Capacity for heat absorption by the wings of the butterfly Tirumala limniace (Cramer)

Butterflies can directly absorb heat from the sun via their wings to facilitate autonomous flight. However, how is the heat absorbed by the butterfly from sunlight stored and transmitted in the wing? The answer to this scientific question remains unclear. The butterfly Tirumala limniace (Cramer) is...
Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Huaijian Liao [verfasserIn] Ting Du [verfasserIn] Yuqi Zhang [verfasserIn] Lei Shi [verfasserIn] Xiyu Huai [verfasserIn] Chengli Zhou [verfasserIn] Jiang Deng [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2019

Schlagwörter:	Heat absorption Heat storage Heat absorption area Heat transfer Wing Tirumala limniace

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: PeerJ - PeerJ Inc., 2013, 7, p e6648(2019)
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:7, p e6648 ; year:2019

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.7717/peerj.6648

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ013336096

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520			\|a Butterflies can directly absorb heat from the sun via their wings to facilitate autonomous flight. However, how is the heat absorbed by the butterfly from sunlight stored and transmitted in the wing? The answer to this scientific question remains unclear. The butterfly Tirumala limniace (Cramer) is a typical heat absorption insect, and its wing surface color is only composed of light and dark colors. Thus, in this study, we measured a number of wing traits relevant for heat absorption including the thoracic temperature at different light intensities and wing opening angles, the thoracic temperature of butterflies with only one right fore wing or one right hind wing; In addition, the spectral reflectance of the wing surfaces, the thoracic temperature of butterflies with the scales removed or present in light or dark areas, and the real-time changes in heat absorption by the wing surfaces with temperature were also measured. We found that high intensity light (600–60,000 lx) allowed the butterflies to absorb more heat and 60−90° was the optimal angle for heat absorption. The heat absorption capacity was stronger in the fore wings than the hind wings. Dark areas on the wing surfaces were heat absorption areas. The dark areas in the lower region of the fore wing surface and the inside region of the hind wing surface were heat storage areas. Heat was transferred from the heat storage areas to the wing base through the veins near the heat storage areas of the fore and hind wings.
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callnumber-first	Q - Science
author	Huaijian Liao
spellingShingle	Huaijian Liao misc QH301-705.5 misc Heat absorption misc Heat storage misc Heat absorption area misc Heat transfer misc Wing misc Tirumala limniace misc Medicine misc R misc Biology (General) Capacity for heat absorption by the wings of the butterfly Tirumala limniace (Cramer)
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topic_title	QH301-705.5 Capacity for heat absorption by the wings of the butterfly Tirumala limniace (Cramer) Heat absorption Heat storage Heat absorption area Heat transfer Wing Tirumala limniace
topic	misc QH301-705.5 misc Heat absorption misc Heat storage misc Heat absorption area misc Heat transfer misc Wing misc Tirumala limniace misc Medicine misc R misc Biology (General)
topic_unstemmed	misc QH301-705.5 misc Heat absorption misc Heat storage misc Heat absorption area misc Heat transfer misc Wing misc Tirumala limniace misc Medicine misc R misc Biology (General)
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title	Capacity for heat absorption by the wings of the butterfly Tirumala limniace (Cramer)
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title_full	Capacity for heat absorption by the wings of the butterfly Tirumala limniace (Cramer)
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title_sort	capacity for heat absorption by the wings of the butterfly tirumala limniace (cramer)
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title_auth	Capacity for heat absorption by the wings of the butterfly Tirumala limniace (Cramer)
abstract	Butterflies can directly absorb heat from the sun via their wings to facilitate autonomous flight. However, how is the heat absorbed by the butterfly from sunlight stored and transmitted in the wing? The answer to this scientific question remains unclear. The butterfly Tirumala limniace (Cramer) is a typical heat absorption insect, and its wing surface color is only composed of light and dark colors. Thus, in this study, we measured a number of wing traits relevant for heat absorption including the thoracic temperature at different light intensities and wing opening angles, the thoracic temperature of butterflies with only one right fore wing or one right hind wing; In addition, the spectral reflectance of the wing surfaces, the thoracic temperature of butterflies with the scales removed or present in light or dark areas, and the real-time changes in heat absorption by the wing surfaces with temperature were also measured. We found that high intensity light (600–60,000 lx) allowed the butterflies to absorb more heat and 60−90° was the optimal angle for heat absorption. The heat absorption capacity was stronger in the fore wings than the hind wings. Dark areas on the wing surfaces were heat absorption areas. The dark areas in the lower region of the fore wing surface and the inside region of the hind wing surface were heat storage areas. Heat was transferred from the heat storage areas to the wing base through the veins near the heat storage areas of the fore and hind wings.
abstractGer	Butterflies can directly absorb heat from the sun via their wings to facilitate autonomous flight. However, how is the heat absorbed by the butterfly from sunlight stored and transmitted in the wing? The answer to this scientific question remains unclear. The butterfly Tirumala limniace (Cramer) is a typical heat absorption insect, and its wing surface color is only composed of light and dark colors. Thus, in this study, we measured a number of wing traits relevant for heat absorption including the thoracic temperature at different light intensities and wing opening angles, the thoracic temperature of butterflies with only one right fore wing or one right hind wing; In addition, the spectral reflectance of the wing surfaces, the thoracic temperature of butterflies with the scales removed or present in light or dark areas, and the real-time changes in heat absorption by the wing surfaces with temperature were also measured. We found that high intensity light (600–60,000 lx) allowed the butterflies to absorb more heat and 60−90° was the optimal angle for heat absorption. The heat absorption capacity was stronger in the fore wings than the hind wings. Dark areas on the wing surfaces were heat absorption areas. The dark areas in the lower region of the fore wing surface and the inside region of the hind wing surface were heat storage areas. Heat was transferred from the heat storage areas to the wing base through the veins near the heat storage areas of the fore and hind wings.
abstract_unstemmed	Butterflies can directly absorb heat from the sun via their wings to facilitate autonomous flight. However, how is the heat absorbed by the butterfly from sunlight stored and transmitted in the wing? The answer to this scientific question remains unclear. The butterfly Tirumala limniace (Cramer) is a typical heat absorption insect, and its wing surface color is only composed of light and dark colors. Thus, in this study, we measured a number of wing traits relevant for heat absorption including the thoracic temperature at different light intensities and wing opening angles, the thoracic temperature of butterflies with only one right fore wing or one right hind wing; In addition, the spectral reflectance of the wing surfaces, the thoracic temperature of butterflies with the scales removed or present in light or dark areas, and the real-time changes in heat absorption by the wing surfaces with temperature were also measured. We found that high intensity light (600–60,000 lx) allowed the butterflies to absorb more heat and 60−90° was the optimal angle for heat absorption. The heat absorption capacity was stronger in the fore wings than the hind wings. Dark areas on the wing surfaces were heat absorption areas. The dark areas in the lower region of the fore wing surface and the inside region of the hind wing surface were heat storage areas. Heat was transferred from the heat storage areas to the wing base through the veins near the heat storage areas of the fore and hind wings.
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title_short	Capacity for heat absorption by the wings of the butterfly Tirumala limniace (Cramer)
url	https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6648 https://doaj.org/article/8fb10436caaf493e9d04460c612b6ffc https://peerj.com/articles/6648.pdf https://peerj.com/articles/6648/ https://doaj.org/toc/2167-8359
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Capacity for heat absorption by the wings of the butterfly Tirumala limniace (Cramer)

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