A Novel Benthic Phage Infecting <i<Shewanella</i< with Strong Replication Ability

The coastal sediments were considered to contain diverse phages playing important roles in driving biogeochemical cycles based on genetic analysis. However, till now, benthic phages in coastal sediments were very rarely isolated, which largely limits our understanding of their biological characteris...
Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Zengmeng Wang [verfasserIn] Jiulong Zhao [verfasserIn] Long Wang [verfasserIn] Chengcheng Li [verfasserIn] Jianhui Liu [verfasserIn] Lihua Zhang [verfasserIn] Yongyu Zhang [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2019

Schlagwörter:	coastal sediments benthic phage phage genome phylogenetic analysis

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Viruses - MDPI AG, 2009, 11(2019), 11, p 1081
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:11 ; year:2019 ; number:11, p 1081

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/v11111081

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ00692400X

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allfields	10.3390/v11111081 doi (DE-627)DOAJ00692400X (DE-599)DOAJd232c31fcb1a48f4a594e42cc1270588 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QR1-502 Zengmeng Wang verfasserin aut A Novel Benthic Phage Infecting <i<Shewanella</i< with Strong Replication Ability 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The coastal sediments were considered to contain diverse phages playing important roles in driving biogeochemical cycles based on genetic analysis. However, till now, benthic phages in coastal sediments were very rarely isolated, which largely limits our understanding of their biological characteristics. Here, we describe a novel lytic phage (named <i<Shewanella</i< phage S0112) isolated from the coastal sediments of the Yellow Sea infecting a sediment bacterium of the genus <i<Shewanella</i<. The phage has a very high replication capability, with the burst size of ca. 1170 phage particles per infected cell, which is 5−10 times higher than that of most phages isolated before. Meanwhile, the latent period of this phage is relatively longer, which might ensure adequate time for phage replication. The phage has a double-stranded DNA genome comprising 62,286 bp with 102 ORFs, ca. 60% of which are functionally unknown. The expression products of 16 ORF genes, mainly structural proteins, were identified by LC-MS/MS analysis. Besides the general DNA metabolism and structure assembly genes in the phage genome, there is a cluster of auxiliary metabolic genes that may be involved in 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine (preQ<sub<0</sub<) biosynthesis. Meanwhile, a pyrophosphohydrolase (MazG) gene being considered as a regulator of programmed cell death or involving in host stringer responses is inserted in this gene cluster. Comparative genomic and phylogenetic analysis both revealed a great novelty of phage S0112. This study represents the first report of a benthic phage infecting <i<Shewanella</i<, which also sheds light on the phage−host interactions in coastal sediments. coastal sediments benthic phage <i<shewanella</i< phage genome phylogenetic analysis Microbiology Jiulong Zhao verfasserin aut Long Wang verfasserin aut Chengcheng Li verfasserin aut Jianhui Liu verfasserin aut Lihua Zhang verfasserin aut Yongyu Zhang verfasserin aut In Viruses MDPI AG, 2009 11(2019), 11, p 1081 (DE-627)609775871 (DE-600)2516098-9 19994915 nnns volume:11 year:2019 number:11, p 1081 https://doi.org/10.3390/v11111081 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/d232c31fcb1a48f4a594e42cc1270588 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/11/11/1081 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2019 11, p 1081
spelling	10.3390/v11111081 doi (DE-627)DOAJ00692400X (DE-599)DOAJd232c31fcb1a48f4a594e42cc1270588 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QR1-502 Zengmeng Wang verfasserin aut A Novel Benthic Phage Infecting <i<Shewanella</i< with Strong Replication Ability 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The coastal sediments were considered to contain diverse phages playing important roles in driving biogeochemical cycles based on genetic analysis. However, till now, benthic phages in coastal sediments were very rarely isolated, which largely limits our understanding of their biological characteristics. Here, we describe a novel lytic phage (named <i<Shewanella</i< phage S0112) isolated from the coastal sediments of the Yellow Sea infecting a sediment bacterium of the genus <i<Shewanella</i<. The phage has a very high replication capability, with the burst size of ca. 1170 phage particles per infected cell, which is 5−10 times higher than that of most phages isolated before. Meanwhile, the latent period of this phage is relatively longer, which might ensure adequate time for phage replication. The phage has a double-stranded DNA genome comprising 62,286 bp with 102 ORFs, ca. 60% of which are functionally unknown. The expression products of 16 ORF genes, mainly structural proteins, were identified by LC-MS/MS analysis. Besides the general DNA metabolism and structure assembly genes in the phage genome, there is a cluster of auxiliary metabolic genes that may be involved in 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine (preQ<sub<0</sub<) biosynthesis. Meanwhile, a pyrophosphohydrolase (MazG) gene being considered as a regulator of programmed cell death or involving in host stringer responses is inserted in this gene cluster. Comparative genomic and phylogenetic analysis both revealed a great novelty of phage S0112. This study represents the first report of a benthic phage infecting <i<Shewanella</i<, which also sheds light on the phage−host interactions in coastal sediments. coastal sediments benthic phage <i<shewanella</i< phage genome phylogenetic analysis Microbiology Jiulong Zhao verfasserin aut Long Wang verfasserin aut Chengcheng Li verfasserin aut Jianhui Liu verfasserin aut Lihua Zhang verfasserin aut Yongyu Zhang verfasserin aut In Viruses MDPI AG, 2009 11(2019), 11, p 1081 (DE-627)609775871 (DE-600)2516098-9 19994915 nnns volume:11 year:2019 number:11, p 1081 https://doi.org/10.3390/v11111081 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/d232c31fcb1a48f4a594e42cc1270588 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/11/11/1081 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2019 11, p 1081
allfields_unstemmed	10.3390/v11111081 doi (DE-627)DOAJ00692400X (DE-599)DOAJd232c31fcb1a48f4a594e42cc1270588 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QR1-502 Zengmeng Wang verfasserin aut A Novel Benthic Phage Infecting <i<Shewanella</i< with Strong Replication Ability 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The coastal sediments were considered to contain diverse phages playing important roles in driving biogeochemical cycles based on genetic analysis. However, till now, benthic phages in coastal sediments were very rarely isolated, which largely limits our understanding of their biological characteristics. Here, we describe a novel lytic phage (named <i<Shewanella</i< phage S0112) isolated from the coastal sediments of the Yellow Sea infecting a sediment bacterium of the genus <i<Shewanella</i<. The phage has a very high replication capability, with the burst size of ca. 1170 phage particles per infected cell, which is 5−10 times higher than that of most phages isolated before. Meanwhile, the latent period of this phage is relatively longer, which might ensure adequate time for phage replication. The phage has a double-stranded DNA genome comprising 62,286 bp with 102 ORFs, ca. 60% of which are functionally unknown. The expression products of 16 ORF genes, mainly structural proteins, were identified by LC-MS/MS analysis. Besides the general DNA metabolism and structure assembly genes in the phage genome, there is a cluster of auxiliary metabolic genes that may be involved in 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine (preQ<sub<0</sub<) biosynthesis. Meanwhile, a pyrophosphohydrolase (MazG) gene being considered as a regulator of programmed cell death or involving in host stringer responses is inserted in this gene cluster. Comparative genomic and phylogenetic analysis both revealed a great novelty of phage S0112. This study represents the first report of a benthic phage infecting <i<Shewanella</i<, which also sheds light on the phage−host interactions in coastal sediments. coastal sediments benthic phage <i<shewanella</i< phage genome phylogenetic analysis Microbiology Jiulong Zhao verfasserin aut Long Wang verfasserin aut Chengcheng Li verfasserin aut Jianhui Liu verfasserin aut Lihua Zhang verfasserin aut Yongyu Zhang verfasserin aut In Viruses MDPI AG, 2009 11(2019), 11, p 1081 (DE-627)609775871 (DE-600)2516098-9 19994915 nnns volume:11 year:2019 number:11, p 1081 https://doi.org/10.3390/v11111081 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/d232c31fcb1a48f4a594e42cc1270588 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/11/11/1081 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2019 11, p 1081
allfieldsGer	10.3390/v11111081 doi (DE-627)DOAJ00692400X (DE-599)DOAJd232c31fcb1a48f4a594e42cc1270588 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QR1-502 Zengmeng Wang verfasserin aut A Novel Benthic Phage Infecting <i<Shewanella</i< with Strong Replication Ability 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The coastal sediments were considered to contain diverse phages playing important roles in driving biogeochemical cycles based on genetic analysis. However, till now, benthic phages in coastal sediments were very rarely isolated, which largely limits our understanding of their biological characteristics. Here, we describe a novel lytic phage (named <i<Shewanella</i< phage S0112) isolated from the coastal sediments of the Yellow Sea infecting a sediment bacterium of the genus <i<Shewanella</i<. The phage has a very high replication capability, with the burst size of ca. 1170 phage particles per infected cell, which is 5−10 times higher than that of most phages isolated before. Meanwhile, the latent period of this phage is relatively longer, which might ensure adequate time for phage replication. The phage has a double-stranded DNA genome comprising 62,286 bp with 102 ORFs, ca. 60% of which are functionally unknown. The expression products of 16 ORF genes, mainly structural proteins, were identified by LC-MS/MS analysis. Besides the general DNA metabolism and structure assembly genes in the phage genome, there is a cluster of auxiliary metabolic genes that may be involved in 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine (preQ<sub<0</sub<) biosynthesis. Meanwhile, a pyrophosphohydrolase (MazG) gene being considered as a regulator of programmed cell death or involving in host stringer responses is inserted in this gene cluster. Comparative genomic and phylogenetic analysis both revealed a great novelty of phage S0112. This study represents the first report of a benthic phage infecting <i<Shewanella</i<, which also sheds light on the phage−host interactions in coastal sediments. coastal sediments benthic phage <i<shewanella</i< phage genome phylogenetic analysis Microbiology Jiulong Zhao verfasserin aut Long Wang verfasserin aut Chengcheng Li verfasserin aut Jianhui Liu verfasserin aut Lihua Zhang verfasserin aut Yongyu Zhang verfasserin aut In Viruses MDPI AG, 2009 11(2019), 11, p 1081 (DE-627)609775871 (DE-600)2516098-9 19994915 nnns volume:11 year:2019 number:11, p 1081 https://doi.org/10.3390/v11111081 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/d232c31fcb1a48f4a594e42cc1270588 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/11/11/1081 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2019 11, p 1081
allfieldsSound	10.3390/v11111081 doi (DE-627)DOAJ00692400X (DE-599)DOAJd232c31fcb1a48f4a594e42cc1270588 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QR1-502 Zengmeng Wang verfasserin aut A Novel Benthic Phage Infecting <i<Shewanella</i< with Strong Replication Ability 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The coastal sediments were considered to contain diverse phages playing important roles in driving biogeochemical cycles based on genetic analysis. However, till now, benthic phages in coastal sediments were very rarely isolated, which largely limits our understanding of their biological characteristics. Here, we describe a novel lytic phage (named <i<Shewanella</i< phage S0112) isolated from the coastal sediments of the Yellow Sea infecting a sediment bacterium of the genus <i<Shewanella</i<. The phage has a very high replication capability, with the burst size of ca. 1170 phage particles per infected cell, which is 5−10 times higher than that of most phages isolated before. Meanwhile, the latent period of this phage is relatively longer, which might ensure adequate time for phage replication. The phage has a double-stranded DNA genome comprising 62,286 bp with 102 ORFs, ca. 60% of which are functionally unknown. The expression products of 16 ORF genes, mainly structural proteins, were identified by LC-MS/MS analysis. Besides the general DNA metabolism and structure assembly genes in the phage genome, there is a cluster of auxiliary metabolic genes that may be involved in 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine (preQ<sub<0</sub<) biosynthesis. Meanwhile, a pyrophosphohydrolase (MazG) gene being considered as a regulator of programmed cell death or involving in host stringer responses is inserted in this gene cluster. Comparative genomic and phylogenetic analysis both revealed a great novelty of phage S0112. This study represents the first report of a benthic phage infecting <i<Shewanella</i<, which also sheds light on the phage−host interactions in coastal sediments. coastal sediments benthic phage <i<shewanella</i< phage genome phylogenetic analysis Microbiology Jiulong Zhao verfasserin aut Long Wang verfasserin aut Chengcheng Li verfasserin aut Jianhui Liu verfasserin aut Lihua Zhang verfasserin aut Yongyu Zhang verfasserin aut In Viruses MDPI AG, 2009 11(2019), 11, p 1081 (DE-627)609775871 (DE-600)2516098-9 19994915 nnns volume:11 year:2019 number:11, p 1081 https://doi.org/10.3390/v11111081 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/d232c31fcb1a48f4a594e42cc1270588 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/11/11/1081 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2019 11, p 1081
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author	Zengmeng Wang
spellingShingle	Zengmeng Wang misc QR1-502 misc coastal sediments misc benthic phage misc <i<shewanella</i< misc phage genome misc phylogenetic analysis misc Microbiology A Novel Benthic Phage Infecting <i<Shewanella</i< with Strong Replication Ability
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topic_title	QR1-502 A Novel Benthic Phage Infecting <i<Shewanella</i< with Strong Replication Ability coastal sediments benthic phage <i<shewanella</i< phage genome phylogenetic analysis
topic	misc QR1-502 misc coastal sediments misc benthic phage misc <i<shewanella</i< misc phage genome misc phylogenetic analysis misc Microbiology
topic_unstemmed	misc QR1-502 misc coastal sediments misc benthic phage misc <i<shewanella</i< misc phage genome misc phylogenetic analysis misc Microbiology
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title_auth	A Novel Benthic Phage Infecting <i<Shewanella</i< with Strong Replication Ability
abstract	The coastal sediments were considered to contain diverse phages playing important roles in driving biogeochemical cycles based on genetic analysis. However, till now, benthic phages in coastal sediments were very rarely isolated, which largely limits our understanding of their biological characteristics. Here, we describe a novel lytic phage (named <i<Shewanella</i< phage S0112) isolated from the coastal sediments of the Yellow Sea infecting a sediment bacterium of the genus <i<Shewanella</i<. The phage has a very high replication capability, with the burst size of ca. 1170 phage particles per infected cell, which is 5−10 times higher than that of most phages isolated before. Meanwhile, the latent period of this phage is relatively longer, which might ensure adequate time for phage replication. The phage has a double-stranded DNA genome comprising 62,286 bp with 102 ORFs, ca. 60% of which are functionally unknown. The expression products of 16 ORF genes, mainly structural proteins, were identified by LC-MS/MS analysis. Besides the general DNA metabolism and structure assembly genes in the phage genome, there is a cluster of auxiliary metabolic genes that may be involved in 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine (preQ<sub<0</sub<) biosynthesis. Meanwhile, a pyrophosphohydrolase (MazG) gene being considered as a regulator of programmed cell death or involving in host stringer responses is inserted in this gene cluster. Comparative genomic and phylogenetic analysis both revealed a great novelty of phage S0112. This study represents the first report of a benthic phage infecting <i<Shewanella</i<, which also sheds light on the phage−host interactions in coastal sediments.
abstractGer	The coastal sediments were considered to contain diverse phages playing important roles in driving biogeochemical cycles based on genetic analysis. However, till now, benthic phages in coastal sediments were very rarely isolated, which largely limits our understanding of their biological characteristics. Here, we describe a novel lytic phage (named <i<Shewanella</i< phage S0112) isolated from the coastal sediments of the Yellow Sea infecting a sediment bacterium of the genus <i<Shewanella</i<. The phage has a very high replication capability, with the burst size of ca. 1170 phage particles per infected cell, which is 5−10 times higher than that of most phages isolated before. Meanwhile, the latent period of this phage is relatively longer, which might ensure adequate time for phage replication. The phage has a double-stranded DNA genome comprising 62,286 bp with 102 ORFs, ca. 60% of which are functionally unknown. The expression products of 16 ORF genes, mainly structural proteins, were identified by LC-MS/MS analysis. Besides the general DNA metabolism and structure assembly genes in the phage genome, there is a cluster of auxiliary metabolic genes that may be involved in 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine (preQ<sub<0</sub<) biosynthesis. Meanwhile, a pyrophosphohydrolase (MazG) gene being considered as a regulator of programmed cell death or involving in host stringer responses is inserted in this gene cluster. Comparative genomic and phylogenetic analysis both revealed a great novelty of phage S0112. This study represents the first report of a benthic phage infecting <i<Shewanella</i<, which also sheds light on the phage−host interactions in coastal sediments.
abstract_unstemmed	The coastal sediments were considered to contain diverse phages playing important roles in driving biogeochemical cycles based on genetic analysis. However, till now, benthic phages in coastal sediments were very rarely isolated, which largely limits our understanding of their biological characteristics. Here, we describe a novel lytic phage (named <i<Shewanella</i< phage S0112) isolated from the coastal sediments of the Yellow Sea infecting a sediment bacterium of the genus <i<Shewanella</i<. The phage has a very high replication capability, with the burst size of ca. 1170 phage particles per infected cell, which is 5−10 times higher than that of most phages isolated before. Meanwhile, the latent period of this phage is relatively longer, which might ensure adequate time for phage replication. The phage has a double-stranded DNA genome comprising 62,286 bp with 102 ORFs, ca. 60% of which are functionally unknown. The expression products of 16 ORF genes, mainly structural proteins, were identified by LC-MS/MS analysis. Besides the general DNA metabolism and structure assembly genes in the phage genome, there is a cluster of auxiliary metabolic genes that may be involved in 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine (preQ<sub<0</sub<) biosynthesis. Meanwhile, a pyrophosphohydrolase (MazG) gene being considered as a regulator of programmed cell death or involving in host stringer responses is inserted in this gene cluster. Comparative genomic and phylogenetic analysis both revealed a great novelty of phage S0112. This study represents the first report of a benthic phage infecting <i<Shewanella</i<, which also sheds light on the phage−host interactions in coastal sediments.
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title_short	A Novel Benthic Phage Infecting <i<Shewanella</i< with Strong Replication Ability
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However, till now, benthic phages in coastal sediments were very rarely isolated, which largely limits our understanding of their biological characteristics. Here, we describe a novel lytic phage (named <i<Shewanella</i< phage S0112) isolated from the coastal sediments of the Yellow Sea infecting a sediment bacterium of the genus <i<Shewanella</i<. The phage has a very high replication capability, with the burst size of ca. 1170 phage particles per infected cell, which is 5−10 times higher than that of most phages isolated before. Meanwhile, the latent period of this phage is relatively longer, which might ensure adequate time for phage replication. The phage has a double-stranded DNA genome comprising 62,286 bp with 102 ORFs, ca. 60% of which are functionally unknown. The expression products of 16 ORF genes, mainly structural proteins, were identified by LC-MS/MS analysis. Besides the general DNA metabolism and structure assembly genes in the phage genome, there is a cluster of auxiliary metabolic genes that may be involved in 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine (preQ<sub<0</sub<) biosynthesis. Meanwhile, a pyrophosphohydrolase (MazG) gene being considered as a regulator of programmed cell death or involving in host stringer responses is inserted in this gene cluster. Comparative genomic and phylogenetic analysis both revealed a great novelty of phage S0112. 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A Novel Benthic Phage Infecting <i<Shewanella</i< with Strong Replication Ability

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