CTLA-4 promotes lymphoma progression through tumor stem cell enrichment and immunosuppression

The recurrence rate of lymphoma is very high, and tumor stem cells may be an important mechanism. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) can inhibit antitumor immunity and promote cancer progression, but its role and mechanism in lymphoma are still unclear. Here we collected lymphoma t...
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Autor*in:	Chen Yan [verfasserIn] Li Meng [verfasserIn] Cao Jian [verfasserIn] Cai Guohong [verfasserIn] Li Xiantao [verfasserIn] Liu Yuejiao [verfasserIn] Chen Wen [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2021

Schlagwörter:	lymphoma ctla-4 regulatory t cell tumor stem cell

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Open Life Sciences - De Gruyter, 2015, 16(2021), 1, Seite 909-919
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:16 ; year:2021 ; number:1 ; pages:909-919

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.1515/biol-2021-0094

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ006724043

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520			\|a The recurrence rate of lymphoma is very high, and tumor stem cells may be an important mechanism. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) can inhibit antitumor immunity and promote cancer progression, but its role and mechanism in lymphoma are still unclear. Here we collected lymphoma tissue and peripheral blood from patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Results showed that CTLA-4 expression and CD44+ cell in the high-risk group were significantly higher than that in the low-risk group. Correlation analysis showed that CTLA-4 expression positively correlated with CD44+ cell in lymphoma tissue and regulatory T (Treg) cells in lymphocytes. In vitro experiment showed that CTLA-4 increased the ratio of lymphoma stem cells, and proliferation and invasion of lymphoma cells through TGF-β pathway. Moreover, CTLA-4 enhanced the proliferation of Treg cells induced by lymphoma cells. Animal experiments showed that CTLA-4 can promote transplanted lymphoma growth. Immunohistochemistry results showed that both Ki-67 and CD44+ cells increased significantly in the CTLA-4 group. TGF-β neutralization can significantly block these effects of CTLA-4. In conclusion, CTLA-4 promoted DLBCL progression through lymphoma stem cell enrichment and immunosuppression.
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allfields	10.1515/biol-2021-0094 doi (DE-627)DOAJ006724043 (DE-599)DOAJ86871cff5db446d0a4029a83abc1aef7 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH301-705.5 Chen Yan verfasserin aut CTLA-4 promotes lymphoma progression through tumor stem cell enrichment and immunosuppression 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The recurrence rate of lymphoma is very high, and tumor stem cells may be an important mechanism. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) can inhibit antitumor immunity and promote cancer progression, but its role and mechanism in lymphoma are still unclear. Here we collected lymphoma tissue and peripheral blood from patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Results showed that CTLA-4 expression and CD44+ cell in the high-risk group were significantly higher than that in the low-risk group. Correlation analysis showed that CTLA-4 expression positively correlated with CD44+ cell in lymphoma tissue and regulatory T (Treg) cells in lymphocytes. In vitro experiment showed that CTLA-4 increased the ratio of lymphoma stem cells, and proliferation and invasion of lymphoma cells through TGF-β pathway. Moreover, CTLA-4 enhanced the proliferation of Treg cells induced by lymphoma cells. Animal experiments showed that CTLA-4 can promote transplanted lymphoma growth. Immunohistochemistry results showed that both Ki-67 and CD44+ cells increased significantly in the CTLA-4 group. TGF-β neutralization can significantly block these effects of CTLA-4. In conclusion, CTLA-4 promoted DLBCL progression through lymphoma stem cell enrichment and immunosuppression. lymphoma ctla-4 regulatory t cell tumor stem cell Biology (General) Li Meng verfasserin aut Cao Jian verfasserin aut Cai Guohong verfasserin aut Li Xiantao verfasserin aut Liu Yuejiao verfasserin aut Chen Wen verfasserin aut In Open Life Sciences De Gruyter, 2015 16(2021), 1, Seite 909-919 (DE-627)823089169 (DE-600)2817958-4 23915412 nnns volume:16 year:2021 number:1 pages:909-919 https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2021-0094 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/86871cff5db446d0a4029a83abc1aef7 kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2021-0094 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2391-5412 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_603 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 16 2021 1 909-919
spelling	10.1515/biol-2021-0094 doi (DE-627)DOAJ006724043 (DE-599)DOAJ86871cff5db446d0a4029a83abc1aef7 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH301-705.5 Chen Yan verfasserin aut CTLA-4 promotes lymphoma progression through tumor stem cell enrichment and immunosuppression 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The recurrence rate of lymphoma is very high, and tumor stem cells may be an important mechanism. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) can inhibit antitumor immunity and promote cancer progression, but its role and mechanism in lymphoma are still unclear. Here we collected lymphoma tissue and peripheral blood from patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Results showed that CTLA-4 expression and CD44+ cell in the high-risk group were significantly higher than that in the low-risk group. Correlation analysis showed that CTLA-4 expression positively correlated with CD44+ cell in lymphoma tissue and regulatory T (Treg) cells in lymphocytes. In vitro experiment showed that CTLA-4 increased the ratio of lymphoma stem cells, and proliferation and invasion of lymphoma cells through TGF-β pathway. Moreover, CTLA-4 enhanced the proliferation of Treg cells induced by lymphoma cells. Animal experiments showed that CTLA-4 can promote transplanted lymphoma growth. Immunohistochemistry results showed that both Ki-67 and CD44+ cells increased significantly in the CTLA-4 group. TGF-β neutralization can significantly block these effects of CTLA-4. In conclusion, CTLA-4 promoted DLBCL progression through lymphoma stem cell enrichment and immunosuppression. lymphoma ctla-4 regulatory t cell tumor stem cell Biology (General) Li Meng verfasserin aut Cao Jian verfasserin aut Cai Guohong verfasserin aut Li Xiantao verfasserin aut Liu Yuejiao verfasserin aut Chen Wen verfasserin aut In Open Life Sciences De Gruyter, 2015 16(2021), 1, Seite 909-919 (DE-627)823089169 (DE-600)2817958-4 23915412 nnns volume:16 year:2021 number:1 pages:909-919 https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2021-0094 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/86871cff5db446d0a4029a83abc1aef7 kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2021-0094 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2391-5412 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_603 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 16 2021 1 909-919
allfields_unstemmed	10.1515/biol-2021-0094 doi (DE-627)DOAJ006724043 (DE-599)DOAJ86871cff5db446d0a4029a83abc1aef7 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH301-705.5 Chen Yan verfasserin aut CTLA-4 promotes lymphoma progression through tumor stem cell enrichment and immunosuppression 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The recurrence rate of lymphoma is very high, and tumor stem cells may be an important mechanism. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) can inhibit antitumor immunity and promote cancer progression, but its role and mechanism in lymphoma are still unclear. Here we collected lymphoma tissue and peripheral blood from patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Results showed that CTLA-4 expression and CD44+ cell in the high-risk group were significantly higher than that in the low-risk group. Correlation analysis showed that CTLA-4 expression positively correlated with CD44+ cell in lymphoma tissue and regulatory T (Treg) cells in lymphocytes. In vitro experiment showed that CTLA-4 increased the ratio of lymphoma stem cells, and proliferation and invasion of lymphoma cells through TGF-β pathway. Moreover, CTLA-4 enhanced the proliferation of Treg cells induced by lymphoma cells. Animal experiments showed that CTLA-4 can promote transplanted lymphoma growth. Immunohistochemistry results showed that both Ki-67 and CD44+ cells increased significantly in the CTLA-4 group. TGF-β neutralization can significantly block these effects of CTLA-4. In conclusion, CTLA-4 promoted DLBCL progression through lymphoma stem cell enrichment and immunosuppression. lymphoma ctla-4 regulatory t cell tumor stem cell Biology (General) Li Meng verfasserin aut Cao Jian verfasserin aut Cai Guohong verfasserin aut Li Xiantao verfasserin aut Liu Yuejiao verfasserin aut Chen Wen verfasserin aut In Open Life Sciences De Gruyter, 2015 16(2021), 1, Seite 909-919 (DE-627)823089169 (DE-600)2817958-4 23915412 nnns volume:16 year:2021 number:1 pages:909-919 https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2021-0094 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/86871cff5db446d0a4029a83abc1aef7 kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2021-0094 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2391-5412 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_603 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 16 2021 1 909-919
allfieldsGer	10.1515/biol-2021-0094 doi (DE-627)DOAJ006724043 (DE-599)DOAJ86871cff5db446d0a4029a83abc1aef7 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH301-705.5 Chen Yan verfasserin aut CTLA-4 promotes lymphoma progression through tumor stem cell enrichment and immunosuppression 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The recurrence rate of lymphoma is very high, and tumor stem cells may be an important mechanism. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) can inhibit antitumor immunity and promote cancer progression, but its role and mechanism in lymphoma are still unclear. Here we collected lymphoma tissue and peripheral blood from patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Results showed that CTLA-4 expression and CD44+ cell in the high-risk group were significantly higher than that in the low-risk group. Correlation analysis showed that CTLA-4 expression positively correlated with CD44+ cell in lymphoma tissue and regulatory T (Treg) cells in lymphocytes. In vitro experiment showed that CTLA-4 increased the ratio of lymphoma stem cells, and proliferation and invasion of lymphoma cells through TGF-β pathway. Moreover, CTLA-4 enhanced the proliferation of Treg cells induced by lymphoma cells. Animal experiments showed that CTLA-4 can promote transplanted lymphoma growth. Immunohistochemistry results showed that both Ki-67 and CD44+ cells increased significantly in the CTLA-4 group. TGF-β neutralization can significantly block these effects of CTLA-4. In conclusion, CTLA-4 promoted DLBCL progression through lymphoma stem cell enrichment and immunosuppression. lymphoma ctla-4 regulatory t cell tumor stem cell Biology (General) Li Meng verfasserin aut Cao Jian verfasserin aut Cai Guohong verfasserin aut Li Xiantao verfasserin aut Liu Yuejiao verfasserin aut Chen Wen verfasserin aut In Open Life Sciences De Gruyter, 2015 16(2021), 1, Seite 909-919 (DE-627)823089169 (DE-600)2817958-4 23915412 nnns volume:16 year:2021 number:1 pages:909-919 https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2021-0094 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/86871cff5db446d0a4029a83abc1aef7 kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2021-0094 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2391-5412 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_603 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 16 2021 1 909-919
allfieldsSound	10.1515/biol-2021-0094 doi (DE-627)DOAJ006724043 (DE-599)DOAJ86871cff5db446d0a4029a83abc1aef7 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH301-705.5 Chen Yan verfasserin aut CTLA-4 promotes lymphoma progression through tumor stem cell enrichment and immunosuppression 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The recurrence rate of lymphoma is very high, and tumor stem cells may be an important mechanism. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) can inhibit antitumor immunity and promote cancer progression, but its role and mechanism in lymphoma are still unclear. Here we collected lymphoma tissue and peripheral blood from patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Results showed that CTLA-4 expression and CD44+ cell in the high-risk group were significantly higher than that in the low-risk group. Correlation analysis showed that CTLA-4 expression positively correlated with CD44+ cell in lymphoma tissue and regulatory T (Treg) cells in lymphocytes. In vitro experiment showed that CTLA-4 increased the ratio of lymphoma stem cells, and proliferation and invasion of lymphoma cells through TGF-β pathway. Moreover, CTLA-4 enhanced the proliferation of Treg cells induced by lymphoma cells. Animal experiments showed that CTLA-4 can promote transplanted lymphoma growth. Immunohistochemistry results showed that both Ki-67 and CD44+ cells increased significantly in the CTLA-4 group. TGF-β neutralization can significantly block these effects of CTLA-4. In conclusion, CTLA-4 promoted DLBCL progression through lymphoma stem cell enrichment and immunosuppression. lymphoma ctla-4 regulatory t cell tumor stem cell Biology (General) Li Meng verfasserin aut Cao Jian verfasserin aut Cai Guohong verfasserin aut Li Xiantao verfasserin aut Liu Yuejiao verfasserin aut Chen Wen verfasserin aut In Open Life Sciences De Gruyter, 2015 16(2021), 1, Seite 909-919 (DE-627)823089169 (DE-600)2817958-4 23915412 nnns volume:16 year:2021 number:1 pages:909-919 https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2021-0094 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/86871cff5db446d0a4029a83abc1aef7 kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2021-0094 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2391-5412 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_603 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 16 2021 1 909-919
language	English
source	In Open Life Sciences 16(2021), 1, Seite 909-919 volume:16 year:2021 number:1 pages:909-919
sourceStr	In Open Life Sciences 16(2021), 1, Seite 909-919 volume:16 year:2021 number:1 pages:909-919
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	lymphoma ctla-4 regulatory t cell tumor stem cell Biology (General)
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container_title	Open Life Sciences
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Chen Yan @@aut@@ Li Meng @@aut@@ Cao Jian @@aut@@ Cai Guohong @@aut@@ Li Xiantao @@aut@@ Liu Yuejiao @@aut@@ Chen Wen @@aut@@
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callnumber-first	Q - Science
author	Chen Yan
spellingShingle	Chen Yan misc QH301-705.5 misc lymphoma misc ctla-4 misc regulatory t cell misc tumor stem cell misc Biology (General) CTLA-4 promotes lymphoma progression through tumor stem cell enrichment and immunosuppression
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topic_title	QH301-705.5 CTLA-4 promotes lymphoma progression through tumor stem cell enrichment and immunosuppression lymphoma ctla-4 regulatory t cell tumor stem cell
topic	misc QH301-705.5 misc lymphoma misc ctla-4 misc regulatory t cell misc tumor stem cell misc Biology (General)
topic_unstemmed	misc QH301-705.5 misc lymphoma misc ctla-4 misc regulatory t cell misc tumor stem cell misc Biology (General)
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title	CTLA-4 promotes lymphoma progression through tumor stem cell enrichment and immunosuppression
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title_full	CTLA-4 promotes lymphoma progression through tumor stem cell enrichment and immunosuppression
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author_browse	Chen Yan Li Meng Cao Jian Cai Guohong Li Xiantao Liu Yuejiao Chen Wen
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title_sort	ctla-4 promotes lymphoma progression through tumor stem cell enrichment and immunosuppression
callnumber	QH301-705.5
title_auth	CTLA-4 promotes lymphoma progression through tumor stem cell enrichment and immunosuppression
abstract	The recurrence rate of lymphoma is very high, and tumor stem cells may be an important mechanism. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) can inhibit antitumor immunity and promote cancer progression, but its role and mechanism in lymphoma are still unclear. Here we collected lymphoma tissue and peripheral blood from patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Results showed that CTLA-4 expression and CD44+ cell in the high-risk group were significantly higher than that in the low-risk group. Correlation analysis showed that CTLA-4 expression positively correlated with CD44+ cell in lymphoma tissue and regulatory T (Treg) cells in lymphocytes. In vitro experiment showed that CTLA-4 increased the ratio of lymphoma stem cells, and proliferation and invasion of lymphoma cells through TGF-β pathway. Moreover, CTLA-4 enhanced the proliferation of Treg cells induced by lymphoma cells. Animal experiments showed that CTLA-4 can promote transplanted lymphoma growth. Immunohistochemistry results showed that both Ki-67 and CD44+ cells increased significantly in the CTLA-4 group. TGF-β neutralization can significantly block these effects of CTLA-4. In conclusion, CTLA-4 promoted DLBCL progression through lymphoma stem cell enrichment and immunosuppression.
abstractGer	The recurrence rate of lymphoma is very high, and tumor stem cells may be an important mechanism. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) can inhibit antitumor immunity and promote cancer progression, but its role and mechanism in lymphoma are still unclear. Here we collected lymphoma tissue and peripheral blood from patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Results showed that CTLA-4 expression and CD44+ cell in the high-risk group were significantly higher than that in the low-risk group. Correlation analysis showed that CTLA-4 expression positively correlated with CD44+ cell in lymphoma tissue and regulatory T (Treg) cells in lymphocytes. In vitro experiment showed that CTLA-4 increased the ratio of lymphoma stem cells, and proliferation and invasion of lymphoma cells through TGF-β pathway. Moreover, CTLA-4 enhanced the proliferation of Treg cells induced by lymphoma cells. Animal experiments showed that CTLA-4 can promote transplanted lymphoma growth. Immunohistochemistry results showed that both Ki-67 and CD44+ cells increased significantly in the CTLA-4 group. TGF-β neutralization can significantly block these effects of CTLA-4. In conclusion, CTLA-4 promoted DLBCL progression through lymphoma stem cell enrichment and immunosuppression.
abstract_unstemmed	The recurrence rate of lymphoma is very high, and tumor stem cells may be an important mechanism. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) can inhibit antitumor immunity and promote cancer progression, but its role and mechanism in lymphoma are still unclear. Here we collected lymphoma tissue and peripheral blood from patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Results showed that CTLA-4 expression and CD44+ cell in the high-risk group were significantly higher than that in the low-risk group. Correlation analysis showed that CTLA-4 expression positively correlated with CD44+ cell in lymphoma tissue and regulatory T (Treg) cells in lymphocytes. In vitro experiment showed that CTLA-4 increased the ratio of lymphoma stem cells, and proliferation and invasion of lymphoma cells through TGF-β pathway. Moreover, CTLA-4 enhanced the proliferation of Treg cells induced by lymphoma cells. Animal experiments showed that CTLA-4 can promote transplanted lymphoma growth. Immunohistochemistry results showed that both Ki-67 and CD44+ cells increased significantly in the CTLA-4 group. TGF-β neutralization can significantly block these effects of CTLA-4. In conclusion, CTLA-4 promoted DLBCL progression through lymphoma stem cell enrichment and immunosuppression.
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title_short	CTLA-4 promotes lymphoma progression through tumor stem cell enrichment and immunosuppression
url	https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2021-0094 https://doaj.org/article/86871cff5db446d0a4029a83abc1aef7 https://doaj.org/toc/2391-5412
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