Isometric Handgrip Exercise Training Improves Spirometric Parameters and Pulmonary Capacity

Decline in normal physiological pulmonary function has been attributed to premorbid conditions such as prehypertension. Research evidence suggests that physical activity reduces age-related decline in pulmonary function and improves the efficiency of the lungs in prehypertensive patients. However, there is a scarcity of data evidence relating to isometric exercise and pulmonary function. Furthermore, the interrelationship between the intensity and duration of isometric exercise and pulmonary function in these patients is still uncertain. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the effect of isometric handgrip exercise on pulmonary function capacity in adults with prehypertension. To determine the effectiveness of isometric handgrip exercise on pulmonary function capacity in adults with prehypertension. A quasi experiment using a pre- and post-exercise method was carried out in two out-patients hospital settings. The sample comprised 192 sedentary pre-hypertensive subjects, aged between 30–50 years, that were randomly distributed into three groups of 64 participants each. The subjects performed, for 24 consecutive days, an isometric handgrip exercise at 30% Maximum Voluntary Contraction (M.V.C.). At the end of the 24 days, group one (GP1) discontinued, while group two (GP2) continued the exercise protocol for another 24 consecutive days and group three (GP3) continued with the exercise protocol for another 24 consecutive days but at 50% M.V.C. Determinants of lung function (outcomes) were Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s (FEV1), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC Ratio and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR). The study shows that there was no statistically significant difference in the pre- and post-exercise outcomes for FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC Ratio and PEFR after 24 days for group 1. In group 2, there was a statistically significant difference in the FVC [(mean = 0.12 ± 0.12), (<i<p</i< = 0.002)], FEV1 [(mean = 0.15 ± 0.17), (<i<p</i< = 0.003)] and PEF [(mean = 0.85 ± 0.35), (<i<p</i< = 0.001)] after 48 days. In group 3, there was a statistically significant difference (<i<p</i< = 0.001) in all the outcomes assessed after 48 days. There was a between groups difference in favour of group 2 compared with group 1 for outcomes of FEV1 [(mean = 0.142 ± 0.68), (<i<p</i< = 0.005)] and PEF [(mean = 0.83 ± 0.19), (<i<p</i< = 0.0031)]. There was statistically significant difference in favour of group 3 compared to group 2, by increasing the exercise intensity from 30% to 50% M.V.C., for outcomes of FVC [mean change = 0.10 ± 0.052), (<i<p</i< = 0.005)], FEV1/FVC [mean change = 3.18 ± 0.75), (<i<p</i< = 0.017)] and PEF [(mean change = 0.86 ± 0.35), (<i<p</i< = 0.001)] after 48 days. Isometric handgrip exercise (after 48 days at 30% to 50% M.V.C.) improves outcomes of pulmonary function capacity in adults with prehypertension. Meanwhile, duration and/or increase in intensity of the isometric effort significantly contributed to the affects attained. Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Ogbutor Udoji Godsday [verfasserIn] Nwangwa Eze Kingsley [verfasserIn] Nwogueze Bartholomew Chukwuebuka [verfasserIn] Chukwuemeka Ephraim [verfasserIn] Ezunu Emmanuel [verfasserIn] Agbonifo-Chijiokwu Ejime [verfasserIn] Igweh John Chukwuka [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2021

Schlagwörter:	prehypertension isometric handgrip exercise training maximum voluntary contraction spirometry

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Pathophysiology - MDPI AG, 2021, 28(2021), 3, Seite 328-338
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:28 ; year:2021 ; number:3 ; pages:328-338

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/pathophysiology28030022

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ015012425

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520			\|a Decline in normal physiological pulmonary function has been attributed to premorbid conditions such as prehypertension. Research evidence suggests that physical activity reduces age-related decline in pulmonary function and improves the efficiency of the lungs in prehypertensive patients. However, there is a scarcity of data evidence relating to isometric exercise and pulmonary function. Furthermore, the interrelationship between the intensity and duration of isometric exercise and pulmonary function in these patients is still uncertain. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the effect of isometric handgrip exercise on pulmonary function capacity in adults with prehypertension. To determine the effectiveness of isometric handgrip exercise on pulmonary function capacity in adults with prehypertension. A quasi experiment using a pre- and post-exercise method was carried out in two out-patients hospital settings. The sample comprised 192 sedentary pre-hypertensive subjects, aged between 30–50 years, that were randomly distributed into three groups of 64 participants each. The subjects performed, for 24 consecutive days, an isometric handgrip exercise at 30% Maximum Voluntary Contraction (M.V.C.). At the end of the 24 days, group one (GP1) discontinued, while group two (GP2) continued the exercise protocol for another 24 consecutive days and group three (GP3) continued with the exercise protocol for another 24 consecutive days but at 50% M.V.C. Determinants of lung function (outcomes) were Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s (FEV1), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC Ratio and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR). The study shows that there was no statistically significant difference in the pre- and post-exercise outcomes for FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC Ratio and PEFR after 24 days for group 1. In group 2, there was a statistically significant difference in the FVC [(mean = 0.12 ± 0.12), (<i<p</i< = 0.002)], FEV1 [(mean = 0.15 ± 0.17), (<i<p</i< = 0.003)] and PEF [(mean = 0.85 ± 0.35), (<i<p</i< = 0.001)] after 48 days. In group 3, there was a statistically significant difference (<i<p</i< = 0.001) in all the outcomes assessed after 48 days. There was a between groups difference in favour of group 2 compared with group 1 for outcomes of FEV1 [(mean = 0.142 ± 0.68), (<i<p</i< = 0.005)] and PEF [(mean = 0.83 ± 0.19), (<i<p</i< = 0.0031)]. There was statistically significant difference in favour of group 3 compared to group 2, by increasing the exercise intensity from 30% to 50% M.V.C., for outcomes of FVC [mean change = 0.10 ± 0.052), (<i<p</i< = 0.005)], FEV1/FVC [mean change = 3.18 ± 0.75), (<i<p</i< = 0.017)] and PEF [(mean change = 0.86 ± 0.35), (<i<p</i< = 0.001)] after 48 days. Isometric handgrip exercise (after 48 days at 30% to 50% M.V.C.) improves outcomes of pulmonary function capacity in adults with prehypertension. Meanwhile, duration and/or increase in intensity of the isometric effort significantly contributed to the affects attained.
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allfields	10.3390/pathophysiology28030022 doi (DE-627)DOAJ015012425 (DE-599)DOAJ6b63331f07d14209a5f5aa94a4116acd DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QP1-981 Ogbutor Udoji Godsday verfasserin aut Isometric Handgrip Exercise Training Improves Spirometric Parameters and Pulmonary Capacity 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Decline in normal physiological pulmonary function has been attributed to premorbid conditions such as prehypertension. Research evidence suggests that physical activity reduces age-related decline in pulmonary function and improves the efficiency of the lungs in prehypertensive patients. However, there is a scarcity of data evidence relating to isometric exercise and pulmonary function. Furthermore, the interrelationship between the intensity and duration of isometric exercise and pulmonary function in these patients is still uncertain. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the effect of isometric handgrip exercise on pulmonary function capacity in adults with prehypertension. To determine the effectiveness of isometric handgrip exercise on pulmonary function capacity in adults with prehypertension. A quasi experiment using a pre- and post-exercise method was carried out in two out-patients hospital settings. The sample comprised 192 sedentary pre-hypertensive subjects, aged between 30–50 years, that were randomly distributed into three groups of 64 participants each. The subjects performed, for 24 consecutive days, an isometric handgrip exercise at 30% Maximum Voluntary Contraction (M.V.C.). At the end of the 24 days, group one (GP1) discontinued, while group two (GP2) continued the exercise protocol for another 24 consecutive days and group three (GP3) continued with the exercise protocol for another 24 consecutive days but at 50% M.V.C. Determinants of lung function (outcomes) were Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s (FEV1), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC Ratio and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR). The study shows that there was no statistically significant difference in the pre- and post-exercise outcomes for FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC Ratio and PEFR after 24 days for group 1. In group 2, there was a statistically significant difference in the FVC [(mean = 0.12 ± 0.12), (<i<p</i< = 0.002)], FEV1 [(mean = 0.15 ± 0.17), (<i<p</i< = 0.003)] and PEF [(mean = 0.85 ± 0.35), (<i<p</i< = 0.001)] after 48 days. In group 3, there was a statistically significant difference (<i<p</i< = 0.001) in all the outcomes assessed after 48 days. There was a between groups difference in favour of group 2 compared with group 1 for outcomes of FEV1 [(mean = 0.142 ± 0.68), (<i<p</i< = 0.005)] and PEF [(mean = 0.83 ± 0.19), (<i<p</i< = 0.0031)]. There was statistically significant difference in favour of group 3 compared to group 2, by increasing the exercise intensity from 30% to 50% M.V.C., for outcomes of FVC [mean change = 0.10 ± 0.052), (<i<p</i< = 0.005)], FEV1/FVC [mean change = 3.18 ± 0.75), (<i<p</i< = 0.017)] and PEF [(mean change = 0.86 ± 0.35), (<i<p</i< = 0.001)] after 48 days. Isometric handgrip exercise (after 48 days at 30% to 50% M.V.C.) improves outcomes of pulmonary function capacity in adults with prehypertension. Meanwhile, duration and/or increase in intensity of the isometric effort significantly contributed to the affects attained. prehypertension isometric handgrip exercise training maximum voluntary contraction spirometry Physiology Nwangwa Eze Kingsley verfasserin aut Nwogueze Bartholomew Chukwuebuka verfasserin aut Chukwuemeka Ephraim verfasserin aut Ezunu Emmanuel verfasserin aut Agbonifo-Chijiokwu Ejime verfasserin aut Igweh John Chukwuka verfasserin aut In Pathophysiology MDPI AG, 2021 28(2021), 3, Seite 328-338 (DE-627)324826273 (DE-600)2031212-X 1873149X nnns volume:28 year:2021 number:3 pages:328-338 https://doi.org/10.3390/pathophysiology28030022 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/6b63331f07d14209a5f5aa94a4116acd kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1873-149X/28/3/22 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1873-149X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_165 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 28 2021 3 328-338
spelling	10.3390/pathophysiology28030022 doi (DE-627)DOAJ015012425 (DE-599)DOAJ6b63331f07d14209a5f5aa94a4116acd DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QP1-981 Ogbutor Udoji Godsday verfasserin aut Isometric Handgrip Exercise Training Improves Spirometric Parameters and Pulmonary Capacity 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Decline in normal physiological pulmonary function has been attributed to premorbid conditions such as prehypertension. Research evidence suggests that physical activity reduces age-related decline in pulmonary function and improves the efficiency of the lungs in prehypertensive patients. However, there is a scarcity of data evidence relating to isometric exercise and pulmonary function. Furthermore, the interrelationship between the intensity and duration of isometric exercise and pulmonary function in these patients is still uncertain. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the effect of isometric handgrip exercise on pulmonary function capacity in adults with prehypertension. To determine the effectiveness of isometric handgrip exercise on pulmonary function capacity in adults with prehypertension. A quasi experiment using a pre- and post-exercise method was carried out in two out-patients hospital settings. The sample comprised 192 sedentary pre-hypertensive subjects, aged between 30–50 years, that were randomly distributed into three groups of 64 participants each. The subjects performed, for 24 consecutive days, an isometric handgrip exercise at 30% Maximum Voluntary Contraction (M.V.C.). At the end of the 24 days, group one (GP1) discontinued, while group two (GP2) continued the exercise protocol for another 24 consecutive days and group three (GP3) continued with the exercise protocol for another 24 consecutive days but at 50% M.V.C. Determinants of lung function (outcomes) were Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s (FEV1), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC Ratio and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR). The study shows that there was no statistically significant difference in the pre- and post-exercise outcomes for FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC Ratio and PEFR after 24 days for group 1. In group 2, there was a statistically significant difference in the FVC [(mean = 0.12 ± 0.12), (<i<p</i< = 0.002)], FEV1 [(mean = 0.15 ± 0.17), (<i<p</i< = 0.003)] and PEF [(mean = 0.85 ± 0.35), (<i<p</i< = 0.001)] after 48 days. In group 3, there was a statistically significant difference (<i<p</i< = 0.001) in all the outcomes assessed after 48 days. There was a between groups difference in favour of group 2 compared with group 1 for outcomes of FEV1 [(mean = 0.142 ± 0.68), (<i<p</i< = 0.005)] and PEF [(mean = 0.83 ± 0.19), (<i<p</i< = 0.0031)]. There was statistically significant difference in favour of group 3 compared to group 2, by increasing the exercise intensity from 30% to 50% M.V.C., for outcomes of FVC [mean change = 0.10 ± 0.052), (<i<p</i< = 0.005)], FEV1/FVC [mean change = 3.18 ± 0.75), (<i<p</i< = 0.017)] and PEF [(mean change = 0.86 ± 0.35), (<i<p</i< = 0.001)] after 48 days. Isometric handgrip exercise (after 48 days at 30% to 50% M.V.C.) improves outcomes of pulmonary function capacity in adults with prehypertension. Meanwhile, duration and/or increase in intensity of the isometric effort significantly contributed to the affects attained. prehypertension isometric handgrip exercise training maximum voluntary contraction spirometry Physiology Nwangwa Eze Kingsley verfasserin aut Nwogueze Bartholomew Chukwuebuka verfasserin aut Chukwuemeka Ephraim verfasserin aut Ezunu Emmanuel verfasserin aut Agbonifo-Chijiokwu Ejime verfasserin aut Igweh John Chukwuka verfasserin aut In Pathophysiology MDPI AG, 2021 28(2021), 3, Seite 328-338 (DE-627)324826273 (DE-600)2031212-X 1873149X nnns volume:28 year:2021 number:3 pages:328-338 https://doi.org/10.3390/pathophysiology28030022 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/6b63331f07d14209a5f5aa94a4116acd kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1873-149X/28/3/22 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1873-149X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_165 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 28 2021 3 328-338
allfields_unstemmed	10.3390/pathophysiology28030022 doi (DE-627)DOAJ015012425 (DE-599)DOAJ6b63331f07d14209a5f5aa94a4116acd DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QP1-981 Ogbutor Udoji Godsday verfasserin aut Isometric Handgrip Exercise Training Improves Spirometric Parameters and Pulmonary Capacity 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Decline in normal physiological pulmonary function has been attributed to premorbid conditions such as prehypertension. Research evidence suggests that physical activity reduces age-related decline in pulmonary function and improves the efficiency of the lungs in prehypertensive patients. However, there is a scarcity of data evidence relating to isometric exercise and pulmonary function. Furthermore, the interrelationship between the intensity and duration of isometric exercise and pulmonary function in these patients is still uncertain. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the effect of isometric handgrip exercise on pulmonary function capacity in adults with prehypertension. To determine the effectiveness of isometric handgrip exercise on pulmonary function capacity in adults with prehypertension. A quasi experiment using a pre- and post-exercise method was carried out in two out-patients hospital settings. The sample comprised 192 sedentary pre-hypertensive subjects, aged between 30–50 years, that were randomly distributed into three groups of 64 participants each. The subjects performed, for 24 consecutive days, an isometric handgrip exercise at 30% Maximum Voluntary Contraction (M.V.C.). At the end of the 24 days, group one (GP1) discontinued, while group two (GP2) continued the exercise protocol for another 24 consecutive days and group three (GP3) continued with the exercise protocol for another 24 consecutive days but at 50% M.V.C. Determinants of lung function (outcomes) were Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s (FEV1), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC Ratio and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR). The study shows that there was no statistically significant difference in the pre- and post-exercise outcomes for FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC Ratio and PEFR after 24 days for group 1. In group 2, there was a statistically significant difference in the FVC [(mean = 0.12 ± 0.12), (<i<p</i< = 0.002)], FEV1 [(mean = 0.15 ± 0.17), (<i<p</i< = 0.003)] and PEF [(mean = 0.85 ± 0.35), (<i<p</i< = 0.001)] after 48 days. In group 3, there was a statistically significant difference (<i<p</i< = 0.001) in all the outcomes assessed after 48 days. There was a between groups difference in favour of group 2 compared with group 1 for outcomes of FEV1 [(mean = 0.142 ± 0.68), (<i<p</i< = 0.005)] and PEF [(mean = 0.83 ± 0.19), (<i<p</i< = 0.0031)]. There was statistically significant difference in favour of group 3 compared to group 2, by increasing the exercise intensity from 30% to 50% M.V.C., for outcomes of FVC [mean change = 0.10 ± 0.052), (<i<p</i< = 0.005)], FEV1/FVC [mean change = 3.18 ± 0.75), (<i<p</i< = 0.017)] and PEF [(mean change = 0.86 ± 0.35), (<i<p</i< = 0.001)] after 48 days. Isometric handgrip exercise (after 48 days at 30% to 50% M.V.C.) improves outcomes of pulmonary function capacity in adults with prehypertension. Meanwhile, duration and/or increase in intensity of the isometric effort significantly contributed to the affects attained. prehypertension isometric handgrip exercise training maximum voluntary contraction spirometry Physiology Nwangwa Eze Kingsley verfasserin aut Nwogueze Bartholomew Chukwuebuka verfasserin aut Chukwuemeka Ephraim verfasserin aut Ezunu Emmanuel verfasserin aut Agbonifo-Chijiokwu Ejime verfasserin aut Igweh John Chukwuka verfasserin aut In Pathophysiology MDPI AG, 2021 28(2021), 3, Seite 328-338 (DE-627)324826273 (DE-600)2031212-X 1873149X nnns volume:28 year:2021 number:3 pages:328-338 https://doi.org/10.3390/pathophysiology28030022 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/6b63331f07d14209a5f5aa94a4116acd kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1873-149X/28/3/22 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1873-149X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_165 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 28 2021 3 328-338
allfieldsGer	10.3390/pathophysiology28030022 doi (DE-627)DOAJ015012425 (DE-599)DOAJ6b63331f07d14209a5f5aa94a4116acd DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QP1-981 Ogbutor Udoji Godsday verfasserin aut Isometric Handgrip Exercise Training Improves Spirometric Parameters and Pulmonary Capacity 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Decline in normal physiological pulmonary function has been attributed to premorbid conditions such as prehypertension. Research evidence suggests that physical activity reduces age-related decline in pulmonary function and improves the efficiency of the lungs in prehypertensive patients. However, there is a scarcity of data evidence relating to isometric exercise and pulmonary function. Furthermore, the interrelationship between the intensity and duration of isometric exercise and pulmonary function in these patients is still uncertain. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the effect of isometric handgrip exercise on pulmonary function capacity in adults with prehypertension. To determine the effectiveness of isometric handgrip exercise on pulmonary function capacity in adults with prehypertension. A quasi experiment using a pre- and post-exercise method was carried out in two out-patients hospital settings. The sample comprised 192 sedentary pre-hypertensive subjects, aged between 30–50 years, that were randomly distributed into three groups of 64 participants each. The subjects performed, for 24 consecutive days, an isometric handgrip exercise at 30% Maximum Voluntary Contraction (M.V.C.). At the end of the 24 days, group one (GP1) discontinued, while group two (GP2) continued the exercise protocol for another 24 consecutive days and group three (GP3) continued with the exercise protocol for another 24 consecutive days but at 50% M.V.C. Determinants of lung function (outcomes) were Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s (FEV1), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC Ratio and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR). The study shows that there was no statistically significant difference in the pre- and post-exercise outcomes for FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC Ratio and PEFR after 24 days for group 1. In group 2, there was a statistically significant difference in the FVC [(mean = 0.12 ± 0.12), (<i<p</i< = 0.002)], FEV1 [(mean = 0.15 ± 0.17), (<i<p</i< = 0.003)] and PEF [(mean = 0.85 ± 0.35), (<i<p</i< = 0.001)] after 48 days. In group 3, there was a statistically significant difference (<i<p</i< = 0.001) in all the outcomes assessed after 48 days. There was a between groups difference in favour of group 2 compared with group 1 for outcomes of FEV1 [(mean = 0.142 ± 0.68), (<i<p</i< = 0.005)] and PEF [(mean = 0.83 ± 0.19), (<i<p</i< = 0.0031)]. There was statistically significant difference in favour of group 3 compared to group 2, by increasing the exercise intensity from 30% to 50% M.V.C., for outcomes of FVC [mean change = 0.10 ± 0.052), (<i<p</i< = 0.005)], FEV1/FVC [mean change = 3.18 ± 0.75), (<i<p</i< = 0.017)] and PEF [(mean change = 0.86 ± 0.35), (<i<p</i< = 0.001)] after 48 days. Isometric handgrip exercise (after 48 days at 30% to 50% M.V.C.) improves outcomes of pulmonary function capacity in adults with prehypertension. Meanwhile, duration and/or increase in intensity of the isometric effort significantly contributed to the affects attained. prehypertension isometric handgrip exercise training maximum voluntary contraction spirometry Physiology Nwangwa Eze Kingsley verfasserin aut Nwogueze Bartholomew Chukwuebuka verfasserin aut Chukwuemeka Ephraim verfasserin aut Ezunu Emmanuel verfasserin aut Agbonifo-Chijiokwu Ejime verfasserin aut Igweh John Chukwuka verfasserin aut In Pathophysiology MDPI AG, 2021 28(2021), 3, Seite 328-338 (DE-627)324826273 (DE-600)2031212-X 1873149X nnns volume:28 year:2021 number:3 pages:328-338 https://doi.org/10.3390/pathophysiology28030022 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/6b63331f07d14209a5f5aa94a4116acd kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1873-149X/28/3/22 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1873-149X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_165 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 28 2021 3 328-338
allfieldsSound	10.3390/pathophysiology28030022 doi (DE-627)DOAJ015012425 (DE-599)DOAJ6b63331f07d14209a5f5aa94a4116acd DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QP1-981 Ogbutor Udoji Godsday verfasserin aut Isometric Handgrip Exercise Training Improves Spirometric Parameters and Pulmonary Capacity 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Decline in normal physiological pulmonary function has been attributed to premorbid conditions such as prehypertension. Research evidence suggests that physical activity reduces age-related decline in pulmonary function and improves the efficiency of the lungs in prehypertensive patients. However, there is a scarcity of data evidence relating to isometric exercise and pulmonary function. Furthermore, the interrelationship between the intensity and duration of isometric exercise and pulmonary function in these patients is still uncertain. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the effect of isometric handgrip exercise on pulmonary function capacity in adults with prehypertension. To determine the effectiveness of isometric handgrip exercise on pulmonary function capacity in adults with prehypertension. A quasi experiment using a pre- and post-exercise method was carried out in two out-patients hospital settings. The sample comprised 192 sedentary pre-hypertensive subjects, aged between 30–50 years, that were randomly distributed into three groups of 64 participants each. The subjects performed, for 24 consecutive days, an isometric handgrip exercise at 30% Maximum Voluntary Contraction (M.V.C.). At the end of the 24 days, group one (GP1) discontinued, while group two (GP2) continued the exercise protocol for another 24 consecutive days and group three (GP3) continued with the exercise protocol for another 24 consecutive days but at 50% M.V.C. Determinants of lung function (outcomes) were Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s (FEV1), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC Ratio and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR). The study shows that there was no statistically significant difference in the pre- and post-exercise outcomes for FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC Ratio and PEFR after 24 days for group 1. In group 2, there was a statistically significant difference in the FVC [(mean = 0.12 ± 0.12), (<i<p</i< = 0.002)], FEV1 [(mean = 0.15 ± 0.17), (<i<p</i< = 0.003)] and PEF [(mean = 0.85 ± 0.35), (<i<p</i< = 0.001)] after 48 days. In group 3, there was a statistically significant difference (<i<p</i< = 0.001) in all the outcomes assessed after 48 days. There was a between groups difference in favour of group 2 compared with group 1 for outcomes of FEV1 [(mean = 0.142 ± 0.68), (<i<p</i< = 0.005)] and PEF [(mean = 0.83 ± 0.19), (<i<p</i< = 0.0031)]. There was statistically significant difference in favour of group 3 compared to group 2, by increasing the exercise intensity from 30% to 50% M.V.C., for outcomes of FVC [mean change = 0.10 ± 0.052), (<i<p</i< = 0.005)], FEV1/FVC [mean change = 3.18 ± 0.75), (<i<p</i< = 0.017)] and PEF [(mean change = 0.86 ± 0.35), (<i<p</i< = 0.001)] after 48 days. Isometric handgrip exercise (after 48 days at 30% to 50% M.V.C.) improves outcomes of pulmonary function capacity in adults with prehypertension. Meanwhile, duration and/or increase in intensity of the isometric effort significantly contributed to the affects attained. prehypertension isometric handgrip exercise training maximum voluntary contraction spirometry Physiology Nwangwa Eze Kingsley verfasserin aut Nwogueze Bartholomew Chukwuebuka verfasserin aut Chukwuemeka Ephraim verfasserin aut Ezunu Emmanuel verfasserin aut Agbonifo-Chijiokwu Ejime verfasserin aut Igweh John Chukwuka verfasserin aut In Pathophysiology MDPI AG, 2021 28(2021), 3, Seite 328-338 (DE-627)324826273 (DE-600)2031212-X 1873149X nnns volume:28 year:2021 number:3 pages:328-338 https://doi.org/10.3390/pathophysiology28030022 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/6b63331f07d14209a5f5aa94a4116acd kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1873-149X/28/3/22 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1873-149X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_165 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 28 2021 3 328-338
language	English
source	In Pathophysiology 28(2021), 3, Seite 328-338 volume:28 year:2021 number:3 pages:328-338
sourceStr	In Pathophysiology 28(2021), 3, Seite 328-338 volume:28 year:2021 number:3 pages:328-338
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	prehypertension isometric handgrip exercise training maximum voluntary contraction spirometry Physiology
isfreeaccess_bool	true
container_title	Pathophysiology
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Ogbutor Udoji Godsday @@aut@@ Nwangwa Eze Kingsley @@aut@@ Nwogueze Bartholomew Chukwuebuka @@aut@@ Chukwuemeka Ephraim @@aut@@ Ezunu Emmanuel @@aut@@ Agbonifo-Chijiokwu Ejime @@aut@@ Igweh John Chukwuka @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	324826273
id	DOAJ015012425
language_de	englisch
fullrecord	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01000caa a22002652 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">DOAJ015012425</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-627</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20240412141750.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">230226s2021 xx \|\|\|\|\|o 00\| \|\|eng c</controlfield><datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.3390/pathophysiology28030022</subfield><subfield code="2">doi</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-627)DOAJ015012425</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)DOAJ6b63331f07d14209a5f5aa94a4116acd</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="c">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="050" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">QP1-981</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Ogbutor Udoji Godsday</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Isometric Handgrip Exercise Training Improves Spirometric Parameters and Pulmonary Capacity</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2021</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Computermedien</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Online-Ressource</subfield><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Decline in normal physiological pulmonary function has been attributed to premorbid conditions such as prehypertension. Research evidence suggests that physical activity reduces age-related decline in pulmonary function and improves the efficiency of the lungs in prehypertensive patients. However, there is a scarcity of data evidence relating to isometric exercise and pulmonary function. Furthermore, the interrelationship between the intensity and duration of isometric exercise and pulmonary function in these patients is still uncertain. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the effect of isometric handgrip exercise on pulmonary function capacity in adults with prehypertension. To determine the effectiveness of isometric handgrip exercise on pulmonary function capacity in adults with prehypertension. A quasi experiment using a pre- and post-exercise method was carried out in two out-patients hospital settings. The sample comprised 192 sedentary pre-hypertensive subjects, aged between 30–50 years, that were randomly distributed into three groups of 64 participants each. The subjects performed, for 24 consecutive days, an isometric handgrip exercise at 30% Maximum Voluntary Contraction (M.V.C.). At the end of the 24 days, group one (GP1) discontinued, while group two (GP2) continued the exercise protocol for another 24 consecutive days and group three (GP3) continued with the exercise protocol for another 24 consecutive days but at 50% M.V.C. Determinants of lung function (outcomes) were Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s (FEV1), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC Ratio and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR). The study shows that there was no statistically significant difference in the pre- and post-exercise outcomes for FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC Ratio and PEFR after 24 days for group 1. In group 2, there was a statistically significant difference in the FVC [(mean = 0.12 ± 0.12), (<i<p</i< = 0.002)], FEV1 [(mean = 0.15 ± 0.17), (<i<p</i< = 0.003)] and PEF [(mean = 0.85 ± 0.35), (<i<p</i< = 0.001)] after 48 days. 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author	Ogbutor Udoji Godsday
spellingShingle	Ogbutor Udoji Godsday misc QP1-981 misc prehypertension misc isometric handgrip exercise misc training misc maximum voluntary contraction misc spirometry misc Physiology Isometric Handgrip Exercise Training Improves Spirometric Parameters and Pulmonary Capacity
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topic_title	QP1-981 Isometric Handgrip Exercise Training Improves Spirometric Parameters and Pulmonary Capacity prehypertension isometric handgrip exercise training maximum voluntary contraction spirometry
topic	misc QP1-981 misc prehypertension misc isometric handgrip exercise misc training misc maximum voluntary contraction misc spirometry misc Physiology
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title	Isometric Handgrip Exercise Training Improves Spirometric Parameters and Pulmonary Capacity
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author_browse	Ogbutor Udoji Godsday Nwangwa Eze Kingsley Nwogueze Bartholomew Chukwuebuka Chukwuemeka Ephraim Ezunu Emmanuel Agbonifo-Chijiokwu Ejime Igweh John Chukwuka
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title_sort	isometric handgrip exercise training improves spirometric parameters and pulmonary capacity
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title_auth	Isometric Handgrip Exercise Training Improves Spirometric Parameters and Pulmonary Capacity
abstract	Decline in normal physiological pulmonary function has been attributed to premorbid conditions such as prehypertension. Research evidence suggests that physical activity reduces age-related decline in pulmonary function and improves the efficiency of the lungs in prehypertensive patients. However, there is a scarcity of data evidence relating to isometric exercise and pulmonary function. Furthermore, the interrelationship between the intensity and duration of isometric exercise and pulmonary function in these patients is still uncertain. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the effect of isometric handgrip exercise on pulmonary function capacity in adults with prehypertension. To determine the effectiveness of isometric handgrip exercise on pulmonary function capacity in adults with prehypertension. A quasi experiment using a pre- and post-exercise method was carried out in two out-patients hospital settings. The sample comprised 192 sedentary pre-hypertensive subjects, aged between 30–50 years, that were randomly distributed into three groups of 64 participants each. The subjects performed, for 24 consecutive days, an isometric handgrip exercise at 30% Maximum Voluntary Contraction (M.V.C.). At the end of the 24 days, group one (GP1) discontinued, while group two (GP2) continued the exercise protocol for another 24 consecutive days and group three (GP3) continued with the exercise protocol for another 24 consecutive days but at 50% M.V.C. Determinants of lung function (outcomes) were Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s (FEV1), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC Ratio and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR). The study shows that there was no statistically significant difference in the pre- and post-exercise outcomes for FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC Ratio and PEFR after 24 days for group 1. In group 2, there was a statistically significant difference in the FVC [(mean = 0.12 ± 0.12), (<i<p</i< = 0.002)], FEV1 [(mean = 0.15 ± 0.17), (<i<p</i< = 0.003)] and PEF [(mean = 0.85 ± 0.35), (<i<p</i< = 0.001)] after 48 days. In group 3, there was a statistically significant difference (<i<p</i< = 0.001) in all the outcomes assessed after 48 days. There was a between groups difference in favour of group 2 compared with group 1 for outcomes of FEV1 [(mean = 0.142 ± 0.68), (<i<p</i< = 0.005)] and PEF [(mean = 0.83 ± 0.19), (<i<p</i< = 0.0031)]. There was statistically significant difference in favour of group 3 compared to group 2, by increasing the exercise intensity from 30% to 50% M.V.C., for outcomes of FVC [mean change = 0.10 ± 0.052), (<i<p</i< = 0.005)], FEV1/FVC [mean change = 3.18 ± 0.75), (<i<p</i< = 0.017)] and PEF [(mean change = 0.86 ± 0.35), (<i<p</i< = 0.001)] after 48 days. Isometric handgrip exercise (after 48 days at 30% to 50% M.V.C.) improves outcomes of pulmonary function capacity in adults with prehypertension. Meanwhile, duration and/or increase in intensity of the isometric effort significantly contributed to the affects attained.
abstractGer	Decline in normal physiological pulmonary function has been attributed to premorbid conditions such as prehypertension. Research evidence suggests that physical activity reduces age-related decline in pulmonary function and improves the efficiency of the lungs in prehypertensive patients. However, there is a scarcity of data evidence relating to isometric exercise and pulmonary function. Furthermore, the interrelationship between the intensity and duration of isometric exercise and pulmonary function in these patients is still uncertain. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the effect of isometric handgrip exercise on pulmonary function capacity in adults with prehypertension. To determine the effectiveness of isometric handgrip exercise on pulmonary function capacity in adults with prehypertension. A quasi experiment using a pre- and post-exercise method was carried out in two out-patients hospital settings. The sample comprised 192 sedentary pre-hypertensive subjects, aged between 30–50 years, that were randomly distributed into three groups of 64 participants each. The subjects performed, for 24 consecutive days, an isometric handgrip exercise at 30% Maximum Voluntary Contraction (M.V.C.). At the end of the 24 days, group one (GP1) discontinued, while group two (GP2) continued the exercise protocol for another 24 consecutive days and group three (GP3) continued with the exercise protocol for another 24 consecutive days but at 50% M.V.C. Determinants of lung function (outcomes) were Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s (FEV1), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC Ratio and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR). The study shows that there was no statistically significant difference in the pre- and post-exercise outcomes for FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC Ratio and PEFR after 24 days for group 1. In group 2, there was a statistically significant difference in the FVC [(mean = 0.12 ± 0.12), (<i<p</i< = 0.002)], FEV1 [(mean = 0.15 ± 0.17), (<i<p</i< = 0.003)] and PEF [(mean = 0.85 ± 0.35), (<i<p</i< = 0.001)] after 48 days. In group 3, there was a statistically significant difference (<i<p</i< = 0.001) in all the outcomes assessed after 48 days. There was a between groups difference in favour of group 2 compared with group 1 for outcomes of FEV1 [(mean = 0.142 ± 0.68), (<i<p</i< = 0.005)] and PEF [(mean = 0.83 ± 0.19), (<i<p</i< = 0.0031)]. There was statistically significant difference in favour of group 3 compared to group 2, by increasing the exercise intensity from 30% to 50% M.V.C., for outcomes of FVC [mean change = 0.10 ± 0.052), (<i<p</i< = 0.005)], FEV1/FVC [mean change = 3.18 ± 0.75), (<i<p</i< = 0.017)] and PEF [(mean change = 0.86 ± 0.35), (<i<p</i< = 0.001)] after 48 days. Isometric handgrip exercise (after 48 days at 30% to 50% M.V.C.) improves outcomes of pulmonary function capacity in adults with prehypertension. Meanwhile, duration and/or increase in intensity of the isometric effort significantly contributed to the affects attained.
abstract_unstemmed	Decline in normal physiological pulmonary function has been attributed to premorbid conditions such as prehypertension. Research evidence suggests that physical activity reduces age-related decline in pulmonary function and improves the efficiency of the lungs in prehypertensive patients. However, there is a scarcity of data evidence relating to isometric exercise and pulmonary function. Furthermore, the interrelationship between the intensity and duration of isometric exercise and pulmonary function in these patients is still uncertain. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the effect of isometric handgrip exercise on pulmonary function capacity in adults with prehypertension. To determine the effectiveness of isometric handgrip exercise on pulmonary function capacity in adults with prehypertension. A quasi experiment using a pre- and post-exercise method was carried out in two out-patients hospital settings. The sample comprised 192 sedentary pre-hypertensive subjects, aged between 30–50 years, that were randomly distributed into three groups of 64 participants each. The subjects performed, for 24 consecutive days, an isometric handgrip exercise at 30% Maximum Voluntary Contraction (M.V.C.). At the end of the 24 days, group one (GP1) discontinued, while group two (GP2) continued the exercise protocol for another 24 consecutive days and group three (GP3) continued with the exercise protocol for another 24 consecutive days but at 50% M.V.C. Determinants of lung function (outcomes) were Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s (FEV1), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC Ratio and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR). The study shows that there was no statistically significant difference in the pre- and post-exercise outcomes for FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC Ratio and PEFR after 24 days for group 1. In group 2, there was a statistically significant difference in the FVC [(mean = 0.12 ± 0.12), (<i<p</i< = 0.002)], FEV1 [(mean = 0.15 ± 0.17), (<i<p</i< = 0.003)] and PEF [(mean = 0.85 ± 0.35), (<i<p</i< = 0.001)] after 48 days. In group 3, there was a statistically significant difference (<i<p</i< = 0.001) in all the outcomes assessed after 48 days. There was a between groups difference in favour of group 2 compared with group 1 for outcomes of FEV1 [(mean = 0.142 ± 0.68), (<i<p</i< = 0.005)] and PEF [(mean = 0.83 ± 0.19), (<i<p</i< = 0.0031)]. There was statistically significant difference in favour of group 3 compared to group 2, by increasing the exercise intensity from 30% to 50% M.V.C., for outcomes of FVC [mean change = 0.10 ± 0.052), (<i<p</i< = 0.005)], FEV1/FVC [mean change = 3.18 ± 0.75), (<i<p</i< = 0.017)] and PEF [(mean change = 0.86 ± 0.35), (<i<p</i< = 0.001)] after 48 days. Isometric handgrip exercise (after 48 days at 30% to 50% M.V.C.) improves outcomes of pulmonary function capacity in adults with prehypertension. Meanwhile, duration and/or increase in intensity of the isometric effort significantly contributed to the affects attained.
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title_short	Isometric Handgrip Exercise Training Improves Spirometric Parameters and Pulmonary Capacity
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Research evidence suggests that physical activity reduces age-related decline in pulmonary function and improves the efficiency of the lungs in prehypertensive patients. However, there is a scarcity of data evidence relating to isometric exercise and pulmonary function. Furthermore, the interrelationship between the intensity and duration of isometric exercise and pulmonary function in these patients is still uncertain. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the effect of isometric handgrip exercise on pulmonary function capacity in adults with prehypertension. To determine the effectiveness of isometric handgrip exercise on pulmonary function capacity in adults with prehypertension. A quasi experiment using a pre- and post-exercise method was carried out in two out-patients hospital settings. The sample comprised 192 sedentary pre-hypertensive subjects, aged between 30–50 years, that were randomly distributed into three groups of 64 participants each. The subjects performed, for 24 consecutive days, an isometric handgrip exercise at 30% Maximum Voluntary Contraction (M.V.C.). At the end of the 24 days, group one (GP1) discontinued, while group two (GP2) continued the exercise protocol for another 24 consecutive days and group three (GP3) continued with the exercise protocol for another 24 consecutive days but at 50% M.V.C. Determinants of lung function (outcomes) were Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s (FEV1), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC Ratio and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR). The study shows that there was no statistically significant difference in the pre- and post-exercise outcomes for FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC Ratio and PEFR after 24 days for group 1. In group 2, there was a statistically significant difference in the FVC [(mean = 0.12 ± 0.12), (<i<p</i< = 0.002)], FEV1 [(mean = 0.15 ± 0.17), (<i<p</i< = 0.003)] and PEF [(mean = 0.85 ± 0.35), (<i<p</i< = 0.001)] after 48 days. In group 3, there was a statistically significant difference (<i<p</i< = 0.001) in all the outcomes assessed after 48 days. There was a between groups difference in favour of group 2 compared with group 1 for outcomes of FEV1 [(mean = 0.142 ± 0.68), (<i<p</i< = 0.005)] and PEF [(mean = 0.83 ± 0.19), (<i<p</i< = 0.0031)]. There was statistically significant difference in favour of group 3 compared to group 2, by increasing the exercise intensity from 30% to 50% M.V.C., for outcomes of FVC [mean change = 0.10 ± 0.052), (<i<p</i< = 0.005)], FEV1/FVC [mean change = 3.18 ± 0.75), (<i<p</i< = 0.017)] and PEF [(mean change = 0.86 ± 0.35), (<i<p</i< = 0.001)] after 48 days. Isometric handgrip exercise (after 48 days at 30% to 50% M.V.C.) improves outcomes of pulmonary function capacity in adults with prehypertension. 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Isometric Handgrip Exercise Training Improves Spirometric Parameters and Pulmonary Capacity

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