Effect of Haemoglobin and Iron Status of the Antenatal Mothers on their Newborns at Birth: A Cross-sectional Study
Introduction: Iron deficiency (ID) anaemia in pregnant mothers can affect the iron reserves of their newborns and lead to anaemia later. The haematological indices and iron status of pregnant women and its correlation with their neonates is still unclear. Aim: To assess the correlation between mate...
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| Autor*in: |
Hemachitra Jagannathan [verfasserIn] Arunkumar Ramachandran [verfasserIn] Vijaya Subramanian [verfasserIn] Aravind Shanmugam [verfasserIn] Karthick Rajendran [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2022 |
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In: Indian Journal of Neonatal Medicine and Research - JCDR Research and Publications Pvt. Ltd., 2016, 10(2022), 4, Seite PO11-PO15 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:10 ; year:2022 ; number:4 ; pages:PO11-PO15 |
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Link aufrufen |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.7860/IJNMR/2022/57853.2360 |
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| Katalog-ID: |
DOAJ007809417 |
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| 520 | |a Introduction: Iron deficiency (ID) anaemia in pregnant mothers can affect the iron reserves of their newborns and lead to anaemia later. The haematological indices and iron status of pregnant women and its correlation with their neonates is still unclear. Aim: To assess the correlation between maternal and cord blood Hb and iron status. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study included 134 antenatal mothers, at term gestation without any significant antenatal complications. Complete haemogram, serum iron, ferritin, and iron binding capacity were assessed for these mothers before delivery and also from the cord blood samples of their newborns at birth. Statistical difference and correlation were observed using Chi-square test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: Maternal anaemia Hb <11 gm/dL) was observed in 62 (46.3%). The mean Hb and ferritin of the mothers were 11.06±1.02 gm/dL and 113.3±7.1 μg/L, respectively. The mean Hb and ferritin levels of the cord blood samples were 12.24±0.17 gm/dL and 214.3±20.1 μg/L, respectively. In univariate analysis, maternal Hb showed a significant correlation with cord blood Hb with Odds Ratio (OR) 0.508 and 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.428-0.603. The Pearson’s correlation showed a moderate correlation between mother and cord blood Packed Cell Volume (PCV) (r=0.344, p<0.001) and weak correlation between other maternal and cord blood iron indices and serum ferritin (r=0.191, p=0.027 and r=0.203, p=0.019). Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between maternal and cord blood Hb in term neonates. The study indicates that the haematological indices of pregnant women determine the neonatal Hb in term babies. | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a anaemia | |
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10.7860/IJNMR/2022/57853.2360 doi (DE-627)DOAJ007809417 (DE-599)DOAJfb48144c0b3e434fabfa2ec89077edaa DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RJ1-570 Hemachitra Jagannathan verfasserin aut Effect of Haemoglobin and Iron Status of the Antenatal Mothers on their Newborns at Birth: A Cross-sectional Study 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Introduction: Iron deficiency (ID) anaemia in pregnant mothers can affect the iron reserves of their newborns and lead to anaemia later. The haematological indices and iron status of pregnant women and its correlation with their neonates is still unclear. Aim: To assess the correlation between maternal and cord blood Hb and iron status. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study included 134 antenatal mothers, at term gestation without any significant antenatal complications. Complete haemogram, serum iron, ferritin, and iron binding capacity were assessed for these mothers before delivery and also from the cord blood samples of their newborns at birth. Statistical difference and correlation were observed using Chi-square test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: Maternal anaemia Hb <11 gm/dL) was observed in 62 (46.3%). The mean Hb and ferritin of the mothers were 11.06±1.02 gm/dL and 113.3±7.1 μg/L, respectively. The mean Hb and ferritin levels of the cord blood samples were 12.24±0.17 gm/dL and 214.3±20.1 μg/L, respectively. In univariate analysis, maternal Hb showed a significant correlation with cord blood Hb with Odds Ratio (OR) 0.508 and 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.428-0.603. The Pearson’s correlation showed a moderate correlation between mother and cord blood Packed Cell Volume (PCV) (r=0.344, p<0.001) and weak correlation between other maternal and cord blood iron indices and serum ferritin (r=0.191, p=0.027 and r=0.203, p=0.019). Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between maternal and cord blood Hb in term neonates. The study indicates that the haematological indices of pregnant women determine the neonatal Hb in term babies. anaemia cord blood maternal anaemia neonatal anaemia Medicine R Pediatrics Arunkumar Ramachandran verfasserin aut Vijaya Subramanian verfasserin aut Aravind Shanmugam verfasserin aut Karthick Rajendran verfasserin aut In Indian Journal of Neonatal Medicine and Research JCDR Research and Publications Pvt. Ltd., 2016 10(2022), 4, Seite PO11-PO15 (DE-627)1760609102 24556890 nnns volume:10 year:2022 number:4 pages:PO11-PO15 https://doi.org/10.7860/IJNMR/2022/57853.2360 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/fb48144c0b3e434fabfa2ec89077edaa kostenfrei https://ijnmr.net/article_fulltext.aspx?issn=0973-709x&year=2022&month=October&volume=10&issue=4&page=PO11%20-%20PO15&id=2360 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2277-8527 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2455-6890 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA AR 10 2022 4 PO11-PO15 |
| spelling |
10.7860/IJNMR/2022/57853.2360 doi (DE-627)DOAJ007809417 (DE-599)DOAJfb48144c0b3e434fabfa2ec89077edaa DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RJ1-570 Hemachitra Jagannathan verfasserin aut Effect of Haemoglobin and Iron Status of the Antenatal Mothers on their Newborns at Birth: A Cross-sectional Study 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Introduction: Iron deficiency (ID) anaemia in pregnant mothers can affect the iron reserves of their newborns and lead to anaemia later. The haematological indices and iron status of pregnant women and its correlation with their neonates is still unclear. Aim: To assess the correlation between maternal and cord blood Hb and iron status. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study included 134 antenatal mothers, at term gestation without any significant antenatal complications. Complete haemogram, serum iron, ferritin, and iron binding capacity were assessed for these mothers before delivery and also from the cord blood samples of their newborns at birth. Statistical difference and correlation were observed using Chi-square test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: Maternal anaemia Hb <11 gm/dL) was observed in 62 (46.3%). The mean Hb and ferritin of the mothers were 11.06±1.02 gm/dL and 113.3±7.1 μg/L, respectively. The mean Hb and ferritin levels of the cord blood samples were 12.24±0.17 gm/dL and 214.3±20.1 μg/L, respectively. In univariate analysis, maternal Hb showed a significant correlation with cord blood Hb with Odds Ratio (OR) 0.508 and 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.428-0.603. The Pearson’s correlation showed a moderate correlation between mother and cord blood Packed Cell Volume (PCV) (r=0.344, p<0.001) and weak correlation between other maternal and cord blood iron indices and serum ferritin (r=0.191, p=0.027 and r=0.203, p=0.019). Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between maternal and cord blood Hb in term neonates. The study indicates that the haematological indices of pregnant women determine the neonatal Hb in term babies. anaemia cord blood maternal anaemia neonatal anaemia Medicine R Pediatrics Arunkumar Ramachandran verfasserin aut Vijaya Subramanian verfasserin aut Aravind Shanmugam verfasserin aut Karthick Rajendran verfasserin aut In Indian Journal of Neonatal Medicine and Research JCDR Research and Publications Pvt. Ltd., 2016 10(2022), 4, Seite PO11-PO15 (DE-627)1760609102 24556890 nnns volume:10 year:2022 number:4 pages:PO11-PO15 https://doi.org/10.7860/IJNMR/2022/57853.2360 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/fb48144c0b3e434fabfa2ec89077edaa kostenfrei https://ijnmr.net/article_fulltext.aspx?issn=0973-709x&year=2022&month=October&volume=10&issue=4&page=PO11%20-%20PO15&id=2360 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2277-8527 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2455-6890 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA AR 10 2022 4 PO11-PO15 |
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10.7860/IJNMR/2022/57853.2360 doi (DE-627)DOAJ007809417 (DE-599)DOAJfb48144c0b3e434fabfa2ec89077edaa DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RJ1-570 Hemachitra Jagannathan verfasserin aut Effect of Haemoglobin and Iron Status of the Antenatal Mothers on their Newborns at Birth: A Cross-sectional Study 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Introduction: Iron deficiency (ID) anaemia in pregnant mothers can affect the iron reserves of their newborns and lead to anaemia later. The haematological indices and iron status of pregnant women and its correlation with their neonates is still unclear. Aim: To assess the correlation between maternal and cord blood Hb and iron status. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study included 134 antenatal mothers, at term gestation without any significant antenatal complications. Complete haemogram, serum iron, ferritin, and iron binding capacity were assessed for these mothers before delivery and also from the cord blood samples of their newborns at birth. Statistical difference and correlation were observed using Chi-square test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: Maternal anaemia Hb <11 gm/dL) was observed in 62 (46.3%). The mean Hb and ferritin of the mothers were 11.06±1.02 gm/dL and 113.3±7.1 μg/L, respectively. The mean Hb and ferritin levels of the cord blood samples were 12.24±0.17 gm/dL and 214.3±20.1 μg/L, respectively. In univariate analysis, maternal Hb showed a significant correlation with cord blood Hb with Odds Ratio (OR) 0.508 and 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.428-0.603. The Pearson’s correlation showed a moderate correlation between mother and cord blood Packed Cell Volume (PCV) (r=0.344, p<0.001) and weak correlation between other maternal and cord blood iron indices and serum ferritin (r=0.191, p=0.027 and r=0.203, p=0.019). Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between maternal and cord blood Hb in term neonates. The study indicates that the haematological indices of pregnant women determine the neonatal Hb in term babies. anaemia cord blood maternal anaemia neonatal anaemia Medicine R Pediatrics Arunkumar Ramachandran verfasserin aut Vijaya Subramanian verfasserin aut Aravind Shanmugam verfasserin aut Karthick Rajendran verfasserin aut In Indian Journal of Neonatal Medicine and Research JCDR Research and Publications Pvt. Ltd., 2016 10(2022), 4, Seite PO11-PO15 (DE-627)1760609102 24556890 nnns volume:10 year:2022 number:4 pages:PO11-PO15 https://doi.org/10.7860/IJNMR/2022/57853.2360 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/fb48144c0b3e434fabfa2ec89077edaa kostenfrei https://ijnmr.net/article_fulltext.aspx?issn=0973-709x&year=2022&month=October&volume=10&issue=4&page=PO11%20-%20PO15&id=2360 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2277-8527 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2455-6890 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA AR 10 2022 4 PO11-PO15 |
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10.7860/IJNMR/2022/57853.2360 doi (DE-627)DOAJ007809417 (DE-599)DOAJfb48144c0b3e434fabfa2ec89077edaa DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RJ1-570 Hemachitra Jagannathan verfasserin aut Effect of Haemoglobin and Iron Status of the Antenatal Mothers on their Newborns at Birth: A Cross-sectional Study 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Introduction: Iron deficiency (ID) anaemia in pregnant mothers can affect the iron reserves of their newborns and lead to anaemia later. The haematological indices and iron status of pregnant women and its correlation with their neonates is still unclear. Aim: To assess the correlation between maternal and cord blood Hb and iron status. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study included 134 antenatal mothers, at term gestation without any significant antenatal complications. Complete haemogram, serum iron, ferritin, and iron binding capacity were assessed for these mothers before delivery and also from the cord blood samples of their newborns at birth. Statistical difference and correlation were observed using Chi-square test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: Maternal anaemia Hb <11 gm/dL) was observed in 62 (46.3%). The mean Hb and ferritin of the mothers were 11.06±1.02 gm/dL and 113.3±7.1 μg/L, respectively. The mean Hb and ferritin levels of the cord blood samples were 12.24±0.17 gm/dL and 214.3±20.1 μg/L, respectively. In univariate analysis, maternal Hb showed a significant correlation with cord blood Hb with Odds Ratio (OR) 0.508 and 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.428-0.603. The Pearson’s correlation showed a moderate correlation between mother and cord blood Packed Cell Volume (PCV) (r=0.344, p<0.001) and weak correlation between other maternal and cord blood iron indices and serum ferritin (r=0.191, p=0.027 and r=0.203, p=0.019). Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between maternal and cord blood Hb in term neonates. The study indicates that the haematological indices of pregnant women determine the neonatal Hb in term babies. anaemia cord blood maternal anaemia neonatal anaemia Medicine R Pediatrics Arunkumar Ramachandran verfasserin aut Vijaya Subramanian verfasserin aut Aravind Shanmugam verfasserin aut Karthick Rajendran verfasserin aut In Indian Journal of Neonatal Medicine and Research JCDR Research and Publications Pvt. Ltd., 2016 10(2022), 4, Seite PO11-PO15 (DE-627)1760609102 24556890 nnns volume:10 year:2022 number:4 pages:PO11-PO15 https://doi.org/10.7860/IJNMR/2022/57853.2360 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/fb48144c0b3e434fabfa2ec89077edaa kostenfrei https://ijnmr.net/article_fulltext.aspx?issn=0973-709x&year=2022&month=October&volume=10&issue=4&page=PO11%20-%20PO15&id=2360 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2277-8527 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2455-6890 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA AR 10 2022 4 PO11-PO15 |
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10.7860/IJNMR/2022/57853.2360 doi (DE-627)DOAJ007809417 (DE-599)DOAJfb48144c0b3e434fabfa2ec89077edaa DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RJ1-570 Hemachitra Jagannathan verfasserin aut Effect of Haemoglobin and Iron Status of the Antenatal Mothers on their Newborns at Birth: A Cross-sectional Study 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Introduction: Iron deficiency (ID) anaemia in pregnant mothers can affect the iron reserves of their newborns and lead to anaemia later. The haematological indices and iron status of pregnant women and its correlation with their neonates is still unclear. Aim: To assess the correlation between maternal and cord blood Hb and iron status. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study included 134 antenatal mothers, at term gestation without any significant antenatal complications. Complete haemogram, serum iron, ferritin, and iron binding capacity were assessed for these mothers before delivery and also from the cord blood samples of their newborns at birth. Statistical difference and correlation were observed using Chi-square test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: Maternal anaemia Hb <11 gm/dL) was observed in 62 (46.3%). The mean Hb and ferritin of the mothers were 11.06±1.02 gm/dL and 113.3±7.1 μg/L, respectively. The mean Hb and ferritin levels of the cord blood samples were 12.24±0.17 gm/dL and 214.3±20.1 μg/L, respectively. In univariate analysis, maternal Hb showed a significant correlation with cord blood Hb with Odds Ratio (OR) 0.508 and 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.428-0.603. The Pearson’s correlation showed a moderate correlation between mother and cord blood Packed Cell Volume (PCV) (r=0.344, p<0.001) and weak correlation between other maternal and cord blood iron indices and serum ferritin (r=0.191, p=0.027 and r=0.203, p=0.019). Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between maternal and cord blood Hb in term neonates. The study indicates that the haematological indices of pregnant women determine the neonatal Hb in term babies. anaemia cord blood maternal anaemia neonatal anaemia Medicine R Pediatrics Arunkumar Ramachandran verfasserin aut Vijaya Subramanian verfasserin aut Aravind Shanmugam verfasserin aut Karthick Rajendran verfasserin aut In Indian Journal of Neonatal Medicine and Research JCDR Research and Publications Pvt. Ltd., 2016 10(2022), 4, Seite PO11-PO15 (DE-627)1760609102 24556890 nnns volume:10 year:2022 number:4 pages:PO11-PO15 https://doi.org/10.7860/IJNMR/2022/57853.2360 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/fb48144c0b3e434fabfa2ec89077edaa kostenfrei https://ijnmr.net/article_fulltext.aspx?issn=0973-709x&year=2022&month=October&volume=10&issue=4&page=PO11%20-%20PO15&id=2360 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2277-8527 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2455-6890 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA AR 10 2022 4 PO11-PO15 |
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The haematological indices and iron status of pregnant women and its correlation with their neonates is still unclear. Aim: To assess the correlation between maternal and cord blood Hb and iron status. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study included 134 antenatal mothers, at term gestation without any significant antenatal complications. Complete haemogram, serum iron, ferritin, and iron binding capacity were assessed for these mothers before delivery and also from the cord blood samples of their newborns at birth. Statistical difference and correlation were observed using Chi-square test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: Maternal anaemia Hb <11 gm/dL) was observed in 62 (46.3%). The mean Hb and ferritin of the mothers were 11.06±1.02 gm/dL and 113.3±7.1 μg/L, respectively. The mean Hb and ferritin levels of the cord blood samples were 12.24±0.17 gm/dL and 214.3±20.1 μg/L, respectively. In univariate analysis, maternal Hb showed a significant correlation with cord blood Hb with Odds Ratio (OR) 0.508 and 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.428-0.603. The Pearson’s correlation showed a moderate correlation between mother and cord blood Packed Cell Volume (PCV) (r=0.344, p<0.001) and weak correlation between other maternal and cord blood iron indices and serum ferritin (r=0.191, p=0.027 and r=0.203, p=0.019). Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between maternal and cord blood Hb in term neonates. 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effect of haemoglobin and iron status of the antenatal mothers on their newborns at birth: a cross-sectional study |
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Effect of Haemoglobin and Iron Status of the Antenatal Mothers on their Newborns at Birth: A Cross-sectional Study |
| abstract |
Introduction: Iron deficiency (ID) anaemia in pregnant mothers can affect the iron reserves of their newborns and lead to anaemia later. The haematological indices and iron status of pregnant women and its correlation with their neonates is still unclear. Aim: To assess the correlation between maternal and cord blood Hb and iron status. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study included 134 antenatal mothers, at term gestation without any significant antenatal complications. Complete haemogram, serum iron, ferritin, and iron binding capacity were assessed for these mothers before delivery and also from the cord blood samples of their newborns at birth. Statistical difference and correlation were observed using Chi-square test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: Maternal anaemia Hb <11 gm/dL) was observed in 62 (46.3%). The mean Hb and ferritin of the mothers were 11.06±1.02 gm/dL and 113.3±7.1 μg/L, respectively. The mean Hb and ferritin levels of the cord blood samples were 12.24±0.17 gm/dL and 214.3±20.1 μg/L, respectively. In univariate analysis, maternal Hb showed a significant correlation with cord blood Hb with Odds Ratio (OR) 0.508 and 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.428-0.603. The Pearson’s correlation showed a moderate correlation between mother and cord blood Packed Cell Volume (PCV) (r=0.344, p<0.001) and weak correlation between other maternal and cord blood iron indices and serum ferritin (r=0.191, p=0.027 and r=0.203, p=0.019). Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between maternal and cord blood Hb in term neonates. The study indicates that the haematological indices of pregnant women determine the neonatal Hb in term babies. |
| abstractGer |
Introduction: Iron deficiency (ID) anaemia in pregnant mothers can affect the iron reserves of their newborns and lead to anaemia later. The haematological indices and iron status of pregnant women and its correlation with their neonates is still unclear. Aim: To assess the correlation between maternal and cord blood Hb and iron status. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study included 134 antenatal mothers, at term gestation without any significant antenatal complications. Complete haemogram, serum iron, ferritin, and iron binding capacity were assessed for these mothers before delivery and also from the cord blood samples of their newborns at birth. Statistical difference and correlation were observed using Chi-square test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: Maternal anaemia Hb <11 gm/dL) was observed in 62 (46.3%). The mean Hb and ferritin of the mothers were 11.06±1.02 gm/dL and 113.3±7.1 μg/L, respectively. The mean Hb and ferritin levels of the cord blood samples were 12.24±0.17 gm/dL and 214.3±20.1 μg/L, respectively. In univariate analysis, maternal Hb showed a significant correlation with cord blood Hb with Odds Ratio (OR) 0.508 and 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.428-0.603. The Pearson’s correlation showed a moderate correlation between mother and cord blood Packed Cell Volume (PCV) (r=0.344, p<0.001) and weak correlation between other maternal and cord blood iron indices and serum ferritin (r=0.191, p=0.027 and r=0.203, p=0.019). Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between maternal and cord blood Hb in term neonates. The study indicates that the haematological indices of pregnant women determine the neonatal Hb in term babies. |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Introduction: Iron deficiency (ID) anaemia in pregnant mothers can affect the iron reserves of their newborns and lead to anaemia later. The haematological indices and iron status of pregnant women and its correlation with their neonates is still unclear. Aim: To assess the correlation between maternal and cord blood Hb and iron status. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study included 134 antenatal mothers, at term gestation without any significant antenatal complications. Complete haemogram, serum iron, ferritin, and iron binding capacity were assessed for these mothers before delivery and also from the cord blood samples of their newborns at birth. Statistical difference and correlation were observed using Chi-square test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: Maternal anaemia Hb <11 gm/dL) was observed in 62 (46.3%). The mean Hb and ferritin of the mothers were 11.06±1.02 gm/dL and 113.3±7.1 μg/L, respectively. The mean Hb and ferritin levels of the cord blood samples were 12.24±0.17 gm/dL and 214.3±20.1 μg/L, respectively. In univariate analysis, maternal Hb showed a significant correlation with cord blood Hb with Odds Ratio (OR) 0.508 and 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.428-0.603. The Pearson’s correlation showed a moderate correlation between mother and cord blood Packed Cell Volume (PCV) (r=0.344, p<0.001) and weak correlation between other maternal and cord blood iron indices and serum ferritin (r=0.191, p=0.027 and r=0.203, p=0.019). Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between maternal and cord blood Hb in term neonates. The study indicates that the haematological indices of pregnant women determine the neonatal Hb in term babies. |
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