Association between dietary theobromine with depression: a population-based study

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study is to investigate the possible link between dietary theobromine intake and symptoms of depression. Materials and methods These results are based on the responses of 3637 people who took part in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2017–...
Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Xin-yu Li [verfasserIn] Hui Liu [verfasserIn] Lu-yu Zhang [verfasserIn] Xi-tao Yang [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2022

Schlagwörter:	Depression Theobromine NHANES

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: BMC Psychiatry - BMC, 2003, 22(2022), 1, Seite 10
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:22 ; year:2022 ; number:1 ; pages:10

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.1186/s12888-022-04415-y

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ006749038

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520			\|a Abstract Objective The purpose of this study is to investigate the possible link between dietary theobromine intake and symptoms of depression. Materials and methods These results are based on the responses of 3637 people who took part in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2017–2018. Participants' daily theobromine intake was determined using a 24-h food questionnaire from the 2017–2018 cycle. Presence of depression was defined as a score of 5 or above on the Patient Health Questionnaire. Association between theobromine intake and depression was examined using a multivariate logistic regression adjusting for several relevant sociodemographic, lifestyle and health-related factors. Results A total of 6903 participants were included in the study. The results of multivariate logistic regression showed a correlation between depressive symptoms and theobromine intake (OR:1.17, 95%CI:1.02–1.34). Conclusions Our cross-sectional population based study suggests that increased theobromine intake is associated with increased risk for depression. Nevertheless, more investigations are needed to confirm our findings.
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allfields	10.1186/s12888-022-04415-y doi (DE-627)DOAJ006749038 (DE-599)DOAJa2208f35cfdd42aa802642bae131474c DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RC435-571 Xin-yu Li verfasserin aut Association between dietary theobromine with depression: a population-based study 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Objective The purpose of this study is to investigate the possible link between dietary theobromine intake and symptoms of depression. Materials and methods These results are based on the responses of 3637 people who took part in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2017–2018. Participants' daily theobromine intake was determined using a 24-h food questionnaire from the 2017–2018 cycle. Presence of depression was defined as a score of 5 or above on the Patient Health Questionnaire. Association between theobromine intake and depression was examined using a multivariate logistic regression adjusting for several relevant sociodemographic, lifestyle and health-related factors. Results A total of 6903 participants were included in the study. The results of multivariate logistic regression showed a correlation between depressive symptoms and theobromine intake (OR:1.17, 95%CI:1.02–1.34). Conclusions Our cross-sectional population based study suggests that increased theobromine intake is associated with increased risk for depression. Nevertheless, more investigations are needed to confirm our findings. Depression Theobromine NHANES Psychiatry Hui Liu verfasserin aut Lu-yu Zhang verfasserin aut Xi-tao Yang verfasserin aut In BMC Psychiatry BMC, 2003 22(2022), 1, Seite 10 (DE-627)331018799 (DE-600)2050438-X 1471244X nnns volume:22 year:2022 number:1 pages:10 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-022-04415-y kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/a2208f35cfdd42aa802642bae131474c kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-022-04415-y kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1471-244X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 22 2022 1 10
spelling	10.1186/s12888-022-04415-y doi (DE-627)DOAJ006749038 (DE-599)DOAJa2208f35cfdd42aa802642bae131474c DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RC435-571 Xin-yu Li verfasserin aut Association between dietary theobromine with depression: a population-based study 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Objective The purpose of this study is to investigate the possible link between dietary theobromine intake and symptoms of depression. Materials and methods These results are based on the responses of 3637 people who took part in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2017–2018. Participants' daily theobromine intake was determined using a 24-h food questionnaire from the 2017–2018 cycle. Presence of depression was defined as a score of 5 or above on the Patient Health Questionnaire. Association between theobromine intake and depression was examined using a multivariate logistic regression adjusting for several relevant sociodemographic, lifestyle and health-related factors. Results A total of 6903 participants were included in the study. The results of multivariate logistic regression showed a correlation between depressive symptoms and theobromine intake (OR:1.17, 95%CI:1.02–1.34). Conclusions Our cross-sectional population based study suggests that increased theobromine intake is associated with increased risk for depression. Nevertheless, more investigations are needed to confirm our findings. Depression Theobromine NHANES Psychiatry Hui Liu verfasserin aut Lu-yu Zhang verfasserin aut Xi-tao Yang verfasserin aut In BMC Psychiatry BMC, 2003 22(2022), 1, Seite 10 (DE-627)331018799 (DE-600)2050438-X 1471244X nnns volume:22 year:2022 number:1 pages:10 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-022-04415-y kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/a2208f35cfdd42aa802642bae131474c kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-022-04415-y kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1471-244X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 22 2022 1 10
allfields_unstemmed	10.1186/s12888-022-04415-y doi (DE-627)DOAJ006749038 (DE-599)DOAJa2208f35cfdd42aa802642bae131474c DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RC435-571 Xin-yu Li verfasserin aut Association between dietary theobromine with depression: a population-based study 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Objective The purpose of this study is to investigate the possible link between dietary theobromine intake and symptoms of depression. Materials and methods These results are based on the responses of 3637 people who took part in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2017–2018. Participants' daily theobromine intake was determined using a 24-h food questionnaire from the 2017–2018 cycle. Presence of depression was defined as a score of 5 or above on the Patient Health Questionnaire. Association between theobromine intake and depression was examined using a multivariate logistic regression adjusting for several relevant sociodemographic, lifestyle and health-related factors. Results A total of 6903 participants were included in the study. The results of multivariate logistic regression showed a correlation between depressive symptoms and theobromine intake (OR:1.17, 95%CI:1.02–1.34). Conclusions Our cross-sectional population based study suggests that increased theobromine intake is associated with increased risk for depression. Nevertheless, more investigations are needed to confirm our findings. Depression Theobromine NHANES Psychiatry Hui Liu verfasserin aut Lu-yu Zhang verfasserin aut Xi-tao Yang verfasserin aut In BMC Psychiatry BMC, 2003 22(2022), 1, Seite 10 (DE-627)331018799 (DE-600)2050438-X 1471244X nnns volume:22 year:2022 number:1 pages:10 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-022-04415-y kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/a2208f35cfdd42aa802642bae131474c kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-022-04415-y kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1471-244X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 22 2022 1 10
allfieldsGer	10.1186/s12888-022-04415-y doi (DE-627)DOAJ006749038 (DE-599)DOAJa2208f35cfdd42aa802642bae131474c DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RC435-571 Xin-yu Li verfasserin aut Association between dietary theobromine with depression: a population-based study 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Objective The purpose of this study is to investigate the possible link between dietary theobromine intake and symptoms of depression. Materials and methods These results are based on the responses of 3637 people who took part in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2017–2018. Participants' daily theobromine intake was determined using a 24-h food questionnaire from the 2017–2018 cycle. Presence of depression was defined as a score of 5 or above on the Patient Health Questionnaire. Association between theobromine intake and depression was examined using a multivariate logistic regression adjusting for several relevant sociodemographic, lifestyle and health-related factors. Results A total of 6903 participants were included in the study. The results of multivariate logistic regression showed a correlation between depressive symptoms and theobromine intake (OR:1.17, 95%CI:1.02–1.34). Conclusions Our cross-sectional population based study suggests that increased theobromine intake is associated with increased risk for depression. Nevertheless, more investigations are needed to confirm our findings. Depression Theobromine NHANES Psychiatry Hui Liu verfasserin aut Lu-yu Zhang verfasserin aut Xi-tao Yang verfasserin aut In BMC Psychiatry BMC, 2003 22(2022), 1, Seite 10 (DE-627)331018799 (DE-600)2050438-X 1471244X nnns volume:22 year:2022 number:1 pages:10 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-022-04415-y kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/a2208f35cfdd42aa802642bae131474c kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-022-04415-y kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1471-244X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 22 2022 1 10
allfieldsSound	10.1186/s12888-022-04415-y doi (DE-627)DOAJ006749038 (DE-599)DOAJa2208f35cfdd42aa802642bae131474c DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RC435-571 Xin-yu Li verfasserin aut Association between dietary theobromine with depression: a population-based study 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Objective The purpose of this study is to investigate the possible link between dietary theobromine intake and symptoms of depression. Materials and methods These results are based on the responses of 3637 people who took part in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2017–2018. Participants' daily theobromine intake was determined using a 24-h food questionnaire from the 2017–2018 cycle. Presence of depression was defined as a score of 5 or above on the Patient Health Questionnaire. Association between theobromine intake and depression was examined using a multivariate logistic regression adjusting for several relevant sociodemographic, lifestyle and health-related factors. Results A total of 6903 participants were included in the study. The results of multivariate logistic regression showed a correlation between depressive symptoms and theobromine intake (OR:1.17, 95%CI:1.02–1.34). Conclusions Our cross-sectional population based study suggests that increased theobromine intake is associated with increased risk for depression. Nevertheless, more investigations are needed to confirm our findings. Depression Theobromine NHANES Psychiatry Hui Liu verfasserin aut Lu-yu Zhang verfasserin aut Xi-tao Yang verfasserin aut In BMC Psychiatry BMC, 2003 22(2022), 1, Seite 10 (DE-627)331018799 (DE-600)2050438-X 1471244X nnns volume:22 year:2022 number:1 pages:10 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-022-04415-y kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/a2208f35cfdd42aa802642bae131474c kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-022-04415-y kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1471-244X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 22 2022 1 10
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callnumber-first	R - Medicine
author	Xin-yu Li
spellingShingle	Xin-yu Li misc RC435-571 misc Depression misc Theobromine misc NHANES misc Psychiatry Association between dietary theobromine with depression: a population-based study
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topic_title	RC435-571 Association between dietary theobromine with depression: a population-based study Depression Theobromine NHANES
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title	Association between dietary theobromine with depression: a population-based study
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title_full	Association between dietary theobromine with depression: a population-based study
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title_sort	association between dietary theobromine with depression: a population-based study
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title_auth	Association between dietary theobromine with depression: a population-based study
abstract	Abstract Objective The purpose of this study is to investigate the possible link between dietary theobromine intake and symptoms of depression. Materials and methods These results are based on the responses of 3637 people who took part in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2017–2018. Participants' daily theobromine intake was determined using a 24-h food questionnaire from the 2017–2018 cycle. Presence of depression was defined as a score of 5 or above on the Patient Health Questionnaire. Association between theobromine intake and depression was examined using a multivariate logistic regression adjusting for several relevant sociodemographic, lifestyle and health-related factors. Results A total of 6903 participants were included in the study. The results of multivariate logistic regression showed a correlation between depressive symptoms and theobromine intake (OR:1.17, 95%CI:1.02–1.34). Conclusions Our cross-sectional population based study suggests that increased theobromine intake is associated with increased risk for depression. Nevertheless, more investigations are needed to confirm our findings.
abstractGer	Abstract Objective The purpose of this study is to investigate the possible link between dietary theobromine intake and symptoms of depression. Materials and methods These results are based on the responses of 3637 people who took part in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2017–2018. Participants' daily theobromine intake was determined using a 24-h food questionnaire from the 2017–2018 cycle. Presence of depression was defined as a score of 5 or above on the Patient Health Questionnaire. Association between theobromine intake and depression was examined using a multivariate logistic regression adjusting for several relevant sociodemographic, lifestyle and health-related factors. Results A total of 6903 participants were included in the study. The results of multivariate logistic regression showed a correlation between depressive symptoms and theobromine intake (OR:1.17, 95%CI:1.02–1.34). Conclusions Our cross-sectional population based study suggests that increased theobromine intake is associated with increased risk for depression. Nevertheless, more investigations are needed to confirm our findings.
abstract_unstemmed	Abstract Objective The purpose of this study is to investigate the possible link between dietary theobromine intake and symptoms of depression. Materials and methods These results are based on the responses of 3637 people who took part in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2017–2018. Participants' daily theobromine intake was determined using a 24-h food questionnaire from the 2017–2018 cycle. Presence of depression was defined as a score of 5 or above on the Patient Health Questionnaire. Association between theobromine intake and depression was examined using a multivariate logistic regression adjusting for several relevant sociodemographic, lifestyle and health-related factors. Results A total of 6903 participants were included in the study. The results of multivariate logistic regression showed a correlation between depressive symptoms and theobromine intake (OR:1.17, 95%CI:1.02–1.34). Conclusions Our cross-sectional population based study suggests that increased theobromine intake is associated with increased risk for depression. Nevertheless, more investigations are needed to confirm our findings.
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title_short	Association between dietary theobromine with depression: a population-based study
url	https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-022-04415-y https://doaj.org/article/a2208f35cfdd42aa802642bae131474c https://doaj.org/toc/1471-244X
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up_date	2024-07-03T22:42:13.266Z
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Materials and methods These results are based on the responses of 3637 people who took part in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2017–2018. Participants' daily theobromine intake was determined using a 24-h food questionnaire from the 2017–2018 cycle. Presence of depression was defined as a score of 5 or above on the Patient Health Questionnaire. Association between theobromine intake and depression was examined using a multivariate logistic regression adjusting for several relevant sociodemographic, lifestyle and health-related factors. Results A total of 6903 participants were included in the study. The results of multivariate logistic regression showed a correlation between depressive symptoms and theobromine intake (OR:1.17, 95%CI:1.02–1.34). Conclusions Our cross-sectional population based study suggests that increased theobromine intake is associated with increased risk for depression. 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Association between dietary theobromine with depression: a population-based study

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