016), 2, Seite 221-236 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:7 ; year:2016 ; number:2 ; pages:221-236 |
| Links: |
|---|
| DOI / URN: |
10.1016/j.gsf.2015.11.002 |
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| 520 | |a The East African Rift system (EARS) provides a unique system with the juxtaposition of two contrasting yet simultaneously formed rift branches, the eastern, magma-rich, and the western, magma-poor, on either sides of the old thick Tanzanian craton embedded in a younger lithosphere. Data on the pre-rift, syn-rift and post-rift far-field volcanic and tectonic activity show that the EARS formed in the context of the interaction between a deep mantle plume and a horizontally and vertically heterogeneous lithosphere under far-field tectonic extension. We bring quantitative insights into this evolution by implementing high-resolution 3D thermo-mechanical numerical deformation models of a lithosphere of realistic rheology. The models focus on the central part of the EARS. We explore scenarios of plume-lithosphere interaction with plumes of various size and initial position rising beneath a tectonically pre-stretched lithosphere. We test the impact of the inherited rheological discontinuities (suture zones) along the craton borders, of the rheological structure, of lithosphere plate thickness variations, and of physical and mechanical contrasts between the craton and the embedding lithosphere. Our experiments indicate that the ascending plume material is deflected by the cratonic keel and preferentially channeled along one of its sides, leading to the formation of a large rift zone along the eastern side of the craton, with significant magmatic activity and substantial melt amount derived from the mantle plume material. We show that the observed asymmetry of the central EARS, with coeval amagmatic (western) and magmatic (eastern) branches, can be explained by the splitting of warm material rising from a broad plume head whose initial position is slightly shifted to the eastern side of the craton. In that case, neither a mechanical weakness of the contact between the craton and the embedding lithosphere nor the presence of second plume are required to produce simulations that match observations. This result reconciles the passive and active rift models and demonstrates the possibility of development of both magmatic and amagmatic rifts in identical geotectonic environments. | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Plume-lithosphere interaction | |
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10.1016/j.gsf.2015.11.002 doi (DE-627)DOAJ006117112 (DE-599)DOAJ43e5079fefcf4af9b5847e11a32bbcf2 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QE1-996.5 Alexander Koptev verfasserin aut Contrasted continental rifting via plume-craton interaction: Applications to Central East African Rift 2016 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The East African Rift system (EARS) provides a unique system with the juxtaposition of two contrasting yet simultaneously formed rift branches, the eastern, magma-rich, and the western, magma-poor, on either sides of the old thick Tanzanian craton embedded in a younger lithosphere. Data on the pre-rift, syn-rift and post-rift far-field volcanic and tectonic activity show that the EARS formed in the context of the interaction between a deep mantle plume and a horizontally and vertically heterogeneous lithosphere under far-field tectonic extension. We bring quantitative insights into this evolution by implementing high-resolution 3D thermo-mechanical numerical deformation models of a lithosphere of realistic rheology. The models focus on the central part of the EARS. We explore scenarios of plume-lithosphere interaction with plumes of various size and initial position rising beneath a tectonically pre-stretched lithosphere. We test the impact of the inherited rheological discontinuities (suture zones) along the craton borders, of the rheological structure, of lithosphere plate thickness variations, and of physical and mechanical contrasts between the craton and the embedding lithosphere. Our experiments indicate that the ascending plume material is deflected by the cratonic keel and preferentially channeled along one of its sides, leading to the formation of a large rift zone along the eastern side of the craton, with significant magmatic activity and substantial melt amount derived from the mantle plume material. We show that the observed asymmetry of the central EARS, with coeval amagmatic (western) and magmatic (eastern) branches, can be explained by the splitting of warm material rising from a broad plume head whose initial position is slightly shifted to the eastern side of the craton. In that case, neither a mechanical weakness of the contact between the craton and the embedding lithosphere nor the presence of second plume are required to produce simulations that match observations. This result reconciles the passive and active rift models and demonstrates the possibility of development of both magmatic and amagmatic rifts in identical geotectonic environments. Plume-lithosphere interaction Continental rifting East African Rift System 3D numerical modeling Geology Evgueni Burov verfasserin aut Eric Calais verfasserin aut Sylvie Leroy verfasserin aut Taras Gerya verfasserin aut Laurent Guillou-Frottier verfasserin aut Sierd Cloetingh verfasserin aut In Geoscience Frontiers Elsevier, 2016 7(2016), 2, Seite 221-236 (DE-627)DOAJ000091189 25889192 nnns volume:7 year:2016 number:2 pages:221-236 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2015.11.002 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/43e5079fefcf4af9b5847e11a32bbcf2 kostenfrei http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987115001280 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1674-9871 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ AR 7 2016 2 221-236 |
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10.1016/j.gsf.2015.11.002 doi (DE-627)DOAJ006117112 (DE-599)DOAJ43e5079fefcf4af9b5847e11a32bbcf2 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QE1-996.5 Alexander Koptev verfasserin aut Contrasted continental rifting via plume-craton interaction: Applications to Central East African Rift 2016 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The East African Rift system (EARS) provides a unique system with the juxtaposition of two contrasting yet simultaneously formed rift branches, the eastern, magma-rich, and the western, magma-poor, on either sides of the old thick Tanzanian craton embedded in a younger lithosphere. Data on the pre-rift, syn-rift and post-rift far-field volcanic and tectonic activity show that the EARS formed in the context of the interaction between a deep mantle plume and a horizontally and vertically heterogeneous lithosphere under far-field tectonic extension. We bring quantitative insights into this evolution by implementing high-resolution 3D thermo-mechanical numerical deformation models of a lithosphere of realistic rheology. The models focus on the central part of the EARS. We explore scenarios of plume-lithosphere interaction with plumes of various size and initial position rising beneath a tectonically pre-stretched lithosphere. We test the impact of the inherited rheological discontinuities (suture zones) along the craton borders, of the rheological structure, of lithosphere plate thickness variations, and of physical and mechanical contrasts between the craton and the embedding lithosphere. Our experiments indicate that the ascending plume material is deflected by the cratonic keel and preferentially channeled along one of its sides, leading to the formation of a large rift zone along the eastern side of the craton, with significant magmatic activity and substantial melt amount derived from the mantle plume material. We show that the observed asymmetry of the central EARS, with coeval amagmatic (western) and magmatic (eastern) branches, can be explained by the splitting of warm material rising from a broad plume head whose initial position is slightly shifted to the eastern side of the craton. In that case, neither a mechanical weakness of the contact between the craton and the embedding lithosphere nor the presence of second plume are required to produce simulations that match observations. This result reconciles the passive and active rift models and demonstrates the possibility of development of both magmatic and amagmatic rifts in identical geotectonic environments. Plume-lithosphere interaction Continental rifting East African Rift System 3D numerical modeling Geology Evgueni Burov verfasserin aut Eric Calais verfasserin aut Sylvie Leroy verfasserin aut Taras Gerya verfasserin aut Laurent Guillou-Frottier verfasserin aut Sierd Cloetingh verfasserin aut In Geoscience Frontiers Elsevier, 2016 7(2016), 2, Seite 221-236 (DE-627)DOAJ000091189 25889192 nnns volume:7 year:2016 number:2 pages:221-236 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2015.11.002 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/43e5079fefcf4af9b5847e11a32bbcf2 kostenfrei http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987115001280 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1674-9871 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ AR 7 2016 2 221-236 |
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10.1016/j.gsf.2015.11.002 doi (DE-627)DOAJ006117112 (DE-599)DOAJ43e5079fefcf4af9b5847e11a32bbcf2 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QE1-996.5 Alexander Koptev verfasserin aut Contrasted continental rifting via plume-craton interaction: Applications to Central East African Rift 2016 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The East African Rift system (EARS) provides a unique system with the juxtaposition of two contrasting yet simultaneously formed rift branches, the eastern, magma-rich, and the western, magma-poor, on either sides of the old thick Tanzanian craton embedded in a younger lithosphere. Data on the pre-rift, syn-rift and post-rift far-field volcanic and tectonic activity show that the EARS formed in the context of the interaction between a deep mantle plume and a horizontally and vertically heterogeneous lithosphere under far-field tectonic extension. We bring quantitative insights into this evolution by implementing high-resolution 3D thermo-mechanical numerical deformation models of a lithosphere of realistic rheology. The models focus on the central part of the EARS. We explore scenarios of plume-lithosphere interaction with plumes of various size and initial position rising beneath a tectonically pre-stretched lithosphere. We test the impact of the inherited rheological discontinuities (suture zones) along the craton borders, of the rheological structure, of lithosphere plate thickness variations, and of physical and mechanical contrasts between the craton and the embedding lithosphere. Our experiments indicate that the ascending plume material is deflected by the cratonic keel and preferentially channeled along one of its sides, leading to the formation of a large rift zone along the eastern side of the craton, with significant magmatic activity and substantial melt amount derived from the mantle plume material. We show that the observed asymmetry of the central EARS, with coeval amagmatic (western) and magmatic (eastern) branches, can be explained by the splitting of warm material rising from a broad plume head whose initial position is slightly shifted to the eastern side of the craton. In that case, neither a mechanical weakness of the contact between the craton and the embedding lithosphere nor the presence of second plume are required to produce simulations that match observations. This result reconciles the passive and active rift models and demonstrates the possibility of development of both magmatic and amagmatic rifts in identical geotectonic environments. Plume-lithosphere interaction Continental rifting East African Rift System 3D numerical modeling Geology Evgueni Burov verfasserin aut Eric Calais verfasserin aut Sylvie Leroy verfasserin aut Taras Gerya verfasserin aut Laurent Guillou-Frottier verfasserin aut Sierd Cloetingh verfasserin aut In Geoscience Frontiers Elsevier, 2016 7(2016), 2, Seite 221-236 (DE-627)DOAJ000091189 25889192 nnns volume:7 year:2016 number:2 pages:221-236 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2015.11.002 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/43e5079fefcf4af9b5847e11a32bbcf2 kostenfrei http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987115001280 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1674-9871 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ AR 7 2016 2 221-236 |
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10.1016/j.gsf.2015.11.002 doi (DE-627)DOAJ006117112 (DE-599)DOAJ43e5079fefcf4af9b5847e11a32bbcf2 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QE1-996.5 Alexander Koptev verfasserin aut Contrasted continental rifting via plume-craton interaction: Applications to Central East African Rift 2016 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The East African Rift system (EARS) provides a unique system with the juxtaposition of two contrasting yet simultaneously formed rift branches, the eastern, magma-rich, and the western, magma-poor, on either sides of the old thick Tanzanian craton embedded in a younger lithosphere. Data on the pre-rift, syn-rift and post-rift far-field volcanic and tectonic activity show that the EARS formed in the context of the interaction between a deep mantle plume and a horizontally and vertically heterogeneous lithosphere under far-field tectonic extension. We bring quantitative insights into this evolution by implementing high-resolution 3D thermo-mechanical numerical deformation models of a lithosphere of realistic rheology. The models focus on the central part of the EARS. We explore scenarios of plume-lithosphere interaction with plumes of various size and initial position rising beneath a tectonically pre-stretched lithosphere. We test the impact of the inherited rheological discontinuities (suture zones) along the craton borders, of the rheological structure, of lithosphere plate thickness variations, and of physical and mechanical contrasts between the craton and the embedding lithosphere. Our experiments indicate that the ascending plume material is deflected by the cratonic keel and preferentially channeled along one of its sides, leading to the formation of a large rift zone along the eastern side of the craton, with significant magmatic activity and substantial melt amount derived from the mantle plume material. We show that the observed asymmetry of the central EARS, with coeval amagmatic (western) and magmatic (eastern) branches, can be explained by the splitting of warm material rising from a broad plume head whose initial position is slightly shifted to the eastern side of the craton. In that case, neither a mechanical weakness of the contact between the craton and the embedding lithosphere nor the presence of second plume are required to produce simulations that match observations. This result reconciles the passive and active rift models and demonstrates the possibility of development of both magmatic and amagmatic rifts in identical geotectonic environments. Plume-lithosphere interaction Continental rifting East African Rift System 3D numerical modeling Geology Evgueni Burov verfasserin aut Eric Calais verfasserin aut Sylvie Leroy verfasserin aut Taras Gerya verfasserin aut Laurent Guillou-Frottier verfasserin aut Sierd Cloetingh verfasserin aut In Geoscience Frontiers Elsevier, 2016 7(2016), 2, Seite 221-236 (DE-627)DOAJ000091189 25889192 nnns volume:7 year:2016 number:2 pages:221-236 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2015.11.002 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/43e5079fefcf4af9b5847e11a32bbcf2 kostenfrei http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987115001280 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1674-9871 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ AR 7 2016 2 221-236 |
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10.1016/j.gsf.2015.11.002 doi (DE-627)DOAJ006117112 (DE-599)DOAJ43e5079fefcf4af9b5847e11a32bbcf2 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QE1-996.5 Alexander Koptev verfasserin aut Contrasted continental rifting via plume-craton interaction: Applications to Central East African Rift 2016 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The East African Rift system (EARS) provides a unique system with the juxtaposition of two contrasting yet simultaneously formed rift branches, the eastern, magma-rich, and the western, magma-poor, on either sides of the old thick Tanzanian craton embedded in a younger lithosphere. Data on the pre-rift, syn-rift and post-rift far-field volcanic and tectonic activity show that the EARS formed in the context of the interaction between a deep mantle plume and a horizontally and vertically heterogeneous lithosphere under far-field tectonic extension. We bring quantitative insights into this evolution by implementing high-resolution 3D thermo-mechanical numerical deformation models of a lithosphere of realistic rheology. The models focus on the central part of the EARS. We explore scenarios of plume-lithosphere interaction with plumes of various size and initial position rising beneath a tectonically pre-stretched lithosphere. We test the impact of the inherited rheological discontinuities (suture zones) along the craton borders, of the rheological structure, of lithosphere plate thickness variations, and of physical and mechanical contrasts between the craton and the embedding lithosphere. Our experiments indicate that the ascending plume material is deflected by the cratonic keel and preferentially channeled along one of its sides, leading to the formation of a large rift zone along the eastern side of the craton, with significant magmatic activity and substantial melt amount derived from the mantle plume material. We show that the observed asymmetry of the central EARS, with coeval amagmatic (western) and magmatic (eastern) branches, can be explained by the splitting of warm material rising from a broad plume head whose initial position is slightly shifted to the eastern side of the craton. In that case, neither a mechanical weakness of the contact between the craton and the embedding lithosphere nor the presence of second plume are required to produce simulations that match observations. This result reconciles the passive and active rift models and demonstrates the possibility of development of both magmatic and amagmatic rifts in identical geotectonic environments. Plume-lithosphere interaction Continental rifting East African Rift System 3D numerical modeling Geology Evgueni Burov verfasserin aut Eric Calais verfasserin aut Sylvie Leroy verfasserin aut Taras Gerya verfasserin aut Laurent Guillou-Frottier verfasserin aut Sierd Cloetingh verfasserin aut In Geoscience Frontiers Elsevier, 2016 7(2016), 2, Seite 221-236 (DE-627)DOAJ000091189 25889192 nnns volume:7 year:2016 number:2 pages:221-236 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2015.11.002 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/43e5079fefcf4af9b5847e11a32bbcf2 kostenfrei http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987115001280 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1674-9871 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ AR 7 2016 2 221-236 |
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Our experiments indicate that the ascending plume material is deflected by the cratonic keel and preferentially channeled along one of its sides, leading to the formation of a large rift zone along the eastern side of the craton, with significant magmatic activity and substantial melt amount derived from the mantle plume material. We show that the observed asymmetry of the central EARS, with coeval amagmatic (western) and magmatic (eastern) branches, can be explained by the splitting of warm material rising from a broad plume head whose initial position is slightly shifted to the eastern side of the craton. In that case, neither a mechanical weakness of the contact between the craton and the embedding lithosphere nor the presence of second plume are required to produce simulations that match observations. 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Contrasted continental rifting via plume-craton interaction: Applications to Central East African Rift |
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The East African Rift system (EARS) provides a unique system with the juxtaposition of two contrasting yet simultaneously formed rift branches, the eastern, magma-rich, and the western, magma-poor, on either sides of the old thick Tanzanian craton embedded in a younger lithosphere. Data on the pre-rift, syn-rift and post-rift far-field volcanic and tectonic activity show that the EARS formed in the context of the interaction between a deep mantle plume and a horizontally and vertically heterogeneous lithosphere under far-field tectonic extension. We bring quantitative insights into this evolution by implementing high-resolution 3D thermo-mechanical numerical deformation models of a lithosphere of realistic rheology. The models focus on the central part of the EARS. We explore scenarios of plume-lithosphere interaction with plumes of various size and initial position rising beneath a tectonically pre-stretched lithosphere. We test the impact of the inherited rheological discontinuities (suture zones) along the craton borders, of the rheological structure, of lithosphere plate thickness variations, and of physical and mechanical contrasts between the craton and the embedding lithosphere. Our experiments indicate that the ascending plume material is deflected by the cratonic keel and preferentially channeled along one of its sides, leading to the formation of a large rift zone along the eastern side of the craton, with significant magmatic activity and substantial melt amount derived from the mantle plume material. We show that the observed asymmetry of the central EARS, with coeval amagmatic (western) and magmatic (eastern) branches, can be explained by the splitting of warm material rising from a broad plume head whose initial position is slightly shifted to the eastern side of the craton. In that case, neither a mechanical weakness of the contact between the craton and the embedding lithosphere nor the presence of second plume are required to produce simulations that match observations. This result reconciles the passive and active rift models and demonstrates the possibility of development of both magmatic and amagmatic rifts in identical geotectonic environments. |
| abstractGer |
The East African Rift system (EARS) provides a unique system with the juxtaposition of two contrasting yet simultaneously formed rift branches, the eastern, magma-rich, and the western, magma-poor, on either sides of the old thick Tanzanian craton embedded in a younger lithosphere. Data on the pre-rift, syn-rift and post-rift far-field volcanic and tectonic activity show that the EARS formed in the context of the interaction between a deep mantle plume and a horizontally and vertically heterogeneous lithosphere under far-field tectonic extension. We bring quantitative insights into this evolution by implementing high-resolution 3D thermo-mechanical numerical deformation models of a lithosphere of realistic rheology. The models focus on the central part of the EARS. We explore scenarios of plume-lithosphere interaction with plumes of various size and initial position rising beneath a tectonically pre-stretched lithosphere. We test the impact of the inherited rheological discontinuities (suture zones) along the craton borders, of the rheological structure, of lithosphere plate thickness variations, and of physical and mechanical contrasts between the craton and the embedding lithosphere. Our experiments indicate that the ascending plume material is deflected by the cratonic keel and preferentially channeled along one of its sides, leading to the formation of a large rift zone along the eastern side of the craton, with significant magmatic activity and substantial melt amount derived from the mantle plume material. We show that the observed asymmetry of the central EARS, with coeval amagmatic (western) and magmatic (eastern) branches, can be explained by the splitting of warm material rising from a broad plume head whose initial position is slightly shifted to the eastern side of the craton. In that case, neither a mechanical weakness of the contact between the craton and the embedding lithosphere nor the presence of second plume are required to produce simulations that match observations. This result reconciles the passive and active rift models and demonstrates the possibility of development of both magmatic and amagmatic rifts in identical geotectonic environments. |
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The East African Rift system (EARS) provides a unique system with the juxtaposition of two contrasting yet simultaneously formed rift branches, the eastern, magma-rich, and the western, magma-poor, on either sides of the old thick Tanzanian craton embedded in a younger lithosphere. Data on the pre-rift, syn-rift and post-rift far-field volcanic and tectonic activity show that the EARS formed in the context of the interaction between a deep mantle plume and a horizontally and vertically heterogeneous lithosphere under far-field tectonic extension. We bring quantitative insights into this evolution by implementing high-resolution 3D thermo-mechanical numerical deformation models of a lithosphere of realistic rheology. The models focus on the central part of the EARS. We explore scenarios of plume-lithosphere interaction with plumes of various size and initial position rising beneath a tectonically pre-stretched lithosphere. We test the impact of the inherited rheological discontinuities (suture zones) along the craton borders, of the rheological structure, of lithosphere plate thickness variations, and of physical and mechanical contrasts between the craton and the embedding lithosphere. Our experiments indicate that the ascending plume material is deflected by the cratonic keel and preferentially channeled along one of its sides, leading to the formation of a large rift zone along the eastern side of the craton, with significant magmatic activity and substantial melt amount derived from the mantle plume material. We show that the observed asymmetry of the central EARS, with coeval amagmatic (western) and magmatic (eastern) branches, can be explained by the splitting of warm material rising from a broad plume head whose initial position is slightly shifted to the eastern side of the craton. In that case, neither a mechanical weakness of the contact between the craton and the embedding lithosphere nor the presence of second plume are required to produce simulations that match observations. This result reconciles the passive and active rift models and demonstrates the possibility of development of both magmatic and amagmatic rifts in identical geotectonic environments. |
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