Changes in Domestic Energy and Water Usage during the UK COVID-19 Lockdown Using High-Resolution Temporal Data

In response to the COVID-19 outbreak, the UK Government provided public health <i<advice</i< to stay at home from 16 March 2020, followed by <i<instruction</i< to stay at home (full lockdown) from 24 March 2020. We use data with high temporal resolution from utility sensors i...
Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Tamaryn Menneer [verfasserIn] Zening Qi [verfasserIn] Timothy Taylor [verfasserIn] Cheryl Paterson [verfasserIn] Gengyang Tu [verfasserIn] Lewis R. Elliott [verfasserIn] Karyn Morrissey [verfasserIn] Markus Mueller [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2021

Schlagwörter:	sensors electricity usage gas usage water usage COVID-19

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health - MDPI AG, 2005, 18(2021), 6818, p 6818
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:18 ; year:2021 ; number:6818, p 6818

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/ijerph18136818

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ006388914

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allfields	10.3390/ijerph18136818 doi (DE-627)DOAJ006388914 (DE-599)DOAJab072c5d01934460ada668ead61b00ea DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Tamaryn Menneer verfasserin aut Changes in Domestic Energy and Water Usage during the UK COVID-19 Lockdown Using High-Resolution Temporal Data 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier In response to the COVID-19 outbreak, the UK Government provided public health <i<advice</i< to stay at home from 16 March 2020, followed by <i<instruction</i< to stay at home (full lockdown) from 24 March 2020. We use data with high temporal resolution from utility sensors installed in 280 homes across social housing in Cornwall, UK, to test for changes in domestic electricity, gas and water usage in response to government guidance. Gas usage increased by 20% following advice to stay at home, the week before full lockdown, although no difference was seen during full lockdown itself. During full lockdown, morning electricity usage shifted to later in the day, decreasing at 6 a.m. and increasing at midday. These changes in energy were echoed in water usage, with a 17% increase and a one-hour delay in peak morning usage. Changes were consistent with people getting up later, spending more time at home and washing more during full lockdown. Evidence for these changes was also observed in later lockdowns, but not between lockdowns. Our findings suggest more compliance with an enforced stay-at-home message than with advice. We discuss implications for socioeconomically disadvantaged households given the indication of inability to achieve increased energy needs during the pandemic. sensors electricity usage gas usage water usage COVID-19 Medicine R Zening Qi verfasserin aut Timothy Taylor verfasserin aut Cheryl Paterson verfasserin aut Gengyang Tu verfasserin aut Lewis R. Elliott verfasserin aut Karyn Morrissey verfasserin aut Markus Mueller verfasserin aut In International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health MDPI AG, 2005 18(2021), 6818, p 6818 (DE-627)477992463 (DE-600)2175195-X 16604601 nnns volume:18 year:2021 number:6818, p 6818 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136818 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/ab072c5d01934460ada668ead61b00ea kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/13/6818 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 18 2021 6818, p 6818
spelling	10.3390/ijerph18136818 doi (DE-627)DOAJ006388914 (DE-599)DOAJab072c5d01934460ada668ead61b00ea DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Tamaryn Menneer verfasserin aut Changes in Domestic Energy and Water Usage during the UK COVID-19 Lockdown Using High-Resolution Temporal Data 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier In response to the COVID-19 outbreak, the UK Government provided public health <i<advice</i< to stay at home from 16 March 2020, followed by <i<instruction</i< to stay at home (full lockdown) from 24 March 2020. We use data with high temporal resolution from utility sensors installed in 280 homes across social housing in Cornwall, UK, to test for changes in domestic electricity, gas and water usage in response to government guidance. Gas usage increased by 20% following advice to stay at home, the week before full lockdown, although no difference was seen during full lockdown itself. During full lockdown, morning electricity usage shifted to later in the day, decreasing at 6 a.m. and increasing at midday. These changes in energy were echoed in water usage, with a 17% increase and a one-hour delay in peak morning usage. Changes were consistent with people getting up later, spending more time at home and washing more during full lockdown. Evidence for these changes was also observed in later lockdowns, but not between lockdowns. Our findings suggest more compliance with an enforced stay-at-home message than with advice. We discuss implications for socioeconomically disadvantaged households given the indication of inability to achieve increased energy needs during the pandemic. sensors electricity usage gas usage water usage COVID-19 Medicine R Zening Qi verfasserin aut Timothy Taylor verfasserin aut Cheryl Paterson verfasserin aut Gengyang Tu verfasserin aut Lewis R. Elliott verfasserin aut Karyn Morrissey verfasserin aut Markus Mueller verfasserin aut In International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health MDPI AG, 2005 18(2021), 6818, p 6818 (DE-627)477992463 (DE-600)2175195-X 16604601 nnns volume:18 year:2021 number:6818, p 6818 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136818 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/ab072c5d01934460ada668ead61b00ea kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/13/6818 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 18 2021 6818, p 6818
allfields_unstemmed	10.3390/ijerph18136818 doi (DE-627)DOAJ006388914 (DE-599)DOAJab072c5d01934460ada668ead61b00ea DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Tamaryn Menneer verfasserin aut Changes in Domestic Energy and Water Usage during the UK COVID-19 Lockdown Using High-Resolution Temporal Data 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier In response to the COVID-19 outbreak, the UK Government provided public health <i<advice</i< to stay at home from 16 March 2020, followed by <i<instruction</i< to stay at home (full lockdown) from 24 March 2020. We use data with high temporal resolution from utility sensors installed in 280 homes across social housing in Cornwall, UK, to test for changes in domestic electricity, gas and water usage in response to government guidance. Gas usage increased by 20% following advice to stay at home, the week before full lockdown, although no difference was seen during full lockdown itself. During full lockdown, morning electricity usage shifted to later in the day, decreasing at 6 a.m. and increasing at midday. These changes in energy were echoed in water usage, with a 17% increase and a one-hour delay in peak morning usage. Changes were consistent with people getting up later, spending more time at home and washing more during full lockdown. Evidence for these changes was also observed in later lockdowns, but not between lockdowns. Our findings suggest more compliance with an enforced stay-at-home message than with advice. We discuss implications for socioeconomically disadvantaged households given the indication of inability to achieve increased energy needs during the pandemic. sensors electricity usage gas usage water usage COVID-19 Medicine R Zening Qi verfasserin aut Timothy Taylor verfasserin aut Cheryl Paterson verfasserin aut Gengyang Tu verfasserin aut Lewis R. Elliott verfasserin aut Karyn Morrissey verfasserin aut Markus Mueller verfasserin aut In International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health MDPI AG, 2005 18(2021), 6818, p 6818 (DE-627)477992463 (DE-600)2175195-X 16604601 nnns volume:18 year:2021 number:6818, p 6818 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136818 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/ab072c5d01934460ada668ead61b00ea kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/13/6818 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 18 2021 6818, p 6818
allfieldsGer	10.3390/ijerph18136818 doi (DE-627)DOAJ006388914 (DE-599)DOAJab072c5d01934460ada668ead61b00ea DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Tamaryn Menneer verfasserin aut Changes in Domestic Energy and Water Usage during the UK COVID-19 Lockdown Using High-Resolution Temporal Data 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier In response to the COVID-19 outbreak, the UK Government provided public health <i<advice</i< to stay at home from 16 March 2020, followed by <i<instruction</i< to stay at home (full lockdown) from 24 March 2020. We use data with high temporal resolution from utility sensors installed in 280 homes across social housing in Cornwall, UK, to test for changes in domestic electricity, gas and water usage in response to government guidance. Gas usage increased by 20% following advice to stay at home, the week before full lockdown, although no difference was seen during full lockdown itself. During full lockdown, morning electricity usage shifted to later in the day, decreasing at 6 a.m. and increasing at midday. These changes in energy were echoed in water usage, with a 17% increase and a one-hour delay in peak morning usage. Changes were consistent with people getting up later, spending more time at home and washing more during full lockdown. Evidence for these changes was also observed in later lockdowns, but not between lockdowns. Our findings suggest more compliance with an enforced stay-at-home message than with advice. We discuss implications for socioeconomically disadvantaged households given the indication of inability to achieve increased energy needs during the pandemic. sensors electricity usage gas usage water usage COVID-19 Medicine R Zening Qi verfasserin aut Timothy Taylor verfasserin aut Cheryl Paterson verfasserin aut Gengyang Tu verfasserin aut Lewis R. Elliott verfasserin aut Karyn Morrissey verfasserin aut Markus Mueller verfasserin aut In International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health MDPI AG, 2005 18(2021), 6818, p 6818 (DE-627)477992463 (DE-600)2175195-X 16604601 nnns volume:18 year:2021 number:6818, p 6818 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136818 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/ab072c5d01934460ada668ead61b00ea kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/13/6818 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 18 2021 6818, p 6818
allfieldsSound	10.3390/ijerph18136818 doi (DE-627)DOAJ006388914 (DE-599)DOAJab072c5d01934460ada668ead61b00ea DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Tamaryn Menneer verfasserin aut Changes in Domestic Energy and Water Usage during the UK COVID-19 Lockdown Using High-Resolution Temporal Data 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier In response to the COVID-19 outbreak, the UK Government provided public health <i<advice</i< to stay at home from 16 March 2020, followed by <i<instruction</i< to stay at home (full lockdown) from 24 March 2020. We use data with high temporal resolution from utility sensors installed in 280 homes across social housing in Cornwall, UK, to test for changes in domestic electricity, gas and water usage in response to government guidance. Gas usage increased by 20% following advice to stay at home, the week before full lockdown, although no difference was seen during full lockdown itself. During full lockdown, morning electricity usage shifted to later in the day, decreasing at 6 a.m. and increasing at midday. These changes in energy were echoed in water usage, with a 17% increase and a one-hour delay in peak morning usage. Changes were consistent with people getting up later, spending more time at home and washing more during full lockdown. Evidence for these changes was also observed in later lockdowns, but not between lockdowns. Our findings suggest more compliance with an enforced stay-at-home message than with advice. We discuss implications for socioeconomically disadvantaged households given the indication of inability to achieve increased energy needs during the pandemic. sensors electricity usage gas usage water usage COVID-19 Medicine R Zening Qi verfasserin aut Timothy Taylor verfasserin aut Cheryl Paterson verfasserin aut Gengyang Tu verfasserin aut Lewis R. Elliott verfasserin aut Karyn Morrissey verfasserin aut Markus Mueller verfasserin aut In International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health MDPI AG, 2005 18(2021), 6818, p 6818 (DE-627)477992463 (DE-600)2175195-X 16604601 nnns volume:18 year:2021 number:6818, p 6818 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136818 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/ab072c5d01934460ada668ead61b00ea kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/13/6818 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 18 2021 6818, p 6818
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author	Tamaryn Menneer
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topic_title	Changes in Domestic Energy and Water Usage during the UK COVID-19 Lockdown Using High-Resolution Temporal Data sensors electricity usage gas usage water usage COVID-19
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title	Changes in Domestic Energy and Water Usage during the UK COVID-19 Lockdown Using High-Resolution Temporal Data
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title_sort	changes in domestic energy and water usage during the uk covid-19 lockdown using high-resolution temporal data
title_auth	Changes in Domestic Energy and Water Usage during the UK COVID-19 Lockdown Using High-Resolution Temporal Data
abstract	In response to the COVID-19 outbreak, the UK Government provided public health <i<advice</i< to stay at home from 16 March 2020, followed by <i<instruction</i< to stay at home (full lockdown) from 24 March 2020. We use data with high temporal resolution from utility sensors installed in 280 homes across social housing in Cornwall, UK, to test for changes in domestic electricity, gas and water usage in response to government guidance. Gas usage increased by 20% following advice to stay at home, the week before full lockdown, although no difference was seen during full lockdown itself. During full lockdown, morning electricity usage shifted to later in the day, decreasing at 6 a.m. and increasing at midday. These changes in energy were echoed in water usage, with a 17% increase and a one-hour delay in peak morning usage. Changes were consistent with people getting up later, spending more time at home and washing more during full lockdown. Evidence for these changes was also observed in later lockdowns, but not between lockdowns. Our findings suggest more compliance with an enforced stay-at-home message than with advice. We discuss implications for socioeconomically disadvantaged households given the indication of inability to achieve increased energy needs during the pandemic.
abstractGer	In response to the COVID-19 outbreak, the UK Government provided public health <i<advice</i< to stay at home from 16 March 2020, followed by <i<instruction</i< to stay at home (full lockdown) from 24 March 2020. We use data with high temporal resolution from utility sensors installed in 280 homes across social housing in Cornwall, UK, to test for changes in domestic electricity, gas and water usage in response to government guidance. Gas usage increased by 20% following advice to stay at home, the week before full lockdown, although no difference was seen during full lockdown itself. During full lockdown, morning electricity usage shifted to later in the day, decreasing at 6 a.m. and increasing at midday. These changes in energy were echoed in water usage, with a 17% increase and a one-hour delay in peak morning usage. Changes were consistent with people getting up later, spending more time at home and washing more during full lockdown. Evidence for these changes was also observed in later lockdowns, but not between lockdowns. Our findings suggest more compliance with an enforced stay-at-home message than with advice. We discuss implications for socioeconomically disadvantaged households given the indication of inability to achieve increased energy needs during the pandemic.
abstract_unstemmed	In response to the COVID-19 outbreak, the UK Government provided public health <i<advice</i< to stay at home from 16 March 2020, followed by <i<instruction</i< to stay at home (full lockdown) from 24 March 2020. We use data with high temporal resolution from utility sensors installed in 280 homes across social housing in Cornwall, UK, to test for changes in domestic electricity, gas and water usage in response to government guidance. Gas usage increased by 20% following advice to stay at home, the week before full lockdown, although no difference was seen during full lockdown itself. During full lockdown, morning electricity usage shifted to later in the day, decreasing at 6 a.m. and increasing at midday. These changes in energy were echoed in water usage, with a 17% increase and a one-hour delay in peak morning usage. Changes were consistent with people getting up later, spending more time at home and washing more during full lockdown. Evidence for these changes was also observed in later lockdowns, but not between lockdowns. Our findings suggest more compliance with an enforced stay-at-home message than with advice. We discuss implications for socioeconomically disadvantaged households given the indication of inability to achieve increased energy needs during the pandemic.
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title_short	Changes in Domestic Energy and Water Usage during the UK COVID-19 Lockdown Using High-Resolution Temporal Data
url	https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136818 https://doaj.org/article/ab072c5d01934460ada668ead61b00ea https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/13/6818 https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827 https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601
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Changes in Domestic Energy and Water Usage during the UK COVID-19 Lockdown Using High-Resolution Temporal Data

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