Executive Function After Prenatal Alcohol Exposure in Children in a South African Population: Cross-sectional Study
BackgroundAlcohol is a teratogen; its consumption during pregnancy can lead to negative birth outcomes, collectively referred to as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Neurodevelopmental delays in higher-order cognitive functions that affect development of executive functions are a common feature. Stu...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Jacobus Gidion Louw [verfasserIn] Alastair van Heerden [verfasserIn] Leana Olivier [verfasserIn] Tersius Lambrechts [verfasserIn] Mandi Broodryk [verfasserIn] Liska Bunge [verfasserIn] Martlé Vosloo [verfasserIn] Mark Tomlinson [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2021 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
In: JMIR Formative Research - JMIR Publications, 2019, 5(2021), 7, p e20658 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:5 ; year:2021 ; number:7, p e20658 |
| Links: |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.2196/20658 |
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| Katalog-ID: |
DOAJ010134336 |
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| 520 | |a BackgroundAlcohol is a teratogen; its consumption during pregnancy can lead to negative birth outcomes, collectively referred to as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Neurodevelopmental delays in higher-order cognitive functions that affect development of executive functions are a common feature. Studies on executive function in children have focused on children diagnosed with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, and there is a lack of information on the impact on children not diagnosed with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder but who had been exposed to alcohol. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare the development of executive function in children between 4 and 6 years of age with and without prenatal exposure to alcohol. MethodsChildren both exposed and not exposed to alcohol were recruited as part of a feasibility RCT evaluating a computer-based cognitive training program for improving executive function development. The study was conducted in a low–socioeconomic status community in South Africa with a high prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Neurodevelopment was assessed in participating children; NEPSY-II standardized scores for executive function domains were compared using a multivariate analysis of variance with group membership as the predictor variable. ResultsNo significant differences in executive functions assessments (P=.39) were found between children in the alcohol-exposed group (n=76) and those in the nonexposed group (n=40). Both groups showed moderate to severe delays in domains. In all but one subtest, the average score for both groups was below the 25th percentile of expected norms. ConclusionsWe expected that alcohol exposure would have a measurable impact on executive function development. The lack of differences highlights the prevalence of developmental delays in low–socioeconomic status communities in South Africa and suggests that children are exposed to various threats to cognitive development. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)RR2-10.2196/14489 | ||
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10.2196/20658 doi (DE-627)DOAJ010134336 (DE-599)DOAJa9126c329d5f47728dffe9b96215c506 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Jacobus Gidion Louw verfasserin aut Executive Function After Prenatal Alcohol Exposure in Children in a South African Population: Cross-sectional Study 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier BackgroundAlcohol is a teratogen; its consumption during pregnancy can lead to negative birth outcomes, collectively referred to as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Neurodevelopmental delays in higher-order cognitive functions that affect development of executive functions are a common feature. Studies on executive function in children have focused on children diagnosed with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, and there is a lack of information on the impact on children not diagnosed with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder but who had been exposed to alcohol. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare the development of executive function in children between 4 and 6 years of age with and without prenatal exposure to alcohol. MethodsChildren both exposed and not exposed to alcohol were recruited as part of a feasibility RCT evaluating a computer-based cognitive training program for improving executive function development. The study was conducted in a low–socioeconomic status community in South Africa with a high prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Neurodevelopment was assessed in participating children; NEPSY-II standardized scores for executive function domains were compared using a multivariate analysis of variance with group membership as the predictor variable. ResultsNo significant differences in executive functions assessments (P=.39) were found between children in the alcohol-exposed group (n=76) and those in the nonexposed group (n=40). Both groups showed moderate to severe delays in domains. In all but one subtest, the average score for both groups was below the 25th percentile of expected norms. ConclusionsWe expected that alcohol exposure would have a measurable impact on executive function development. The lack of differences highlights the prevalence of developmental delays in low–socioeconomic status communities in South Africa and suggests that children are exposed to various threats to cognitive development. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)RR2-10.2196/14489 Medicine R Alastair van Heerden verfasserin aut Leana Olivier verfasserin aut Tersius Lambrechts verfasserin aut Mandi Broodryk verfasserin aut Liska Bunge verfasserin aut Martlé Vosloo verfasserin aut Mark Tomlinson verfasserin aut In JMIR Formative Research JMIR Publications, 2019 5(2021), 7, p e20658 (DE-627)1030386161 2561326X nnns volume:5 year:2021 number:7, p e20658 https://doi.org/10.2196/20658 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/a9126c329d5f47728dffe9b96215c506 kostenfrei https://formative.jmir.org/2021/7/e20658 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2561-326X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 5 2021 7, p e20658 |
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10.2196/20658 doi (DE-627)DOAJ010134336 (DE-599)DOAJa9126c329d5f47728dffe9b96215c506 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Jacobus Gidion Louw verfasserin aut Executive Function After Prenatal Alcohol Exposure in Children in a South African Population: Cross-sectional Study 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier BackgroundAlcohol is a teratogen; its consumption during pregnancy can lead to negative birth outcomes, collectively referred to as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Neurodevelopmental delays in higher-order cognitive functions that affect development of executive functions are a common feature. Studies on executive function in children have focused on children diagnosed with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, and there is a lack of information on the impact on children not diagnosed with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder but who had been exposed to alcohol. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare the development of executive function in children between 4 and 6 years of age with and without prenatal exposure to alcohol. MethodsChildren both exposed and not exposed to alcohol were recruited as part of a feasibility RCT evaluating a computer-based cognitive training program for improving executive function development. The study was conducted in a low–socioeconomic status community in South Africa with a high prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Neurodevelopment was assessed in participating children; NEPSY-II standardized scores for executive function domains were compared using a multivariate analysis of variance with group membership as the predictor variable. ResultsNo significant differences in executive functions assessments (P=.39) were found between children in the alcohol-exposed group (n=76) and those in the nonexposed group (n=40). Both groups showed moderate to severe delays in domains. In all but one subtest, the average score for both groups was below the 25th percentile of expected norms. ConclusionsWe expected that alcohol exposure would have a measurable impact on executive function development. The lack of differences highlights the prevalence of developmental delays in low–socioeconomic status communities in South Africa and suggests that children are exposed to various threats to cognitive development. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)RR2-10.2196/14489 Medicine R Alastair van Heerden verfasserin aut Leana Olivier verfasserin aut Tersius Lambrechts verfasserin aut Mandi Broodryk verfasserin aut Liska Bunge verfasserin aut Martlé Vosloo verfasserin aut Mark Tomlinson verfasserin aut In JMIR Formative Research JMIR Publications, 2019 5(2021), 7, p e20658 (DE-627)1030386161 2561326X nnns volume:5 year:2021 number:7, p e20658 https://doi.org/10.2196/20658 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/a9126c329d5f47728dffe9b96215c506 kostenfrei https://formative.jmir.org/2021/7/e20658 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2561-326X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 5 2021 7, p e20658 |
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10.2196/20658 doi (DE-627)DOAJ010134336 (DE-599)DOAJa9126c329d5f47728dffe9b96215c506 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Jacobus Gidion Louw verfasserin aut Executive Function After Prenatal Alcohol Exposure in Children in a South African Population: Cross-sectional Study 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier BackgroundAlcohol is a teratogen; its consumption during pregnancy can lead to negative birth outcomes, collectively referred to as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Neurodevelopmental delays in higher-order cognitive functions that affect development of executive functions are a common feature. Studies on executive function in children have focused on children diagnosed with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, and there is a lack of information on the impact on children not diagnosed with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder but who had been exposed to alcohol. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare the development of executive function in children between 4 and 6 years of age with and without prenatal exposure to alcohol. MethodsChildren both exposed and not exposed to alcohol were recruited as part of a feasibility RCT evaluating a computer-based cognitive training program for improving executive function development. The study was conducted in a low–socioeconomic status community in South Africa with a high prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Neurodevelopment was assessed in participating children; NEPSY-II standardized scores for executive function domains were compared using a multivariate analysis of variance with group membership as the predictor variable. ResultsNo significant differences in executive functions assessments (P=.39) were found between children in the alcohol-exposed group (n=76) and those in the nonexposed group (n=40). Both groups showed moderate to severe delays in domains. In all but one subtest, the average score for both groups was below the 25th percentile of expected norms. ConclusionsWe expected that alcohol exposure would have a measurable impact on executive function development. The lack of differences highlights the prevalence of developmental delays in low–socioeconomic status communities in South Africa and suggests that children are exposed to various threats to cognitive development. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)RR2-10.2196/14489 Medicine R Alastair van Heerden verfasserin aut Leana Olivier verfasserin aut Tersius Lambrechts verfasserin aut Mandi Broodryk verfasserin aut Liska Bunge verfasserin aut Martlé Vosloo verfasserin aut Mark Tomlinson verfasserin aut In JMIR Formative Research JMIR Publications, 2019 5(2021), 7, p e20658 (DE-627)1030386161 2561326X nnns volume:5 year:2021 number:7, p e20658 https://doi.org/10.2196/20658 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/a9126c329d5f47728dffe9b96215c506 kostenfrei https://formative.jmir.org/2021/7/e20658 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2561-326X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 5 2021 7, p e20658 |
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10.2196/20658 doi (DE-627)DOAJ010134336 (DE-599)DOAJa9126c329d5f47728dffe9b96215c506 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Jacobus Gidion Louw verfasserin aut Executive Function After Prenatal Alcohol Exposure in Children in a South African Population: Cross-sectional Study 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier BackgroundAlcohol is a teratogen; its consumption during pregnancy can lead to negative birth outcomes, collectively referred to as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Neurodevelopmental delays in higher-order cognitive functions that affect development of executive functions are a common feature. Studies on executive function in children have focused on children diagnosed with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, and there is a lack of information on the impact on children not diagnosed with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder but who had been exposed to alcohol. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare the development of executive function in children between 4 and 6 years of age with and without prenatal exposure to alcohol. MethodsChildren both exposed and not exposed to alcohol were recruited as part of a feasibility RCT evaluating a computer-based cognitive training program for improving executive function development. The study was conducted in a low–socioeconomic status community in South Africa with a high prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Neurodevelopment was assessed in participating children; NEPSY-II standardized scores for executive function domains were compared using a multivariate analysis of variance with group membership as the predictor variable. ResultsNo significant differences in executive functions assessments (P=.39) were found between children in the alcohol-exposed group (n=76) and those in the nonexposed group (n=40). Both groups showed moderate to severe delays in domains. In all but one subtest, the average score for both groups was below the 25th percentile of expected norms. ConclusionsWe expected that alcohol exposure would have a measurable impact on executive function development. The lack of differences highlights the prevalence of developmental delays in low–socioeconomic status communities in South Africa and suggests that children are exposed to various threats to cognitive development. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)RR2-10.2196/14489 Medicine R Alastair van Heerden verfasserin aut Leana Olivier verfasserin aut Tersius Lambrechts verfasserin aut Mandi Broodryk verfasserin aut Liska Bunge verfasserin aut Martlé Vosloo verfasserin aut Mark Tomlinson verfasserin aut In JMIR Formative Research JMIR Publications, 2019 5(2021), 7, p e20658 (DE-627)1030386161 2561326X nnns volume:5 year:2021 number:7, p e20658 https://doi.org/10.2196/20658 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/a9126c329d5f47728dffe9b96215c506 kostenfrei https://formative.jmir.org/2021/7/e20658 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2561-326X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 5 2021 7, p e20658 |
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10.2196/20658 doi (DE-627)DOAJ010134336 (DE-599)DOAJa9126c329d5f47728dffe9b96215c506 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Jacobus Gidion Louw verfasserin aut Executive Function After Prenatal Alcohol Exposure in Children in a South African Population: Cross-sectional Study 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier BackgroundAlcohol is a teratogen; its consumption during pregnancy can lead to negative birth outcomes, collectively referred to as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Neurodevelopmental delays in higher-order cognitive functions that affect development of executive functions are a common feature. Studies on executive function in children have focused on children diagnosed with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, and there is a lack of information on the impact on children not diagnosed with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder but who had been exposed to alcohol. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare the development of executive function in children between 4 and 6 years of age with and without prenatal exposure to alcohol. MethodsChildren both exposed and not exposed to alcohol were recruited as part of a feasibility RCT evaluating a computer-based cognitive training program for improving executive function development. The study was conducted in a low–socioeconomic status community in South Africa with a high prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Neurodevelopment was assessed in participating children; NEPSY-II standardized scores for executive function domains were compared using a multivariate analysis of variance with group membership as the predictor variable. ResultsNo significant differences in executive functions assessments (P=.39) were found between children in the alcohol-exposed group (n=76) and those in the nonexposed group (n=40). Both groups showed moderate to severe delays in domains. In all but one subtest, the average score for both groups was below the 25th percentile of expected norms. ConclusionsWe expected that alcohol exposure would have a measurable impact on executive function development. The lack of differences highlights the prevalence of developmental delays in low–socioeconomic status communities in South Africa and suggests that children are exposed to various threats to cognitive development. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)RR2-10.2196/14489 Medicine R Alastair van Heerden verfasserin aut Leana Olivier verfasserin aut Tersius Lambrechts verfasserin aut Mandi Broodryk verfasserin aut Liska Bunge verfasserin aut Martlé Vosloo verfasserin aut Mark Tomlinson verfasserin aut In JMIR Formative Research JMIR Publications, 2019 5(2021), 7, p e20658 (DE-627)1030386161 2561326X nnns volume:5 year:2021 number:7, p e20658 https://doi.org/10.2196/20658 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/a9126c329d5f47728dffe9b96215c506 kostenfrei https://formative.jmir.org/2021/7/e20658 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2561-326X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 5 2021 7, p e20658 |
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Neurodevelopment was assessed in participating children; NEPSY-II standardized scores for executive function domains were compared using a multivariate analysis of variance with group membership as the predictor variable. ResultsNo significant differences in executive functions assessments (P=.39) were found between children in the alcohol-exposed group (n=76) and those in the nonexposed group (n=40). Both groups showed moderate to severe delays in domains. In all but one subtest, the average score for both groups was below the 25th percentile of expected norms. ConclusionsWe expected that alcohol exposure would have a measurable impact on executive function development. The lack of differences highlights the prevalence of developmental delays in low–socioeconomic status communities in South Africa and suggests that children are exposed to various threats to cognitive development. 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Executive Function After Prenatal Alcohol Exposure in Children in a South African Population: Cross-sectional Study |
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BackgroundAlcohol is a teratogen; its consumption during pregnancy can lead to negative birth outcomes, collectively referred to as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Neurodevelopmental delays in higher-order cognitive functions that affect development of executive functions are a common feature. Studies on executive function in children have focused on children diagnosed with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, and there is a lack of information on the impact on children not diagnosed with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder but who had been exposed to alcohol. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare the development of executive function in children between 4 and 6 years of age with and without prenatal exposure to alcohol. MethodsChildren both exposed and not exposed to alcohol were recruited as part of a feasibility RCT evaluating a computer-based cognitive training program for improving executive function development. The study was conducted in a low–socioeconomic status community in South Africa with a high prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Neurodevelopment was assessed in participating children; NEPSY-II standardized scores for executive function domains were compared using a multivariate analysis of variance with group membership as the predictor variable. ResultsNo significant differences in executive functions assessments (P=.39) were found between children in the alcohol-exposed group (n=76) and those in the nonexposed group (n=40). Both groups showed moderate to severe delays in domains. In all but one subtest, the average score for both groups was below the 25th percentile of expected norms. ConclusionsWe expected that alcohol exposure would have a measurable impact on executive function development. The lack of differences highlights the prevalence of developmental delays in low–socioeconomic status communities in South Africa and suggests that children are exposed to various threats to cognitive development. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)RR2-10.2196/14489 |
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BackgroundAlcohol is a teratogen; its consumption during pregnancy can lead to negative birth outcomes, collectively referred to as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Neurodevelopmental delays in higher-order cognitive functions that affect development of executive functions are a common feature. Studies on executive function in children have focused on children diagnosed with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, and there is a lack of information on the impact on children not diagnosed with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder but who had been exposed to alcohol. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare the development of executive function in children between 4 and 6 years of age with and without prenatal exposure to alcohol. MethodsChildren both exposed and not exposed to alcohol were recruited as part of a feasibility RCT evaluating a computer-based cognitive training program for improving executive function development. The study was conducted in a low–socioeconomic status community in South Africa with a high prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Neurodevelopment was assessed in participating children; NEPSY-II standardized scores for executive function domains were compared using a multivariate analysis of variance with group membership as the predictor variable. ResultsNo significant differences in executive functions assessments (P=.39) were found between children in the alcohol-exposed group (n=76) and those in the nonexposed group (n=40). Both groups showed moderate to severe delays in domains. In all but one subtest, the average score for both groups was below the 25th percentile of expected norms. ConclusionsWe expected that alcohol exposure would have a measurable impact on executive function development. The lack of differences highlights the prevalence of developmental delays in low–socioeconomic status communities in South Africa and suggests that children are exposed to various threats to cognitive development. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)RR2-10.2196/14489 |
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BackgroundAlcohol is a teratogen; its consumption during pregnancy can lead to negative birth outcomes, collectively referred to as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Neurodevelopmental delays in higher-order cognitive functions that affect development of executive functions are a common feature. Studies on executive function in children have focused on children diagnosed with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, and there is a lack of information on the impact on children not diagnosed with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder but who had been exposed to alcohol. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare the development of executive function in children between 4 and 6 years of age with and without prenatal exposure to alcohol. MethodsChildren both exposed and not exposed to alcohol were recruited as part of a feasibility RCT evaluating a computer-based cognitive training program for improving executive function development. The study was conducted in a low–socioeconomic status community in South Africa with a high prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Neurodevelopment was assessed in participating children; NEPSY-II standardized scores for executive function domains were compared using a multivariate analysis of variance with group membership as the predictor variable. ResultsNo significant differences in executive functions assessments (P=.39) were found between children in the alcohol-exposed group (n=76) and those in the nonexposed group (n=40). Both groups showed moderate to severe delays in domains. In all but one subtest, the average score for both groups was below the 25th percentile of expected norms. ConclusionsWe expected that alcohol exposure would have a measurable impact on executive function development. The lack of differences highlights the prevalence of developmental delays in low–socioeconomic status communities in South Africa and suggests that children are exposed to various threats to cognitive development. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)RR2-10.2196/14489 |
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| score |
7.401005 |