IoT Micro-Blockchain Fundamentals

In this paper we investigate the essential minimum functionality of the autonomous blockchain, and the minimum hardware and software required to support it in the micro-scale in the IoT world. The application of deep-blockchain operation in the lower-level activity of the IoT ecosystem, is expected...
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Autor*in:	Aristidis G. Anagnostakis [verfasserIn] Nikolaos Giannakeas [verfasserIn] Markos G. Tsipouras [verfasserIn] Euripidis Glavas [verfasserIn] Alexandros T. Tzallas [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2021

Schlagwörter:	autonomous blockchain micro-blockchain microcontroller blockchain IoT blockchain peer IoT networks smart dust blockchain

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Sensors - MDPI AG, 2003, 21(2021), 8, p 2784
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:21 ; year:2021 ; number:8, p 2784

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/s21082784

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ013339389

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allfieldsSound	10.3390/s21082784 doi (DE-627)DOAJ013339389 (DE-599)DOAJf2ae77eb4021434db828ab6a201e319c DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TP1-1185 Aristidis G. Anagnostakis verfasserin aut IoT Micro-Blockchain Fundamentals 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier In this paper we investigate the essential minimum functionality of the autonomous blockchain, and the minimum hardware and software required to support it in the micro-scale in the IoT world. The application of deep-blockchain operation in the lower-level activity of the IoT ecosystem, is expected to bring profound clarity and constitutes a unique challenge. Setting up and operating bit-level blockchain mechanisms on minimal IoT elements like smart switches and active sensors, mandates pushing blockchain engineering to the limits. “How deep can blockchain actually go?” “Which is the minimum Thing of the IoT world that can actually deliver autonomous blockchain functionality?” To answer, an experiment based on IoT micro-controllers was set. The “<i<Witness Protocol</i<” was defined to set the minimum essential micro-blockchain functionality. The protocol was developed and installed on a peer, ad-hoc, autonomous network of casual, real-life IoT micro-devices. The setup was tested, benchmarked, and evaluated in terms of computational needs, efficiency, and collective resistance against malicious attacks. The leading considerations are highlighted, and the results of the experiment are presented. Findings are intriguing and prove that fully autonomous, private micro-blockchain networks are absolutely feasible in the smart dust world, utilizing the capacities of the existing low-end IoT devices. autonomous blockchain micro-blockchain microcontroller blockchain IoT blockchain peer IoT networks smart dust blockchain Chemical technology Nikolaos Giannakeas verfasserin aut Markos G. Tsipouras verfasserin aut Euripidis Glavas verfasserin aut Alexandros T. Tzallas verfasserin aut In Sensors MDPI AG, 2003 21(2021), 8, p 2784 (DE-627)331640910 (DE-600)2052857-7 14248220 nnns volume:21 year:2021 number:8, p 2784 https://doi.org/10.3390/s21082784 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/f2ae77eb4021434db828ab6a201e319c kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/8/2784 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1424-8220 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 21 2021 8, p 2784
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authorswithroles_txt_mv	Aristidis G. Anagnostakis @@aut@@ Nikolaos Giannakeas @@aut@@ Markos G. Tsipouras @@aut@@ Euripidis Glavas @@aut@@ Alexandros T. Tzallas @@aut@@
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callnumber-first	T - Technology
author	Aristidis G. Anagnostakis
spellingShingle	Aristidis G. Anagnostakis misc TP1-1185 misc autonomous blockchain misc micro-blockchain misc microcontroller blockchain misc IoT blockchain misc peer IoT networks misc smart dust blockchain misc Chemical technology IoT Micro-Blockchain Fundamentals
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topic	misc TP1-1185 misc autonomous blockchain misc micro-blockchain misc microcontroller blockchain misc IoT blockchain misc peer IoT networks misc smart dust blockchain misc Chemical technology
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abstract	In this paper we investigate the essential minimum functionality of the autonomous blockchain, and the minimum hardware and software required to support it in the micro-scale in the IoT world. The application of deep-blockchain operation in the lower-level activity of the IoT ecosystem, is expected to bring profound clarity and constitutes a unique challenge. Setting up and operating bit-level blockchain mechanisms on minimal IoT elements like smart switches and active sensors, mandates pushing blockchain engineering to the limits. “How deep can blockchain actually go?” “Which is the minimum Thing of the IoT world that can actually deliver autonomous blockchain functionality?” To answer, an experiment based on IoT micro-controllers was set. The “<i<Witness Protocol</i<” was defined to set the minimum essential micro-blockchain functionality. The protocol was developed and installed on a peer, ad-hoc, autonomous network of casual, real-life IoT micro-devices. The setup was tested, benchmarked, and evaluated in terms of computational needs, efficiency, and collective resistance against malicious attacks. The leading considerations are highlighted, and the results of the experiment are presented. Findings are intriguing and prove that fully autonomous, private micro-blockchain networks are absolutely feasible in the smart dust world, utilizing the capacities of the existing low-end IoT devices.
abstractGer	In this paper we investigate the essential minimum functionality of the autonomous blockchain, and the minimum hardware and software required to support it in the micro-scale in the IoT world. The application of deep-blockchain operation in the lower-level activity of the IoT ecosystem, is expected to bring profound clarity and constitutes a unique challenge. Setting up and operating bit-level blockchain mechanisms on minimal IoT elements like smart switches and active sensors, mandates pushing blockchain engineering to the limits. “How deep can blockchain actually go?” “Which is the minimum Thing of the IoT world that can actually deliver autonomous blockchain functionality?” To answer, an experiment based on IoT micro-controllers was set. The “<i<Witness Protocol</i<” was defined to set the minimum essential micro-blockchain functionality. The protocol was developed and installed on a peer, ad-hoc, autonomous network of casual, real-life IoT micro-devices. The setup was tested, benchmarked, and evaluated in terms of computational needs, efficiency, and collective resistance against malicious attacks. The leading considerations are highlighted, and the results of the experiment are presented. Findings are intriguing and prove that fully autonomous, private micro-blockchain networks are absolutely feasible in the smart dust world, utilizing the capacities of the existing low-end IoT devices.
abstract_unstemmed	In this paper we investigate the essential minimum functionality of the autonomous blockchain, and the minimum hardware and software required to support it in the micro-scale in the IoT world. The application of deep-blockchain operation in the lower-level activity of the IoT ecosystem, is expected to bring profound clarity and constitutes a unique challenge. Setting up and operating bit-level blockchain mechanisms on minimal IoT elements like smart switches and active sensors, mandates pushing blockchain engineering to the limits. “How deep can blockchain actually go?” “Which is the minimum Thing of the IoT world that can actually deliver autonomous blockchain functionality?” To answer, an experiment based on IoT micro-controllers was set. The “<i<Witness Protocol</i<” was defined to set the minimum essential micro-blockchain functionality. The protocol was developed and installed on a peer, ad-hoc, autonomous network of casual, real-life IoT micro-devices. The setup was tested, benchmarked, and evaluated in terms of computational needs, efficiency, and collective resistance against malicious attacks. The leading considerations are highlighted, and the results of the experiment are presented. Findings are intriguing and prove that fully autonomous, private micro-blockchain networks are absolutely feasible in the smart dust world, utilizing the capacities of the existing low-end IoT devices.
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title_short	IoT Micro-Blockchain Fundamentals
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