Performance improvement of 5G positioning utilizing multi-antenna angle measurements

Abstract Time delay-based the 5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology (5G) positioning is a main method to perform high-precision positioning in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) denied areas. However, in practical applications, the occlusion of signals in a complex environment result...
Ausführliche Beschreibung

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Autor*in:	Wenfei Guo [verfasserIn] Yue Deng [verfasserIn] Chi Guo [verfasserIn] Shufeng Qi [verfasserIn] Jingrong Wang [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2022

Schlagwörter:	5G positioning Angle of departure Positioning accuracy Positioning reliability

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Satellite Navigation - SpringerOpen, 2021, 3(2022), 1, Seite 14
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:3 ; year:2022 ; number:1 ; pages:14

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.1186/s43020-022-00078-y

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ012242365

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520			\|a Abstract Time delay-based the 5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology (5G) positioning is a main method to perform high-precision positioning in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) denied areas. However, in practical applications, the occlusion of signals in a complex environment results in few observable base stations, which affects the reliability and accuracy of positioning. The aim of this study is to improve the performance of the 5G positioning in complex environments with an insufficient number of observable base stations. First, the Angle of Departure (AOD) capability of multi-antennas is integrated into Multi-Round-Trip-Time (Multi-RTT) positioning, establishing a novel 5G RTT/AOD positioning model. Then, the influencing factors of positioning performance, including the Dilution of Precision (DOP) and the accuracy of the AOD measurements, is analyzed. The relationship between DOP and RTT/AOD positioning accuracy is deduced. Afterwards, simulation experiments are performed on 5G positioning with the Multi-RTT and RTT/AOD methods in two scenarios with good and complex environments. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that 5G positioning with the RTT/AOD method increases the horizontal and vertical accuracies by approximately 25 and 65%, respectively, compared with the Multi-RTT method. The positioning reliability is also greatly improved. The proposed model can well solve the inefficiency of 5G positioning with the RTT method in scenarios where the number of base stations is less than three.
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allfields	10.1186/s43020-022-00078-y doi (DE-627)DOAJ012242365 (DE-599)DOAJ105273a64cc74ff380b98ae98912f0a6 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng T1-995 Wenfei Guo verfasserin aut Performance improvement of 5G positioning utilizing multi-antenna angle measurements 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Time delay-based the 5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology (5G) positioning is a main method to perform high-precision positioning in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) denied areas. However, in practical applications, the occlusion of signals in a complex environment results in few observable base stations, which affects the reliability and accuracy of positioning. The aim of this study is to improve the performance of the 5G positioning in complex environments with an insufficient number of observable base stations. First, the Angle of Departure (AOD) capability of multi-antennas is integrated into Multi-Round-Trip-Time (Multi-RTT) positioning, establishing a novel 5G RTT/AOD positioning model. Then, the influencing factors of positioning performance, including the Dilution of Precision (DOP) and the accuracy of the AOD measurements, is analyzed. The relationship between DOP and RTT/AOD positioning accuracy is deduced. Afterwards, simulation experiments are performed on 5G positioning with the Multi-RTT and RTT/AOD methods in two scenarios with good and complex environments. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that 5G positioning with the RTT/AOD method increases the horizontal and vertical accuracies by approximately 25 and 65%, respectively, compared with the Multi-RTT method. The positioning reliability is also greatly improved. The proposed model can well solve the inefficiency of 5G positioning with the RTT method in scenarios where the number of base stations is less than three. 5G positioning Angle of departure Positioning accuracy Positioning reliability Technology (General) Yue Deng verfasserin aut Chi Guo verfasserin aut Shufeng Qi verfasserin aut Jingrong Wang verfasserin aut In Satellite Navigation SpringerOpen, 2021 3(2022), 1, Seite 14 (DE-627)1696030285 26621363 nnns volume:3 year:2022 number:1 pages:14 https://doi.org/10.1186/s43020-022-00078-y kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/105273a64cc74ff380b98ae98912f0a6 kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1186/s43020-022-00078-y kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2662-1363 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4392 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 3 2022 1 14
spelling	10.1186/s43020-022-00078-y doi (DE-627)DOAJ012242365 (DE-599)DOAJ105273a64cc74ff380b98ae98912f0a6 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng T1-995 Wenfei Guo verfasserin aut Performance improvement of 5G positioning utilizing multi-antenna angle measurements 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Time delay-based the 5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology (5G) positioning is a main method to perform high-precision positioning in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) denied areas. However, in practical applications, the occlusion of signals in a complex environment results in few observable base stations, which affects the reliability and accuracy of positioning. The aim of this study is to improve the performance of the 5G positioning in complex environments with an insufficient number of observable base stations. First, the Angle of Departure (AOD) capability of multi-antennas is integrated into Multi-Round-Trip-Time (Multi-RTT) positioning, establishing a novel 5G RTT/AOD positioning model. Then, the influencing factors of positioning performance, including the Dilution of Precision (DOP) and the accuracy of the AOD measurements, is analyzed. The relationship between DOP and RTT/AOD positioning accuracy is deduced. Afterwards, simulation experiments are performed on 5G positioning with the Multi-RTT and RTT/AOD methods in two scenarios with good and complex environments. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that 5G positioning with the RTT/AOD method increases the horizontal and vertical accuracies by approximately 25 and 65%, respectively, compared with the Multi-RTT method. The positioning reliability is also greatly improved. The proposed model can well solve the inefficiency of 5G positioning with the RTT method in scenarios where the number of base stations is less than three. 5G positioning Angle of departure Positioning accuracy Positioning reliability Technology (General) Yue Deng verfasserin aut Chi Guo verfasserin aut Shufeng Qi verfasserin aut Jingrong Wang verfasserin aut In Satellite Navigation SpringerOpen, 2021 3(2022), 1, Seite 14 (DE-627)1696030285 26621363 nnns volume:3 year:2022 number:1 pages:14 https://doi.org/10.1186/s43020-022-00078-y kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/105273a64cc74ff380b98ae98912f0a6 kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1186/s43020-022-00078-y kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2662-1363 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4392 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 3 2022 1 14
allfields_unstemmed	10.1186/s43020-022-00078-y doi (DE-627)DOAJ012242365 (DE-599)DOAJ105273a64cc74ff380b98ae98912f0a6 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng T1-995 Wenfei Guo verfasserin aut Performance improvement of 5G positioning utilizing multi-antenna angle measurements 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Time delay-based the 5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology (5G) positioning is a main method to perform high-precision positioning in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) denied areas. However, in practical applications, the occlusion of signals in a complex environment results in few observable base stations, which affects the reliability and accuracy of positioning. The aim of this study is to improve the performance of the 5G positioning in complex environments with an insufficient number of observable base stations. First, the Angle of Departure (AOD) capability of multi-antennas is integrated into Multi-Round-Trip-Time (Multi-RTT) positioning, establishing a novel 5G RTT/AOD positioning model. Then, the influencing factors of positioning performance, including the Dilution of Precision (DOP) and the accuracy of the AOD measurements, is analyzed. The relationship between DOP and RTT/AOD positioning accuracy is deduced. Afterwards, simulation experiments are performed on 5G positioning with the Multi-RTT and RTT/AOD methods in two scenarios with good and complex environments. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that 5G positioning with the RTT/AOD method increases the horizontal and vertical accuracies by approximately 25 and 65%, respectively, compared with the Multi-RTT method. The positioning reliability is also greatly improved. The proposed model can well solve the inefficiency of 5G positioning with the RTT method in scenarios where the number of base stations is less than three. 5G positioning Angle of departure Positioning accuracy Positioning reliability Technology (General) Yue Deng verfasserin aut Chi Guo verfasserin aut Shufeng Qi verfasserin aut Jingrong Wang verfasserin aut In Satellite Navigation SpringerOpen, 2021 3(2022), 1, Seite 14 (DE-627)1696030285 26621363 nnns volume:3 year:2022 number:1 pages:14 https://doi.org/10.1186/s43020-022-00078-y kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/105273a64cc74ff380b98ae98912f0a6 kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1186/s43020-022-00078-y kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2662-1363 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4392 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 3 2022 1 14
allfieldsGer	10.1186/s43020-022-00078-y doi (DE-627)DOAJ012242365 (DE-599)DOAJ105273a64cc74ff380b98ae98912f0a6 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng T1-995 Wenfei Guo verfasserin aut Performance improvement of 5G positioning utilizing multi-antenna angle measurements 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Time delay-based the 5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology (5G) positioning is a main method to perform high-precision positioning in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) denied areas. However, in practical applications, the occlusion of signals in a complex environment results in few observable base stations, which affects the reliability and accuracy of positioning. The aim of this study is to improve the performance of the 5G positioning in complex environments with an insufficient number of observable base stations. First, the Angle of Departure (AOD) capability of multi-antennas is integrated into Multi-Round-Trip-Time (Multi-RTT) positioning, establishing a novel 5G RTT/AOD positioning model. Then, the influencing factors of positioning performance, including the Dilution of Precision (DOP) and the accuracy of the AOD measurements, is analyzed. The relationship between DOP and RTT/AOD positioning accuracy is deduced. Afterwards, simulation experiments are performed on 5G positioning with the Multi-RTT and RTT/AOD methods in two scenarios with good and complex environments. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that 5G positioning with the RTT/AOD method increases the horizontal and vertical accuracies by approximately 25 and 65%, respectively, compared with the Multi-RTT method. The positioning reliability is also greatly improved. The proposed model can well solve the inefficiency of 5G positioning with the RTT method in scenarios where the number of base stations is less than three. 5G positioning Angle of departure Positioning accuracy Positioning reliability Technology (General) Yue Deng verfasserin aut Chi Guo verfasserin aut Shufeng Qi verfasserin aut Jingrong Wang verfasserin aut In Satellite Navigation SpringerOpen, 2021 3(2022), 1, Seite 14 (DE-627)1696030285 26621363 nnns volume:3 year:2022 number:1 pages:14 https://doi.org/10.1186/s43020-022-00078-y kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/105273a64cc74ff380b98ae98912f0a6 kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1186/s43020-022-00078-y kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2662-1363 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4392 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 3 2022 1 14
allfieldsSound	10.1186/s43020-022-00078-y doi (DE-627)DOAJ012242365 (DE-599)DOAJ105273a64cc74ff380b98ae98912f0a6 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng T1-995 Wenfei Guo verfasserin aut Performance improvement of 5G positioning utilizing multi-antenna angle measurements 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Time delay-based the 5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology (5G) positioning is a main method to perform high-precision positioning in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) denied areas. However, in practical applications, the occlusion of signals in a complex environment results in few observable base stations, which affects the reliability and accuracy of positioning. The aim of this study is to improve the performance of the 5G positioning in complex environments with an insufficient number of observable base stations. First, the Angle of Departure (AOD) capability of multi-antennas is integrated into Multi-Round-Trip-Time (Multi-RTT) positioning, establishing a novel 5G RTT/AOD positioning model. Then, the influencing factors of positioning performance, including the Dilution of Precision (DOP) and the accuracy of the AOD measurements, is analyzed. The relationship between DOP and RTT/AOD positioning accuracy is deduced. Afterwards, simulation experiments are performed on 5G positioning with the Multi-RTT and RTT/AOD methods in two scenarios with good and complex environments. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that 5G positioning with the RTT/AOD method increases the horizontal and vertical accuracies by approximately 25 and 65%, respectively, compared with the Multi-RTT method. The positioning reliability is also greatly improved. The proposed model can well solve the inefficiency of 5G positioning with the RTT method in scenarios where the number of base stations is less than three. 5G positioning Angle of departure Positioning accuracy Positioning reliability Technology (General) Yue Deng verfasserin aut Chi Guo verfasserin aut Shufeng Qi verfasserin aut Jingrong Wang verfasserin aut In Satellite Navigation SpringerOpen, 2021 3(2022), 1, Seite 14 (DE-627)1696030285 26621363 nnns volume:3 year:2022 number:1 pages:14 https://doi.org/10.1186/s43020-022-00078-y kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/105273a64cc74ff380b98ae98912f0a6 kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1186/s43020-022-00078-y kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2662-1363 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4392 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 3 2022 1 14
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callnumber-first	T - Technology
author	Wenfei Guo
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topic_title	T1-995 Performance improvement of 5G positioning utilizing multi-antenna angle measurements 5G positioning Angle of departure Positioning accuracy Positioning reliability
topic	misc T1-995 misc 5G positioning misc Angle of departure misc Positioning accuracy misc Positioning reliability misc Technology (General)
topic_unstemmed	misc T1-995 misc 5G positioning misc Angle of departure misc Positioning accuracy misc Positioning reliability misc Technology (General)
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title	Performance improvement of 5G positioning utilizing multi-antenna angle measurements
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title_full	Performance improvement of 5G positioning utilizing multi-antenna angle measurements
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title_sort	performance improvement of 5g positioning utilizing multi-antenna angle measurements
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title_auth	Performance improvement of 5G positioning utilizing multi-antenna angle measurements
abstract	Abstract Time delay-based the 5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology (5G) positioning is a main method to perform high-precision positioning in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) denied areas. However, in practical applications, the occlusion of signals in a complex environment results in few observable base stations, which affects the reliability and accuracy of positioning. The aim of this study is to improve the performance of the 5G positioning in complex environments with an insufficient number of observable base stations. First, the Angle of Departure (AOD) capability of multi-antennas is integrated into Multi-Round-Trip-Time (Multi-RTT) positioning, establishing a novel 5G RTT/AOD positioning model. Then, the influencing factors of positioning performance, including the Dilution of Precision (DOP) and the accuracy of the AOD measurements, is analyzed. The relationship between DOP and RTT/AOD positioning accuracy is deduced. Afterwards, simulation experiments are performed on 5G positioning with the Multi-RTT and RTT/AOD methods in two scenarios with good and complex environments. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that 5G positioning with the RTT/AOD method increases the horizontal and vertical accuracies by approximately 25 and 65%, respectively, compared with the Multi-RTT method. The positioning reliability is also greatly improved. The proposed model can well solve the inefficiency of 5G positioning with the RTT method in scenarios where the number of base stations is less than three.
abstractGer	Abstract Time delay-based the 5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology (5G) positioning is a main method to perform high-precision positioning in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) denied areas. However, in practical applications, the occlusion of signals in a complex environment results in few observable base stations, which affects the reliability and accuracy of positioning. The aim of this study is to improve the performance of the 5G positioning in complex environments with an insufficient number of observable base stations. First, the Angle of Departure (AOD) capability of multi-antennas is integrated into Multi-Round-Trip-Time (Multi-RTT) positioning, establishing a novel 5G RTT/AOD positioning model. Then, the influencing factors of positioning performance, including the Dilution of Precision (DOP) and the accuracy of the AOD measurements, is analyzed. The relationship between DOP and RTT/AOD positioning accuracy is deduced. Afterwards, simulation experiments are performed on 5G positioning with the Multi-RTT and RTT/AOD methods in two scenarios with good and complex environments. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that 5G positioning with the RTT/AOD method increases the horizontal and vertical accuracies by approximately 25 and 65%, respectively, compared with the Multi-RTT method. The positioning reliability is also greatly improved. The proposed model can well solve the inefficiency of 5G positioning with the RTT method in scenarios where the number of base stations is less than three.
abstract_unstemmed	Abstract Time delay-based the 5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology (5G) positioning is a main method to perform high-precision positioning in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) denied areas. However, in practical applications, the occlusion of signals in a complex environment results in few observable base stations, which affects the reliability and accuracy of positioning. The aim of this study is to improve the performance of the 5G positioning in complex environments with an insufficient number of observable base stations. First, the Angle of Departure (AOD) capability of multi-antennas is integrated into Multi-Round-Trip-Time (Multi-RTT) positioning, establishing a novel 5G RTT/AOD positioning model. Then, the influencing factors of positioning performance, including the Dilution of Precision (DOP) and the accuracy of the AOD measurements, is analyzed. The relationship between DOP and RTT/AOD positioning accuracy is deduced. Afterwards, simulation experiments are performed on 5G positioning with the Multi-RTT and RTT/AOD methods in two scenarios with good and complex environments. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that 5G positioning with the RTT/AOD method increases the horizontal and vertical accuracies by approximately 25 and 65%, respectively, compared with the Multi-RTT method. The positioning reliability is also greatly improved. The proposed model can well solve the inefficiency of 5G positioning with the RTT method in scenarios where the number of base stations is less than three.
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title_short	Performance improvement of 5G positioning utilizing multi-antenna angle measurements
url	https://doi.org/10.1186/s43020-022-00078-y https://doaj.org/article/105273a64cc74ff380b98ae98912f0a6 https://doaj.org/toc/2662-1363
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