The Split Intelligentsia in Northern European Russia in 1918–20
The article reveals the place of the intellectual élite – the intelligentsia – in Northern European Russia and the role it played in the Civil War that took place in the region in 1918-20. The article is based on the analysis of the latest research of Russian and foreign authors and takes into consi...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Flera Sokolova [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch ; Russisch |
| Erschienen: |
2018 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
In: Historia provinciae: журнал региональной истории - Cherepovets State University, 2019, 2(2018), 4, Seite 51-81 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:2 ; year:2018 ; number:4 ; pages:51-81 |
| Links: |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.23859/2587-8344-2018-2-4-1 |
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| Katalog-ID: |
DOAJ006563872 |
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| 520 | |a The article reveals the place of the intellectual élite – the intelligentsia – in Northern European Russia and the role it played in the Civil War that took place in the region in 1918-20. The article is based on the analysis of the latest research of Russian and foreign authors and takes into consideration various historical sources. It describes the ideological and political views, social attitudes and behaviour patterns of the intelligentsia which found itself ‘on opposite sides of the barricades’: in the area accountable to Soviet power and on the territories controlled by the anti-Bolshevik forces. It is noted that the Civil War became so bloody and large-scale partly because of participation of the politicized part of the intellectual élite in the war, as it was the intelligentsia that often became leaders and ideologists of various political parties and social movements and formed their social basis. In Northern European Russia, the sharp confrontation as well as ideological and political struggle took place due to the high concentration of anti-Bolshevik forces, mostly people migrating from the other regions, and due to an external factor, particularly presence of the allied forces. Most of the regional intelligentsia, despite their sympathy for anti-Bolshevism, showed their aspiration for cultural and creative activity in the professional field. It is shown that 1918–20 were the years that marked the significant transformation of points of view, attitudes and moods of the intelligentsia towards different political institutions that developed in the region and towards the implemented practices. Under the conditions of such a divided sociocultural space, the intelligentsia of ‘Red’ and ‘White’ North hit on the same idea that at that time there was no alternative to Bolshe-vism and Soviet power. This was due to several factors. Among other things, it was the fact that the followers of anti-Bolshevism, quite heterogeneous in their political composition, were drowning in their ideological and political struggle and conflicts that took place at all levels of power, so that they failed to ensure the constructive functioning of the regime and establish an effective dialogue with the regional intelligentsia. In turn, the concentration of forces, means and intellectual resources was ensured around the operation of Soviet power, which in turn also provided the victory of the Soviets in the Civil War. | ||
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10.23859/2587-8344-2018-2-4-1 doi (DE-627)DOAJ006563872 (DE-599)DOAJadd4588ab141464baa31f012bf1fa555 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng rus CB3-482 Flera Sokolova verfasserin aut The Split Intelligentsia in Northern European Russia in 1918–20 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The article reveals the place of the intellectual élite – the intelligentsia – in Northern European Russia and the role it played in the Civil War that took place in the region in 1918-20. The article is based on the analysis of the latest research of Russian and foreign authors and takes into consideration various historical sources. It describes the ideological and political views, social attitudes and behaviour patterns of the intelligentsia which found itself ‘on opposite sides of the barricades’: in the area accountable to Soviet power and on the territories controlled by the anti-Bolshevik forces. It is noted that the Civil War became so bloody and large-scale partly because of participation of the politicized part of the intellectual élite in the war, as it was the intelligentsia that often became leaders and ideologists of various political parties and social movements and formed their social basis. In Northern European Russia, the sharp confrontation as well as ideological and political struggle took place due to the high concentration of anti-Bolshevik forces, mostly people migrating from the other regions, and due to an external factor, particularly presence of the allied forces. Most of the regional intelligentsia, despite their sympathy for anti-Bolshevism, showed their aspiration for cultural and creative activity in the professional field. It is shown that 1918–20 were the years that marked the significant transformation of points of view, attitudes and moods of the intelligentsia towards different political institutions that developed in the region and towards the implemented practices. Under the conditions of such a divided sociocultural space, the intelligentsia of ‘Red’ and ‘White’ North hit on the same idea that at that time there was no alternative to Bolshe-vism and Soviet power. This was due to several factors. Among other things, it was the fact that the followers of anti-Bolshevism, quite heterogeneous in their political composition, were drowning in their ideological and political struggle and conflicts that took place at all levels of power, so that they failed to ensure the constructive functioning of the regime and establish an effective dialogue with the regional intelligentsia. In turn, the concentration of forces, means and intellectual resources was ensured around the operation of Soviet power, which in turn also provided the victory of the Soviets in the Civil War. civil war northern european russia the intelligentsia intellectual élite ideological and political views public position. History of Civilization History (General) and history of Europe D In Historia provinciae: журнал региональной истории Cherepovets State University, 2019 2(2018), 4, Seite 51-81 (DE-627)1760645257 25878344 nnns volume:2 year:2018 number:4 pages:51-81 https://doi.org/10.23859/2587-8344-2018-2-4-1 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/add4588ab141464baa31f012bf1fa555 kostenfrei http://en.hpchsu.ru/archived-issues/the-journal-of-regional-history-v-2-no-4/the-split-intelligentsia-in-northern-european-russia-in-1918-20/ kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2587-8344 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4392 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 2 2018 4 51-81 |
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10.23859/2587-8344-2018-2-4-1 doi (DE-627)DOAJ006563872 (DE-599)DOAJadd4588ab141464baa31f012bf1fa555 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng rus CB3-482 Flera Sokolova verfasserin aut The Split Intelligentsia in Northern European Russia in 1918–20 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The article reveals the place of the intellectual élite – the intelligentsia – in Northern European Russia and the role it played in the Civil War that took place in the region in 1918-20. The article is based on the analysis of the latest research of Russian and foreign authors and takes into consideration various historical sources. It describes the ideological and political views, social attitudes and behaviour patterns of the intelligentsia which found itself ‘on opposite sides of the barricades’: in the area accountable to Soviet power and on the territories controlled by the anti-Bolshevik forces. It is noted that the Civil War became so bloody and large-scale partly because of participation of the politicized part of the intellectual élite in the war, as it was the intelligentsia that often became leaders and ideologists of various political parties and social movements and formed their social basis. In Northern European Russia, the sharp confrontation as well as ideological and political struggle took place due to the high concentration of anti-Bolshevik forces, mostly people migrating from the other regions, and due to an external factor, particularly presence of the allied forces. Most of the regional intelligentsia, despite their sympathy for anti-Bolshevism, showed their aspiration for cultural and creative activity in the professional field. It is shown that 1918–20 were the years that marked the significant transformation of points of view, attitudes and moods of the intelligentsia towards different political institutions that developed in the region and towards the implemented practices. Under the conditions of such a divided sociocultural space, the intelligentsia of ‘Red’ and ‘White’ North hit on the same idea that at that time there was no alternative to Bolshe-vism and Soviet power. This was due to several factors. Among other things, it was the fact that the followers of anti-Bolshevism, quite heterogeneous in their political composition, were drowning in their ideological and political struggle and conflicts that took place at all levels of power, so that they failed to ensure the constructive functioning of the regime and establish an effective dialogue with the regional intelligentsia. In turn, the concentration of forces, means and intellectual resources was ensured around the operation of Soviet power, which in turn also provided the victory of the Soviets in the Civil War. civil war northern european russia the intelligentsia intellectual élite ideological and political views public position. History of Civilization History (General) and history of Europe D In Historia provinciae: журнал региональной истории Cherepovets State University, 2019 2(2018), 4, Seite 51-81 (DE-627)1760645257 25878344 nnns volume:2 year:2018 number:4 pages:51-81 https://doi.org/10.23859/2587-8344-2018-2-4-1 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/add4588ab141464baa31f012bf1fa555 kostenfrei http://en.hpchsu.ru/archived-issues/the-journal-of-regional-history-v-2-no-4/the-split-intelligentsia-in-northern-european-russia-in-1918-20/ kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2587-8344 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4392 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 2 2018 4 51-81 |
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10.23859/2587-8344-2018-2-4-1 doi (DE-627)DOAJ006563872 (DE-599)DOAJadd4588ab141464baa31f012bf1fa555 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng rus CB3-482 Flera Sokolova verfasserin aut The Split Intelligentsia in Northern European Russia in 1918–20 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The article reveals the place of the intellectual élite – the intelligentsia – in Northern European Russia and the role it played in the Civil War that took place in the region in 1918-20. The article is based on the analysis of the latest research of Russian and foreign authors and takes into consideration various historical sources. It describes the ideological and political views, social attitudes and behaviour patterns of the intelligentsia which found itself ‘on opposite sides of the barricades’: in the area accountable to Soviet power and on the territories controlled by the anti-Bolshevik forces. It is noted that the Civil War became so bloody and large-scale partly because of participation of the politicized part of the intellectual élite in the war, as it was the intelligentsia that often became leaders and ideologists of various political parties and social movements and formed their social basis. In Northern European Russia, the sharp confrontation as well as ideological and political struggle took place due to the high concentration of anti-Bolshevik forces, mostly people migrating from the other regions, and due to an external factor, particularly presence of the allied forces. Most of the regional intelligentsia, despite their sympathy for anti-Bolshevism, showed their aspiration for cultural and creative activity in the professional field. It is shown that 1918–20 were the years that marked the significant transformation of points of view, attitudes and moods of the intelligentsia towards different political institutions that developed in the region and towards the implemented practices. Under the conditions of such a divided sociocultural space, the intelligentsia of ‘Red’ and ‘White’ North hit on the same idea that at that time there was no alternative to Bolshe-vism and Soviet power. This was due to several factors. Among other things, it was the fact that the followers of anti-Bolshevism, quite heterogeneous in their political composition, were drowning in their ideological and political struggle and conflicts that took place at all levels of power, so that they failed to ensure the constructive functioning of the regime and establish an effective dialogue with the regional intelligentsia. In turn, the concentration of forces, means and intellectual resources was ensured around the operation of Soviet power, which in turn also provided the victory of the Soviets in the Civil War. civil war northern european russia the intelligentsia intellectual élite ideological and political views public position. History of Civilization History (General) and history of Europe D In Historia provinciae: журнал региональной истории Cherepovets State University, 2019 2(2018), 4, Seite 51-81 (DE-627)1760645257 25878344 nnns volume:2 year:2018 number:4 pages:51-81 https://doi.org/10.23859/2587-8344-2018-2-4-1 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/add4588ab141464baa31f012bf1fa555 kostenfrei http://en.hpchsu.ru/archived-issues/the-journal-of-regional-history-v-2-no-4/the-split-intelligentsia-in-northern-european-russia-in-1918-20/ kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2587-8344 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4392 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 2 2018 4 51-81 |
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10.23859/2587-8344-2018-2-4-1 doi (DE-627)DOAJ006563872 (DE-599)DOAJadd4588ab141464baa31f012bf1fa555 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng rus CB3-482 Flera Sokolova verfasserin aut The Split Intelligentsia in Northern European Russia in 1918–20 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The article reveals the place of the intellectual élite – the intelligentsia – in Northern European Russia and the role it played in the Civil War that took place in the region in 1918-20. The article is based on the analysis of the latest research of Russian and foreign authors and takes into consideration various historical sources. It describes the ideological and political views, social attitudes and behaviour patterns of the intelligentsia which found itself ‘on opposite sides of the barricades’: in the area accountable to Soviet power and on the territories controlled by the anti-Bolshevik forces. It is noted that the Civil War became so bloody and large-scale partly because of participation of the politicized part of the intellectual élite in the war, as it was the intelligentsia that often became leaders and ideologists of various political parties and social movements and formed their social basis. In Northern European Russia, the sharp confrontation as well as ideological and political struggle took place due to the high concentration of anti-Bolshevik forces, mostly people migrating from the other regions, and due to an external factor, particularly presence of the allied forces. Most of the regional intelligentsia, despite their sympathy for anti-Bolshevism, showed their aspiration for cultural and creative activity in the professional field. It is shown that 1918–20 were the years that marked the significant transformation of points of view, attitudes and moods of the intelligentsia towards different political institutions that developed in the region and towards the implemented practices. Under the conditions of such a divided sociocultural space, the intelligentsia of ‘Red’ and ‘White’ North hit on the same idea that at that time there was no alternative to Bolshe-vism and Soviet power. This was due to several factors. Among other things, it was the fact that the followers of anti-Bolshevism, quite heterogeneous in their political composition, were drowning in their ideological and political struggle and conflicts that took place at all levels of power, so that they failed to ensure the constructive functioning of the regime and establish an effective dialogue with the regional intelligentsia. In turn, the concentration of forces, means and intellectual resources was ensured around the operation of Soviet power, which in turn also provided the victory of the Soviets in the Civil War. civil war northern european russia the intelligentsia intellectual élite ideological and political views public position. History of Civilization History (General) and history of Europe D In Historia provinciae: журнал региональной истории Cherepovets State University, 2019 2(2018), 4, Seite 51-81 (DE-627)1760645257 25878344 nnns volume:2 year:2018 number:4 pages:51-81 https://doi.org/10.23859/2587-8344-2018-2-4-1 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/add4588ab141464baa31f012bf1fa555 kostenfrei http://en.hpchsu.ru/archived-issues/the-journal-of-regional-history-v-2-no-4/the-split-intelligentsia-in-northern-european-russia-in-1918-20/ kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2587-8344 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4392 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 2 2018 4 51-81 |
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The Split Intelligentsia in Northern European Russia in 1918–20 |
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The article reveals the place of the intellectual élite – the intelligentsia – in Northern European Russia and the role it played in the Civil War that took place in the region in 1918-20. The article is based on the analysis of the latest research of Russian and foreign authors and takes into consideration various historical sources. It describes the ideological and political views, social attitudes and behaviour patterns of the intelligentsia which found itself ‘on opposite sides of the barricades’: in the area accountable to Soviet power and on the territories controlled by the anti-Bolshevik forces. It is noted that the Civil War became so bloody and large-scale partly because of participation of the politicized part of the intellectual élite in the war, as it was the intelligentsia that often became leaders and ideologists of various political parties and social movements and formed their social basis. In Northern European Russia, the sharp confrontation as well as ideological and political struggle took place due to the high concentration of anti-Bolshevik forces, mostly people migrating from the other regions, and due to an external factor, particularly presence of the allied forces. Most of the regional intelligentsia, despite their sympathy for anti-Bolshevism, showed their aspiration for cultural and creative activity in the professional field. It is shown that 1918–20 were the years that marked the significant transformation of points of view, attitudes and moods of the intelligentsia towards different political institutions that developed in the region and towards the implemented practices. Under the conditions of such a divided sociocultural space, the intelligentsia of ‘Red’ and ‘White’ North hit on the same idea that at that time there was no alternative to Bolshe-vism and Soviet power. This was due to several factors. Among other things, it was the fact that the followers of anti-Bolshevism, quite heterogeneous in their political composition, were drowning in their ideological and political struggle and conflicts that took place at all levels of power, so that they failed to ensure the constructive functioning of the regime and establish an effective dialogue with the regional intelligentsia. In turn, the concentration of forces, means and intellectual resources was ensured around the operation of Soviet power, which in turn also provided the victory of the Soviets in the Civil War. |
| abstractGer |
The article reveals the place of the intellectual élite – the intelligentsia – in Northern European Russia and the role it played in the Civil War that took place in the region in 1918-20. The article is based on the analysis of the latest research of Russian and foreign authors and takes into consideration various historical sources. It describes the ideological and political views, social attitudes and behaviour patterns of the intelligentsia which found itself ‘on opposite sides of the barricades’: in the area accountable to Soviet power and on the territories controlled by the anti-Bolshevik forces. It is noted that the Civil War became so bloody and large-scale partly because of participation of the politicized part of the intellectual élite in the war, as it was the intelligentsia that often became leaders and ideologists of various political parties and social movements and formed their social basis. In Northern European Russia, the sharp confrontation as well as ideological and political struggle took place due to the high concentration of anti-Bolshevik forces, mostly people migrating from the other regions, and due to an external factor, particularly presence of the allied forces. Most of the regional intelligentsia, despite their sympathy for anti-Bolshevism, showed their aspiration for cultural and creative activity in the professional field. It is shown that 1918–20 were the years that marked the significant transformation of points of view, attitudes and moods of the intelligentsia towards different political institutions that developed in the region and towards the implemented practices. Under the conditions of such a divided sociocultural space, the intelligentsia of ‘Red’ and ‘White’ North hit on the same idea that at that time there was no alternative to Bolshe-vism and Soviet power. This was due to several factors. Among other things, it was the fact that the followers of anti-Bolshevism, quite heterogeneous in their political composition, were drowning in their ideological and political struggle and conflicts that took place at all levels of power, so that they failed to ensure the constructive functioning of the regime and establish an effective dialogue with the regional intelligentsia. In turn, the concentration of forces, means and intellectual resources was ensured around the operation of Soviet power, which in turn also provided the victory of the Soviets in the Civil War. |
| abstract_unstemmed |
The article reveals the place of the intellectual élite – the intelligentsia – in Northern European Russia and the role it played in the Civil War that took place in the region in 1918-20. The article is based on the analysis of the latest research of Russian and foreign authors and takes into consideration various historical sources. It describes the ideological and political views, social attitudes and behaviour patterns of the intelligentsia which found itself ‘on opposite sides of the barricades’: in the area accountable to Soviet power and on the territories controlled by the anti-Bolshevik forces. It is noted that the Civil War became so bloody and large-scale partly because of participation of the politicized part of the intellectual élite in the war, as it was the intelligentsia that often became leaders and ideologists of various political parties and social movements and formed their social basis. In Northern European Russia, the sharp confrontation as well as ideological and political struggle took place due to the high concentration of anti-Bolshevik forces, mostly people migrating from the other regions, and due to an external factor, particularly presence of the allied forces. Most of the regional intelligentsia, despite their sympathy for anti-Bolshevism, showed their aspiration for cultural and creative activity in the professional field. It is shown that 1918–20 were the years that marked the significant transformation of points of view, attitudes and moods of the intelligentsia towards different political institutions that developed in the region and towards the implemented practices. Under the conditions of such a divided sociocultural space, the intelligentsia of ‘Red’ and ‘White’ North hit on the same idea that at that time there was no alternative to Bolshe-vism and Soviet power. This was due to several factors. Among other things, it was the fact that the followers of anti-Bolshevism, quite heterogeneous in their political composition, were drowning in their ideological and political struggle and conflicts that took place at all levels of power, so that they failed to ensure the constructive functioning of the regime and establish an effective dialogue with the regional intelligentsia. In turn, the concentration of forces, means and intellectual resources was ensured around the operation of Soviet power, which in turn also provided the victory of the Soviets in the Civil War. |
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| title_short |
The Split Intelligentsia in Northern European Russia in 1918–20 |
| url |
https://doi.org/10.23859/2587-8344-2018-2-4-1 https://doaj.org/article/add4588ab141464baa31f012bf1fa555 http://en.hpchsu.ru/archived-issues/the-journal-of-regional-history-v-2-no-4/the-split-intelligentsia-in-northern-european-russia-in-1918-20/ https://doaj.org/toc/2587-8344 |
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2024-07-03T21:40:18.579Z |
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