Assessment of Multi-Scale SMOS and SMAP Soil Moisture Products across the Iberian Peninsula

In the last decade, technological advances led to the launch of two satellite missions dedicated to measure the Earth’s surface soil moisture (SSM): the ESA’s Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) launched in 2009, and the NASA’s Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) launched in 2015. The two satellites have an L-band microwave radiometer on-board to measure the Earth’s surface emission. These measurements (brightness temperatures T<sub<B</sub<) are then used to generate global maps of SSM every three days with a spatial resolution of about 30−40 km and a target accuracy of 0.04 m<sup<3</sup</m<sup<3</sup<. To meet local applications needs, different approaches have been proposed to spatially disaggregate SMOS and SMAP T<sub<B</sub< or their SSM products. They rely on synergies between multi-sensor observations and are built upon different physical assumptions. In this study, temporal and spatial characteristics of six operational SSM products derived from SMOS and SMAP are assessed in order to diagnose their distinct features, and the rationale behind them. The study is focused on the Iberian Peninsula and covers the period from April 2015 to December 2017. A temporal inter-comparison analysis is carried out using in situ SSM data from the Soil Moisture Measurements Station Network of the University of Salamanca (REMEDHUS) to evaluate the impact of the spatial scale of the different products (1, 3, 9, 25, and 36 km), and their correspondence in terms of temporal dynamics. A spatial analysis is conducted for the whole Iberian Peninsula with emphasis on the added-value that the enhanced resolution products provide based on the microwave-optical (SMOS/ERA5/MODIS) or the active−passive microwave (SMAP/Sentinel-1) sensor fusion. Our results show overall agreement among time series of the products regardless their spatial scale when compared to in situ measurements. Still, higher spatial resolutions would be needed to capture local features such as small irrigated areas that are not dominant at the 1-km pixel scale. The degree to which spatial features are resolved by the enhanced resolution products depend on the multi-sensor synergies employed (at T<sub<B</sub< or soil moisture level), and on the nature of the fine-scale information used. The largest disparities between these products occur in forested areas, which may be related to the reduced sensitivity of high-resolution active microwave and optical data to soil properties under dense vegetation. Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Gerard Portal [verfasserIn] Thomas Jagdhuber [verfasserIn] Mercè Vall-llossera [verfasserIn] Adriano Camps [verfasserIn] Miriam Pablos [verfasserIn] Dara Entekhabi [verfasserIn] Maria Piles [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2020

Schlagwörter:	soil moisture moisture variability temporal dynamics moisture patterns spatial disaggregation soil moisture active passive (smap) soil moisture and ocean salinity (smos) remedhus

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Remote Sensing - MDPI AG, 2009, 12(2020), 3, p 570
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:12 ; year:2020 ; number:3, p 570

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/rs12030570

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ014092069

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allfields	10.3390/rs12030570 doi (DE-627)DOAJ014092069 (DE-599)DOAJ696acfdb398f4bc581f2030489709927 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Gerard Portal verfasserin aut Assessment of Multi-Scale SMOS and SMAP Soil Moisture Products across the Iberian Peninsula 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier In the last decade, technological advances led to the launch of two satellite missions dedicated to measure the Earth’s surface soil moisture (SSM): the ESA’s Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) launched in 2009, and the NASA’s Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) launched in 2015. The two satellites have an L-band microwave radiometer on-board to measure the Earth’s surface emission. These measurements (brightness temperatures T<sub<B</sub<) are then used to generate global maps of SSM every three days with a spatial resolution of about 30−40 km and a target accuracy of 0.04 m<sup<3</sup</m<sup<3</sup<. To meet local applications needs, different approaches have been proposed to spatially disaggregate SMOS and SMAP T<sub<B</sub< or their SSM products. They rely on synergies between multi-sensor observations and are built upon different physical assumptions. In this study, temporal and spatial characteristics of six operational SSM products derived from SMOS and SMAP are assessed in order to diagnose their distinct features, and the rationale behind them. The study is focused on the Iberian Peninsula and covers the period from April 2015 to December 2017. A temporal inter-comparison analysis is carried out using in situ SSM data from the Soil Moisture Measurements Station Network of the University of Salamanca (REMEDHUS) to evaluate the impact of the spatial scale of the different products (1, 3, 9, 25, and 36 km), and their correspondence in terms of temporal dynamics. A spatial analysis is conducted for the whole Iberian Peninsula with emphasis on the added-value that the enhanced resolution products provide based on the microwave-optical (SMOS/ERA5/MODIS) or the active−passive microwave (SMAP/Sentinel-1) sensor fusion. Our results show overall agreement among time series of the products regardless their spatial scale when compared to in situ measurements. Still, higher spatial resolutions would be needed to capture local features such as small irrigated areas that are not dominant at the 1-km pixel scale. The degree to which spatial features are resolved by the enhanced resolution products depend on the multi-sensor synergies employed (at T<sub<B</sub< or soil moisture level), and on the nature of the fine-scale information used. The largest disparities between these products occur in forested areas, which may be related to the reduced sensitivity of high-resolution active microwave and optical data to soil properties under dense vegetation. soil moisture moisture variability temporal dynamics moisture patterns spatial disaggregation soil moisture active passive (smap) soil moisture and ocean salinity (smos) remedhus Science Q Thomas Jagdhuber verfasserin aut Mercè Vall-llossera verfasserin aut Adriano Camps verfasserin aut Miriam Pablos verfasserin aut Dara Entekhabi verfasserin aut Maria Piles verfasserin aut In Remote Sensing MDPI AG, 2009 12(2020), 3, p 570 (DE-627)608937916 (DE-600)2513863-7 20724292 nnns volume:12 year:2020 number:3, p 570 https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12030570 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/696acfdb398f4bc581f2030489709927 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/3/570 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4392 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2020 3, p 570
spelling	10.3390/rs12030570 doi (DE-627)DOAJ014092069 (DE-599)DOAJ696acfdb398f4bc581f2030489709927 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Gerard Portal verfasserin aut Assessment of Multi-Scale SMOS and SMAP Soil Moisture Products across the Iberian Peninsula 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier In the last decade, technological advances led to the launch of two satellite missions dedicated to measure the Earth’s surface soil moisture (SSM): the ESA’s Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) launched in 2009, and the NASA’s Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) launched in 2015. The two satellites have an L-band microwave radiometer on-board to measure the Earth’s surface emission. These measurements (brightness temperatures T<sub<B</sub<) are then used to generate global maps of SSM every three days with a spatial resolution of about 30−40 km and a target accuracy of 0.04 m<sup<3</sup</m<sup<3</sup<. To meet local applications needs, different approaches have been proposed to spatially disaggregate SMOS and SMAP T<sub<B</sub< or their SSM products. They rely on synergies between multi-sensor observations and are built upon different physical assumptions. In this study, temporal and spatial characteristics of six operational SSM products derived from SMOS and SMAP are assessed in order to diagnose their distinct features, and the rationale behind them. The study is focused on the Iberian Peninsula and covers the period from April 2015 to December 2017. A temporal inter-comparison analysis is carried out using in situ SSM data from the Soil Moisture Measurements Station Network of the University of Salamanca (REMEDHUS) to evaluate the impact of the spatial scale of the different products (1, 3, 9, 25, and 36 km), and their correspondence in terms of temporal dynamics. A spatial analysis is conducted for the whole Iberian Peninsula with emphasis on the added-value that the enhanced resolution products provide based on the microwave-optical (SMOS/ERA5/MODIS) or the active−passive microwave (SMAP/Sentinel-1) sensor fusion. Our results show overall agreement among time series of the products regardless their spatial scale when compared to in situ measurements. Still, higher spatial resolutions would be needed to capture local features such as small irrigated areas that are not dominant at the 1-km pixel scale. The degree to which spatial features are resolved by the enhanced resolution products depend on the multi-sensor synergies employed (at T<sub<B</sub< or soil moisture level), and on the nature of the fine-scale information used. The largest disparities between these products occur in forested areas, which may be related to the reduced sensitivity of high-resolution active microwave and optical data to soil properties under dense vegetation. soil moisture moisture variability temporal dynamics moisture patterns spatial disaggregation soil moisture active passive (smap) soil moisture and ocean salinity (smos) remedhus Science Q Thomas Jagdhuber verfasserin aut Mercè Vall-llossera verfasserin aut Adriano Camps verfasserin aut Miriam Pablos verfasserin aut Dara Entekhabi verfasserin aut Maria Piles verfasserin aut In Remote Sensing MDPI AG, 2009 12(2020), 3, p 570 (DE-627)608937916 (DE-600)2513863-7 20724292 nnns volume:12 year:2020 number:3, p 570 https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12030570 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/696acfdb398f4bc581f2030489709927 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/3/570 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4392 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2020 3, p 570
allfields_unstemmed	10.3390/rs12030570 doi (DE-627)DOAJ014092069 (DE-599)DOAJ696acfdb398f4bc581f2030489709927 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Gerard Portal verfasserin aut Assessment of Multi-Scale SMOS and SMAP Soil Moisture Products across the Iberian Peninsula 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier In the last decade, technological advances led to the launch of two satellite missions dedicated to measure the Earth’s surface soil moisture (SSM): the ESA’s Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) launched in 2009, and the NASA’s Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) launched in 2015. The two satellites have an L-band microwave radiometer on-board to measure the Earth’s surface emission. These measurements (brightness temperatures T<sub<B</sub<) are then used to generate global maps of SSM every three days with a spatial resolution of about 30−40 km and a target accuracy of 0.04 m<sup<3</sup</m<sup<3</sup<. To meet local applications needs, different approaches have been proposed to spatially disaggregate SMOS and SMAP T<sub<B</sub< or their SSM products. They rely on synergies between multi-sensor observations and are built upon different physical assumptions. In this study, temporal and spatial characteristics of six operational SSM products derived from SMOS and SMAP are assessed in order to diagnose their distinct features, and the rationale behind them. The study is focused on the Iberian Peninsula and covers the period from April 2015 to December 2017. A temporal inter-comparison analysis is carried out using in situ SSM data from the Soil Moisture Measurements Station Network of the University of Salamanca (REMEDHUS) to evaluate the impact of the spatial scale of the different products (1, 3, 9, 25, and 36 km), and their correspondence in terms of temporal dynamics. A spatial analysis is conducted for the whole Iberian Peninsula with emphasis on the added-value that the enhanced resolution products provide based on the microwave-optical (SMOS/ERA5/MODIS) or the active−passive microwave (SMAP/Sentinel-1) sensor fusion. Our results show overall agreement among time series of the products regardless their spatial scale when compared to in situ measurements. Still, higher spatial resolutions would be needed to capture local features such as small irrigated areas that are not dominant at the 1-km pixel scale. The degree to which spatial features are resolved by the enhanced resolution products depend on the multi-sensor synergies employed (at T<sub<B</sub< or soil moisture level), and on the nature of the fine-scale information used. The largest disparities between these products occur in forested areas, which may be related to the reduced sensitivity of high-resolution active microwave and optical data to soil properties under dense vegetation. soil moisture moisture variability temporal dynamics moisture patterns spatial disaggregation soil moisture active passive (smap) soil moisture and ocean salinity (smos) remedhus Science Q Thomas Jagdhuber verfasserin aut Mercè Vall-llossera verfasserin aut Adriano Camps verfasserin aut Miriam Pablos verfasserin aut Dara Entekhabi verfasserin aut Maria Piles verfasserin aut In Remote Sensing MDPI AG, 2009 12(2020), 3, p 570 (DE-627)608937916 (DE-600)2513863-7 20724292 nnns volume:12 year:2020 number:3, p 570 https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12030570 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/696acfdb398f4bc581f2030489709927 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/3/570 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4392 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2020 3, p 570
allfieldsGer	10.3390/rs12030570 doi (DE-627)DOAJ014092069 (DE-599)DOAJ696acfdb398f4bc581f2030489709927 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Gerard Portal verfasserin aut Assessment of Multi-Scale SMOS and SMAP Soil Moisture Products across the Iberian Peninsula 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier In the last decade, technological advances led to the launch of two satellite missions dedicated to measure the Earth’s surface soil moisture (SSM): the ESA’s Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) launched in 2009, and the NASA’s Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) launched in 2015. The two satellites have an L-band microwave radiometer on-board to measure the Earth’s surface emission. These measurements (brightness temperatures T<sub<B</sub<) are then used to generate global maps of SSM every three days with a spatial resolution of about 30−40 km and a target accuracy of 0.04 m<sup<3</sup</m<sup<3</sup<. To meet local applications needs, different approaches have been proposed to spatially disaggregate SMOS and SMAP T<sub<B</sub< or their SSM products. They rely on synergies between multi-sensor observations and are built upon different physical assumptions. In this study, temporal and spatial characteristics of six operational SSM products derived from SMOS and SMAP are assessed in order to diagnose their distinct features, and the rationale behind them. The study is focused on the Iberian Peninsula and covers the period from April 2015 to December 2017. A temporal inter-comparison analysis is carried out using in situ SSM data from the Soil Moisture Measurements Station Network of the University of Salamanca (REMEDHUS) to evaluate the impact of the spatial scale of the different products (1, 3, 9, 25, and 36 km), and their correspondence in terms of temporal dynamics. A spatial analysis is conducted for the whole Iberian Peninsula with emphasis on the added-value that the enhanced resolution products provide based on the microwave-optical (SMOS/ERA5/MODIS) or the active−passive microwave (SMAP/Sentinel-1) sensor fusion. Our results show overall agreement among time series of the products regardless their spatial scale when compared to in situ measurements. Still, higher spatial resolutions would be needed to capture local features such as small irrigated areas that are not dominant at the 1-km pixel scale. The degree to which spatial features are resolved by the enhanced resolution products depend on the multi-sensor synergies employed (at T<sub<B</sub< or soil moisture level), and on the nature of the fine-scale information used. The largest disparities between these products occur in forested areas, which may be related to the reduced sensitivity of high-resolution active microwave and optical data to soil properties under dense vegetation. soil moisture moisture variability temporal dynamics moisture patterns spatial disaggregation soil moisture active passive (smap) soil moisture and ocean salinity (smos) remedhus Science Q Thomas Jagdhuber verfasserin aut Mercè Vall-llossera verfasserin aut Adriano Camps verfasserin aut Miriam Pablos verfasserin aut Dara Entekhabi verfasserin aut Maria Piles verfasserin aut In Remote Sensing MDPI AG, 2009 12(2020), 3, p 570 (DE-627)608937916 (DE-600)2513863-7 20724292 nnns volume:12 year:2020 number:3, p 570 https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12030570 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/696acfdb398f4bc581f2030489709927 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/3/570 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4392 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2020 3, p 570
allfieldsSound	10.3390/rs12030570 doi (DE-627)DOAJ014092069 (DE-599)DOAJ696acfdb398f4bc581f2030489709927 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Gerard Portal verfasserin aut Assessment of Multi-Scale SMOS and SMAP Soil Moisture Products across the Iberian Peninsula 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier In the last decade, technological advances led to the launch of two satellite missions dedicated to measure the Earth’s surface soil moisture (SSM): the ESA’s Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) launched in 2009, and the NASA’s Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) launched in 2015. The two satellites have an L-band microwave radiometer on-board to measure the Earth’s surface emission. These measurements (brightness temperatures T<sub<B</sub<) are then used to generate global maps of SSM every three days with a spatial resolution of about 30−40 km and a target accuracy of 0.04 m<sup<3</sup</m<sup<3</sup<. To meet local applications needs, different approaches have been proposed to spatially disaggregate SMOS and SMAP T<sub<B</sub< or their SSM products. They rely on synergies between multi-sensor observations and are built upon different physical assumptions. In this study, temporal and spatial characteristics of six operational SSM products derived from SMOS and SMAP are assessed in order to diagnose their distinct features, and the rationale behind them. The study is focused on the Iberian Peninsula and covers the period from April 2015 to December 2017. A temporal inter-comparison analysis is carried out using in situ SSM data from the Soil Moisture Measurements Station Network of the University of Salamanca (REMEDHUS) to evaluate the impact of the spatial scale of the different products (1, 3, 9, 25, and 36 km), and their correspondence in terms of temporal dynamics. A spatial analysis is conducted for the whole Iberian Peninsula with emphasis on the added-value that the enhanced resolution products provide based on the microwave-optical (SMOS/ERA5/MODIS) or the active−passive microwave (SMAP/Sentinel-1) sensor fusion. Our results show overall agreement among time series of the products regardless their spatial scale when compared to in situ measurements. Still, higher spatial resolutions would be needed to capture local features such as small irrigated areas that are not dominant at the 1-km pixel scale. The degree to which spatial features are resolved by the enhanced resolution products depend on the multi-sensor synergies employed (at T<sub<B</sub< or soil moisture level), and on the nature of the fine-scale information used. The largest disparities between these products occur in forested areas, which may be related to the reduced sensitivity of high-resolution active microwave and optical data to soil properties under dense vegetation. soil moisture moisture variability temporal dynamics moisture patterns spatial disaggregation soil moisture active passive (smap) soil moisture and ocean salinity (smos) remedhus Science Q Thomas Jagdhuber verfasserin aut Mercè Vall-llossera verfasserin aut Adriano Camps verfasserin aut Miriam Pablos verfasserin aut Dara Entekhabi verfasserin aut Maria Piles verfasserin aut In Remote Sensing MDPI AG, 2009 12(2020), 3, p 570 (DE-627)608937916 (DE-600)2513863-7 20724292 nnns volume:12 year:2020 number:3, p 570 https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12030570 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/696acfdb398f4bc581f2030489709927 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/3/570 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4392 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2020 3, p 570
language	English
source	In Remote Sensing 12(2020), 3, p 570 volume:12 year:2020 number:3, p 570
sourceStr	In Remote Sensing 12(2020), 3, p 570 volume:12 year:2020 number:3, p 570
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	soil moisture moisture variability temporal dynamics moisture patterns spatial disaggregation soil moisture active passive (smap) soil moisture and ocean salinity (smos) remedhus Science Q
isfreeaccess_bool	true
container_title	Remote Sensing
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Gerard Portal @@aut@@ Thomas Jagdhuber @@aut@@ Mercè Vall-llossera @@aut@@ Adriano Camps @@aut@@ Miriam Pablos @@aut@@ Dara Entekhabi @@aut@@ Maria Piles @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	608937916
id	DOAJ014092069
language_de	englisch
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author	Gerard Portal
spellingShingle	Gerard Portal misc soil moisture misc moisture variability misc temporal dynamics misc moisture patterns misc spatial disaggregation misc soil moisture active passive (smap) misc soil moisture and ocean salinity (smos) misc remedhus misc Science misc Q Assessment of Multi-Scale SMOS and SMAP Soil Moisture Products across the Iberian Peninsula
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topic_title	Assessment of Multi-Scale SMOS and SMAP Soil Moisture Products across the Iberian Peninsula soil moisture moisture variability temporal dynamics moisture patterns spatial disaggregation soil moisture active passive (smap) soil moisture and ocean salinity (smos) remedhus
topic	misc soil moisture misc moisture variability misc temporal dynamics misc moisture patterns misc spatial disaggregation misc soil moisture active passive (smap) misc soil moisture and ocean salinity (smos) misc remedhus misc Science misc Q
topic_unstemmed	misc soil moisture misc moisture variability misc temporal dynamics misc moisture patterns misc spatial disaggregation misc soil moisture active passive (smap) misc soil moisture and ocean salinity (smos) misc remedhus misc Science misc Q
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title	Assessment of Multi-Scale SMOS and SMAP Soil Moisture Products across the Iberian Peninsula
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title_full	Assessment of Multi-Scale SMOS and SMAP Soil Moisture Products across the Iberian Peninsula
author_sort	Gerard Portal
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author_browse	Gerard Portal Thomas Jagdhuber Mercè Vall-llossera Adriano Camps Miriam Pablos Dara Entekhabi Maria Piles
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title_sort	assessment of multi-scale smos and smap soil moisture products across the iberian peninsula
title_auth	Assessment of Multi-Scale SMOS and SMAP Soil Moisture Products across the Iberian Peninsula
abstract	In the last decade, technological advances led to the launch of two satellite missions dedicated to measure the Earth’s surface soil moisture (SSM): the ESA’s Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) launched in 2009, and the NASA’s Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) launched in 2015. The two satellites have an L-band microwave radiometer on-board to measure the Earth’s surface emission. These measurements (brightness temperatures T<sub<B</sub<) are then used to generate global maps of SSM every three days with a spatial resolution of about 30−40 km and a target accuracy of 0.04 m<sup<3</sup</m<sup<3</sup<. To meet local applications needs, different approaches have been proposed to spatially disaggregate SMOS and SMAP T<sub<B</sub< or their SSM products. They rely on synergies between multi-sensor observations and are built upon different physical assumptions. In this study, temporal and spatial characteristics of six operational SSM products derived from SMOS and SMAP are assessed in order to diagnose their distinct features, and the rationale behind them. The study is focused on the Iberian Peninsula and covers the period from April 2015 to December 2017. A temporal inter-comparison analysis is carried out using in situ SSM data from the Soil Moisture Measurements Station Network of the University of Salamanca (REMEDHUS) to evaluate the impact of the spatial scale of the different products (1, 3, 9, 25, and 36 km), and their correspondence in terms of temporal dynamics. A spatial analysis is conducted for the whole Iberian Peninsula with emphasis on the added-value that the enhanced resolution products provide based on the microwave-optical (SMOS/ERA5/MODIS) or the active−passive microwave (SMAP/Sentinel-1) sensor fusion. Our results show overall agreement among time series of the products regardless their spatial scale when compared to in situ measurements. Still, higher spatial resolutions would be needed to capture local features such as small irrigated areas that are not dominant at the 1-km pixel scale. The degree to which spatial features are resolved by the enhanced resolution products depend on the multi-sensor synergies employed (at T<sub<B</sub< or soil moisture level), and on the nature of the fine-scale information used. The largest disparities between these products occur in forested areas, which may be related to the reduced sensitivity of high-resolution active microwave and optical data to soil properties under dense vegetation.
abstractGer	In the last decade, technological advances led to the launch of two satellite missions dedicated to measure the Earth’s surface soil moisture (SSM): the ESA’s Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) launched in 2009, and the NASA’s Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) launched in 2015. The two satellites have an L-band microwave radiometer on-board to measure the Earth’s surface emission. These measurements (brightness temperatures T<sub<B</sub<) are then used to generate global maps of SSM every three days with a spatial resolution of about 30−40 km and a target accuracy of 0.04 m<sup<3</sup</m<sup<3</sup<. To meet local applications needs, different approaches have been proposed to spatially disaggregate SMOS and SMAP T<sub<B</sub< or their SSM products. They rely on synergies between multi-sensor observations and are built upon different physical assumptions. In this study, temporal and spatial characteristics of six operational SSM products derived from SMOS and SMAP are assessed in order to diagnose their distinct features, and the rationale behind them. The study is focused on the Iberian Peninsula and covers the period from April 2015 to December 2017. A temporal inter-comparison analysis is carried out using in situ SSM data from the Soil Moisture Measurements Station Network of the University of Salamanca (REMEDHUS) to evaluate the impact of the spatial scale of the different products (1, 3, 9, 25, and 36 km), and their correspondence in terms of temporal dynamics. A spatial analysis is conducted for the whole Iberian Peninsula with emphasis on the added-value that the enhanced resolution products provide based on the microwave-optical (SMOS/ERA5/MODIS) or the active−passive microwave (SMAP/Sentinel-1) sensor fusion. Our results show overall agreement among time series of the products regardless their spatial scale when compared to in situ measurements. Still, higher spatial resolutions would be needed to capture local features such as small irrigated areas that are not dominant at the 1-km pixel scale. The degree to which spatial features are resolved by the enhanced resolution products depend on the multi-sensor synergies employed (at T<sub<B</sub< or soil moisture level), and on the nature of the fine-scale information used. The largest disparities between these products occur in forested areas, which may be related to the reduced sensitivity of high-resolution active microwave and optical data to soil properties under dense vegetation.
abstract_unstemmed	In the last decade, technological advances led to the launch of two satellite missions dedicated to measure the Earth’s surface soil moisture (SSM): the ESA’s Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) launched in 2009, and the NASA’s Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) launched in 2015. The two satellites have an L-band microwave radiometer on-board to measure the Earth’s surface emission. These measurements (brightness temperatures T<sub<B</sub<) are then used to generate global maps of SSM every three days with a spatial resolution of about 30−40 km and a target accuracy of 0.04 m<sup<3</sup</m<sup<3</sup<. To meet local applications needs, different approaches have been proposed to spatially disaggregate SMOS and SMAP T<sub<B</sub< or their SSM products. They rely on synergies between multi-sensor observations and are built upon different physical assumptions. In this study, temporal and spatial characteristics of six operational SSM products derived from SMOS and SMAP are assessed in order to diagnose their distinct features, and the rationale behind them. The study is focused on the Iberian Peninsula and covers the period from April 2015 to December 2017. A temporal inter-comparison analysis is carried out using in situ SSM data from the Soil Moisture Measurements Station Network of the University of Salamanca (REMEDHUS) to evaluate the impact of the spatial scale of the different products (1, 3, 9, 25, and 36 km), and their correspondence in terms of temporal dynamics. A spatial analysis is conducted for the whole Iberian Peninsula with emphasis on the added-value that the enhanced resolution products provide based on the microwave-optical (SMOS/ERA5/MODIS) or the active−passive microwave (SMAP/Sentinel-1) sensor fusion. Our results show overall agreement among time series of the products regardless their spatial scale when compared to in situ measurements. Still, higher spatial resolutions would be needed to capture local features such as small irrigated areas that are not dominant at the 1-km pixel scale. The degree to which spatial features are resolved by the enhanced resolution products depend on the multi-sensor synergies employed (at T<sub<B</sub< or soil moisture level), and on the nature of the fine-scale information used. The largest disparities between these products occur in forested areas, which may be related to the reduced sensitivity of high-resolution active microwave and optical data to soil properties under dense vegetation.
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title_short	Assessment of Multi-Scale SMOS and SMAP Soil Moisture Products across the Iberian Peninsula
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author2	Thomas Jagdhuber Mercè Vall-llossera Adriano Camps Miriam Pablos Dara Entekhabi Maria Piles
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