A Full Level-of-Detail Specification for 3D Building Models Combining Indoor and Outdoor Scenes

The level of detail (LoD) concept in CityGML (City Geography Markup Language), which indicates how closely the model mirrors its real-world counterpart, has been accepted and applied widely in various applications, including the 3D modeling of buildings. However, with an increasing number of human a...
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Autor*in:	Lei Tang [verfasserIn] Lin Li [verfasserIn] Shen Ying [verfasserIn] Yuan Lei [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2018

Schlagwörter:	level of detail CityGML IFC IndoorGML 3D building model indoor outdoor

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information - MDPI AG, 2012, 7(2018), 11, p 419
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:7 ; year:2018 ; number:11, p 419

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/ijgi7110419

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ009624627

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allfields	10.3390/ijgi7110419 doi (DE-627)DOAJ009624627 (DE-599)DOAJ6f43ec5a28c04ae9b1369c8aefbe5e6d DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng G1-922 Lei Tang verfasserin aut A Full Level-of-Detail Specification for 3D Building Models Combining Indoor and Outdoor Scenes 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The level of detail (LoD) concept in CityGML (City Geography Markup Language), which indicates how closely the model mirrors its real-world counterpart, has been accepted and applied widely in various applications, including the 3D modeling of buildings. However, with an increasing number of human activities occurring in the indoor environment, the standardized LoD definition appears to be insufficient because of its narrow classifications for interior features, which can be presented only in LoD4. In view of this drawback, an extended indoor LoD (ILoD) specification is proposed, particularly for indoor spaces, allowing the existing LoD to become a more precise outdoor LoD (OLoD) by exploiting the advantages of two other international standards: Industry foundation classes (IFC) and IndoorGML. In this paper, the interior space is divided into distinct systems of three semantic aspects (structure, connectivity, and volume); the approach can be considered the guiding ideology to define the detailed indoor levels following a concrete theoretical realization based on extending the UML diagram of CityGML’s building model. Moreover, a continuous and seamless full LoD (FLoD) set obtained by combining various OLoDs and ILoDs is subsequently listed to realize the full specification for 3D building models. Furthermore, to demonstrate the proposed specification and prove the applicability of the building model at different LoDs, a practical experiment is conducted. level of detail CityGML IFC IndoorGML 3D building model indoor outdoor Geography (General) Lin Li verfasserin aut Shen Ying verfasserin aut Yuan Lei verfasserin aut In ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information MDPI AG, 2012 7(2018), 11, p 419 (DE-627)689130961 (DE-600)2655790-3 22209964 nnns volume:7 year:2018 number:11, p 419 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7110419 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/6f43ec5a28c04ae9b1369c8aefbe5e6d kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/7/11/419 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2220-9964 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4392 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 7 2018 11, p 419
spelling	10.3390/ijgi7110419 doi (DE-627)DOAJ009624627 (DE-599)DOAJ6f43ec5a28c04ae9b1369c8aefbe5e6d DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng G1-922 Lei Tang verfasserin aut A Full Level-of-Detail Specification for 3D Building Models Combining Indoor and Outdoor Scenes 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The level of detail (LoD) concept in CityGML (City Geography Markup Language), which indicates how closely the model mirrors its real-world counterpart, has been accepted and applied widely in various applications, including the 3D modeling of buildings. However, with an increasing number of human activities occurring in the indoor environment, the standardized LoD definition appears to be insufficient because of its narrow classifications for interior features, which can be presented only in LoD4. In view of this drawback, an extended indoor LoD (ILoD) specification is proposed, particularly for indoor spaces, allowing the existing LoD to become a more precise outdoor LoD (OLoD) by exploiting the advantages of two other international standards: Industry foundation classes (IFC) and IndoorGML. In this paper, the interior space is divided into distinct systems of three semantic aspects (structure, connectivity, and volume); the approach can be considered the guiding ideology to define the detailed indoor levels following a concrete theoretical realization based on extending the UML diagram of CityGML’s building model. Moreover, a continuous and seamless full LoD (FLoD) set obtained by combining various OLoDs and ILoDs is subsequently listed to realize the full specification for 3D building models. Furthermore, to demonstrate the proposed specification and prove the applicability of the building model at different LoDs, a practical experiment is conducted. level of detail CityGML IFC IndoorGML 3D building model indoor outdoor Geography (General) Lin Li verfasserin aut Shen Ying verfasserin aut Yuan Lei verfasserin aut In ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information MDPI AG, 2012 7(2018), 11, p 419 (DE-627)689130961 (DE-600)2655790-3 22209964 nnns volume:7 year:2018 number:11, p 419 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7110419 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/6f43ec5a28c04ae9b1369c8aefbe5e6d kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/7/11/419 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2220-9964 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4392 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 7 2018 11, p 419
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callnumber-first	G - Geography, Anthropology, Recreation
author	Lei Tang
spellingShingle	Lei Tang misc G1-922 misc level of detail misc CityGML misc IFC misc IndoorGML misc 3D building model misc indoor misc outdoor misc Geography (General) A Full Level-of-Detail Specification for 3D Building Models Combining Indoor and Outdoor Scenes
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topic	misc G1-922 misc level of detail misc CityGML misc IFC misc IndoorGML misc 3D building model misc indoor misc outdoor misc Geography (General)
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title	A Full Level-of-Detail Specification for 3D Building Models Combining Indoor and Outdoor Scenes
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title_auth	A Full Level-of-Detail Specification for 3D Building Models Combining Indoor and Outdoor Scenes
abstract	The level of detail (LoD) concept in CityGML (City Geography Markup Language), which indicates how closely the model mirrors its real-world counterpart, has been accepted and applied widely in various applications, including the 3D modeling of buildings. However, with an increasing number of human activities occurring in the indoor environment, the standardized LoD definition appears to be insufficient because of its narrow classifications for interior features, which can be presented only in LoD4. In view of this drawback, an extended indoor LoD (ILoD) specification is proposed, particularly for indoor spaces, allowing the existing LoD to become a more precise outdoor LoD (OLoD) by exploiting the advantages of two other international standards: Industry foundation classes (IFC) and IndoorGML. In this paper, the interior space is divided into distinct systems of three semantic aspects (structure, connectivity, and volume); the approach can be considered the guiding ideology to define the detailed indoor levels following a concrete theoretical realization based on extending the UML diagram of CityGML’s building model. Moreover, a continuous and seamless full LoD (FLoD) set obtained by combining various OLoDs and ILoDs is subsequently listed to realize the full specification for 3D building models. Furthermore, to demonstrate the proposed specification and prove the applicability of the building model at different LoDs, a practical experiment is conducted.
abstractGer	The level of detail (LoD) concept in CityGML (City Geography Markup Language), which indicates how closely the model mirrors its real-world counterpart, has been accepted and applied widely in various applications, including the 3D modeling of buildings. However, with an increasing number of human activities occurring in the indoor environment, the standardized LoD definition appears to be insufficient because of its narrow classifications for interior features, which can be presented only in LoD4. In view of this drawback, an extended indoor LoD (ILoD) specification is proposed, particularly for indoor spaces, allowing the existing LoD to become a more precise outdoor LoD (OLoD) by exploiting the advantages of two other international standards: Industry foundation classes (IFC) and IndoorGML. In this paper, the interior space is divided into distinct systems of three semantic aspects (structure, connectivity, and volume); the approach can be considered the guiding ideology to define the detailed indoor levels following a concrete theoretical realization based on extending the UML diagram of CityGML’s building model. Moreover, a continuous and seamless full LoD (FLoD) set obtained by combining various OLoDs and ILoDs is subsequently listed to realize the full specification for 3D building models. Furthermore, to demonstrate the proposed specification and prove the applicability of the building model at different LoDs, a practical experiment is conducted.
abstract_unstemmed	The level of detail (LoD) concept in CityGML (City Geography Markup Language), which indicates how closely the model mirrors its real-world counterpart, has been accepted and applied widely in various applications, including the 3D modeling of buildings. However, with an increasing number of human activities occurring in the indoor environment, the standardized LoD definition appears to be insufficient because of its narrow classifications for interior features, which can be presented only in LoD4. In view of this drawback, an extended indoor LoD (ILoD) specification is proposed, particularly for indoor spaces, allowing the existing LoD to become a more precise outdoor LoD (OLoD) by exploiting the advantages of two other international standards: Industry foundation classes (IFC) and IndoorGML. In this paper, the interior space is divided into distinct systems of three semantic aspects (structure, connectivity, and volume); the approach can be considered the guiding ideology to define the detailed indoor levels following a concrete theoretical realization based on extending the UML diagram of CityGML’s building model. Moreover, a continuous and seamless full LoD (FLoD) set obtained by combining various OLoDs and ILoDs is subsequently listed to realize the full specification for 3D building models. Furthermore, to demonstrate the proposed specification and prove the applicability of the building model at different LoDs, a practical experiment is conducted.
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title_short	A Full Level-of-Detail Specification for 3D Building Models Combining Indoor and Outdoor Scenes
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