Evaluating interventions to improve test, treat, and track (T3) malaria strategy among over-the-counter medicine sellers (OTCMS) in some rural communities of Fanteakwa North district, Ghana: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial
Abstract Background The World Health Organization initiated test, treat, and track (T3) malaria strategy to support malaria-endemic countries in their efforts to achieve universal coverage with diagnostic testing, antimalarial treatment, and strengthening surveillance systems. Unfortunately, T3 is n...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Autor*in: |
Olajoju Temidayo Soniran [verfasserIn] Benjamin Abuaku [verfasserIn] Collins Stephen Ahorlu [verfasserIn] |
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E-Artikel |
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Sprache: |
Englisch |
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2020 |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
In: Trials - BMC, 2006, 21(2020), 1, Seite 10 |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:21 ; year:2020 ; number:1 ; pages:10 |
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DOI / URN: |
10.1186/s13063-020-04509-6 |
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Katalog-ID: |
DOAJ017965497 |
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520 | |a Abstract Background The World Health Organization initiated test, treat, and track (T3) malaria strategy to support malaria-endemic countries in their efforts to achieve universal coverage with diagnostic testing, antimalarial treatment, and strengthening surveillance systems. Unfortunately, T3 is not adopted by over-the-counter medicine sellers (OTCMS) where many patients with malaria-like symptoms first seek treatment. Sub-Saharan African countries are considering introducing and scaling up RDTs in these outlets to reduce malaria burden. In this context, this study is aimed at improving implementation of the T3 among OTCMS using a number of intervention tools that could be scaled-up easily at the national level. Methods/design The interventions will be evaluated using a two-arm, cluster randomized trial across 8 rural communities (4 clusters per arm), in two adjacent districts (Fanteakwa North and Fanteakwa South districts) of Ghana. A total of 8 OTCMS in the intervention arm and 5 OTCMS in the control arm in the selected communities will participate in the study. In the intervention arm only, subsidized malaria rapid diagnostic test (mRDT) kits will be introduced after the OTCMS have been trained on how to use the kit appropriately. Supervision, technical assistance, feedbacks, and collection of data will be provided on a regular basis at the participating medicine stores. The primary outcome is the proportion of children under 10 years with fever or suspected to have malaria visiting OTCMS and tested (using mRDT) before treatment. Secondary outcomes will include adherence to national malaria treatment guidelines and recommended mRDT retail price. Outcomes will be measured using mainly a household survey supplemented by mystery client survey and a surveillance register on malaria tests conducted by the OTCMS during patient consultations. Data collected will be double entered and verified using Microsoft Access 2010 (Microsoft Inc., Redmond, Washington) and analyzed using STATA version 11.0. Discussion The trial will provide evidence on the combined effectiveness of provider and community interventions in improving adherence to the T3 initiative among OTCMS in rural Ghana. Ethical clearance NMIMR-IRB CPN 086/18-19 Trial registration ISRCTN registry ISRCTN77836926 . Registered on 4 November 2019. | ||
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10.1186/s13063-020-04509-6 doi (DE-627)DOAJ017965497 (DE-599)DOAJ6ca9848394cc4b50b41fb9585c580eb5 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng R5-920 Olajoju Temidayo Soniran verfasserin aut Evaluating interventions to improve test, treat, and track (T3) malaria strategy among over-the-counter medicine sellers (OTCMS) in some rural communities of Fanteakwa North district, Ghana: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Background The World Health Organization initiated test, treat, and track (T3) malaria strategy to support malaria-endemic countries in their efforts to achieve universal coverage with diagnostic testing, antimalarial treatment, and strengthening surveillance systems. Unfortunately, T3 is not adopted by over-the-counter medicine sellers (OTCMS) where many patients with malaria-like symptoms first seek treatment. Sub-Saharan African countries are considering introducing and scaling up RDTs in these outlets to reduce malaria burden. In this context, this study is aimed at improving implementation of the T3 among OTCMS using a number of intervention tools that could be scaled-up easily at the national level. Methods/design The interventions will be evaluated using a two-arm, cluster randomized trial across 8 rural communities (4 clusters per arm), in two adjacent districts (Fanteakwa North and Fanteakwa South districts) of Ghana. A total of 8 OTCMS in the intervention arm and 5 OTCMS in the control arm in the selected communities will participate in the study. In the intervention arm only, subsidized malaria rapid diagnostic test (mRDT) kits will be introduced after the OTCMS have been trained on how to use the kit appropriately. Supervision, technical assistance, feedbacks, and collection of data will be provided on a regular basis at the participating medicine stores. The primary outcome is the proportion of children under 10 years with fever or suspected to have malaria visiting OTCMS and tested (using mRDT) before treatment. Secondary outcomes will include adherence to national malaria treatment guidelines and recommended mRDT retail price. Outcomes will be measured using mainly a household survey supplemented by mystery client survey and a surveillance register on malaria tests conducted by the OTCMS during patient consultations. Data collected will be double entered and verified using Microsoft Access 2010 (Microsoft Inc., Redmond, Washington) and analyzed using STATA version 11.0. Discussion The trial will provide evidence on the combined effectiveness of provider and community interventions in improving adherence to the T3 initiative among OTCMS in rural Ghana. Ethical clearance NMIMR-IRB CPN 086/18-19 Trial registration ISRCTN registry ISRCTN77836926 . Registered on 4 November 2019. T3 malaria strategy mRDT Over-the-counter medicine sellers Interventions Medicine (General) Benjamin Abuaku verfasserin aut Collins Stephen Ahorlu verfasserin aut In Trials BMC, 2006 21(2020), 1, Seite 10 (DE-627)326173552 (DE-600)2040523-6 17456215 nnns volume:21 year:2020 number:1 pages:10 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-020-04509-6 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/6ca9848394cc4b50b41fb9585c580eb5 kostenfrei http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13063-020-04509-6 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1745-6215 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 21 2020 1 10 |
spelling |
10.1186/s13063-020-04509-6 doi (DE-627)DOAJ017965497 (DE-599)DOAJ6ca9848394cc4b50b41fb9585c580eb5 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng R5-920 Olajoju Temidayo Soniran verfasserin aut Evaluating interventions to improve test, treat, and track (T3) malaria strategy among over-the-counter medicine sellers (OTCMS) in some rural communities of Fanteakwa North district, Ghana: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Background The World Health Organization initiated test, treat, and track (T3) malaria strategy to support malaria-endemic countries in their efforts to achieve universal coverage with diagnostic testing, antimalarial treatment, and strengthening surveillance systems. Unfortunately, T3 is not adopted by over-the-counter medicine sellers (OTCMS) where many patients with malaria-like symptoms first seek treatment. Sub-Saharan African countries are considering introducing and scaling up RDTs in these outlets to reduce malaria burden. In this context, this study is aimed at improving implementation of the T3 among OTCMS using a number of intervention tools that could be scaled-up easily at the national level. Methods/design The interventions will be evaluated using a two-arm, cluster randomized trial across 8 rural communities (4 clusters per arm), in two adjacent districts (Fanteakwa North and Fanteakwa South districts) of Ghana. A total of 8 OTCMS in the intervention arm and 5 OTCMS in the control arm in the selected communities will participate in the study. In the intervention arm only, subsidized malaria rapid diagnostic test (mRDT) kits will be introduced after the OTCMS have been trained on how to use the kit appropriately. Supervision, technical assistance, feedbacks, and collection of data will be provided on a regular basis at the participating medicine stores. The primary outcome is the proportion of children under 10 years with fever or suspected to have malaria visiting OTCMS and tested (using mRDT) before treatment. Secondary outcomes will include adherence to national malaria treatment guidelines and recommended mRDT retail price. Outcomes will be measured using mainly a household survey supplemented by mystery client survey and a surveillance register on malaria tests conducted by the OTCMS during patient consultations. Data collected will be double entered and verified using Microsoft Access 2010 (Microsoft Inc., Redmond, Washington) and analyzed using STATA version 11.0. Discussion The trial will provide evidence on the combined effectiveness of provider and community interventions in improving adherence to the T3 initiative among OTCMS in rural Ghana. Ethical clearance NMIMR-IRB CPN 086/18-19 Trial registration ISRCTN registry ISRCTN77836926 . Registered on 4 November 2019. T3 malaria strategy mRDT Over-the-counter medicine sellers Interventions Medicine (General) Benjamin Abuaku verfasserin aut Collins Stephen Ahorlu verfasserin aut In Trials BMC, 2006 21(2020), 1, Seite 10 (DE-627)326173552 (DE-600)2040523-6 17456215 nnns volume:21 year:2020 number:1 pages:10 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-020-04509-6 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/6ca9848394cc4b50b41fb9585c580eb5 kostenfrei http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13063-020-04509-6 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1745-6215 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 21 2020 1 10 |
allfields_unstemmed |
10.1186/s13063-020-04509-6 doi (DE-627)DOAJ017965497 (DE-599)DOAJ6ca9848394cc4b50b41fb9585c580eb5 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng R5-920 Olajoju Temidayo Soniran verfasserin aut Evaluating interventions to improve test, treat, and track (T3) malaria strategy among over-the-counter medicine sellers (OTCMS) in some rural communities of Fanteakwa North district, Ghana: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Background The World Health Organization initiated test, treat, and track (T3) malaria strategy to support malaria-endemic countries in their efforts to achieve universal coverage with diagnostic testing, antimalarial treatment, and strengthening surveillance systems. Unfortunately, T3 is not adopted by over-the-counter medicine sellers (OTCMS) where many patients with malaria-like symptoms first seek treatment. Sub-Saharan African countries are considering introducing and scaling up RDTs in these outlets to reduce malaria burden. In this context, this study is aimed at improving implementation of the T3 among OTCMS using a number of intervention tools that could be scaled-up easily at the national level. Methods/design The interventions will be evaluated using a two-arm, cluster randomized trial across 8 rural communities (4 clusters per arm), in two adjacent districts (Fanteakwa North and Fanteakwa South districts) of Ghana. A total of 8 OTCMS in the intervention arm and 5 OTCMS in the control arm in the selected communities will participate in the study. In the intervention arm only, subsidized malaria rapid diagnostic test (mRDT) kits will be introduced after the OTCMS have been trained on how to use the kit appropriately. Supervision, technical assistance, feedbacks, and collection of data will be provided on a regular basis at the participating medicine stores. The primary outcome is the proportion of children under 10 years with fever or suspected to have malaria visiting OTCMS and tested (using mRDT) before treatment. Secondary outcomes will include adherence to national malaria treatment guidelines and recommended mRDT retail price. Outcomes will be measured using mainly a household survey supplemented by mystery client survey and a surveillance register on malaria tests conducted by the OTCMS during patient consultations. Data collected will be double entered and verified using Microsoft Access 2010 (Microsoft Inc., Redmond, Washington) and analyzed using STATA version 11.0. Discussion The trial will provide evidence on the combined effectiveness of provider and community interventions in improving adherence to the T3 initiative among OTCMS in rural Ghana. Ethical clearance NMIMR-IRB CPN 086/18-19 Trial registration ISRCTN registry ISRCTN77836926 . Registered on 4 November 2019. T3 malaria strategy mRDT Over-the-counter medicine sellers Interventions Medicine (General) Benjamin Abuaku verfasserin aut Collins Stephen Ahorlu verfasserin aut In Trials BMC, 2006 21(2020), 1, Seite 10 (DE-627)326173552 (DE-600)2040523-6 17456215 nnns volume:21 year:2020 number:1 pages:10 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-020-04509-6 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/6ca9848394cc4b50b41fb9585c580eb5 kostenfrei http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13063-020-04509-6 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1745-6215 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 21 2020 1 10 |
allfieldsGer |
10.1186/s13063-020-04509-6 doi (DE-627)DOAJ017965497 (DE-599)DOAJ6ca9848394cc4b50b41fb9585c580eb5 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng R5-920 Olajoju Temidayo Soniran verfasserin aut Evaluating interventions to improve test, treat, and track (T3) malaria strategy among over-the-counter medicine sellers (OTCMS) in some rural communities of Fanteakwa North district, Ghana: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Background The World Health Organization initiated test, treat, and track (T3) malaria strategy to support malaria-endemic countries in their efforts to achieve universal coverage with diagnostic testing, antimalarial treatment, and strengthening surveillance systems. Unfortunately, T3 is not adopted by over-the-counter medicine sellers (OTCMS) where many patients with malaria-like symptoms first seek treatment. Sub-Saharan African countries are considering introducing and scaling up RDTs in these outlets to reduce malaria burden. In this context, this study is aimed at improving implementation of the T3 among OTCMS using a number of intervention tools that could be scaled-up easily at the national level. Methods/design The interventions will be evaluated using a two-arm, cluster randomized trial across 8 rural communities (4 clusters per arm), in two adjacent districts (Fanteakwa North and Fanteakwa South districts) of Ghana. A total of 8 OTCMS in the intervention arm and 5 OTCMS in the control arm in the selected communities will participate in the study. In the intervention arm only, subsidized malaria rapid diagnostic test (mRDT) kits will be introduced after the OTCMS have been trained on how to use the kit appropriately. Supervision, technical assistance, feedbacks, and collection of data will be provided on a regular basis at the participating medicine stores. The primary outcome is the proportion of children under 10 years with fever or suspected to have malaria visiting OTCMS and tested (using mRDT) before treatment. Secondary outcomes will include adherence to national malaria treatment guidelines and recommended mRDT retail price. Outcomes will be measured using mainly a household survey supplemented by mystery client survey and a surveillance register on malaria tests conducted by the OTCMS during patient consultations. Data collected will be double entered and verified using Microsoft Access 2010 (Microsoft Inc., Redmond, Washington) and analyzed using STATA version 11.0. Discussion The trial will provide evidence on the combined effectiveness of provider and community interventions in improving adherence to the T3 initiative among OTCMS in rural Ghana. Ethical clearance NMIMR-IRB CPN 086/18-19 Trial registration ISRCTN registry ISRCTN77836926 . Registered on 4 November 2019. T3 malaria strategy mRDT Over-the-counter medicine sellers Interventions Medicine (General) Benjamin Abuaku verfasserin aut Collins Stephen Ahorlu verfasserin aut In Trials BMC, 2006 21(2020), 1, Seite 10 (DE-627)326173552 (DE-600)2040523-6 17456215 nnns volume:21 year:2020 number:1 pages:10 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-020-04509-6 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/6ca9848394cc4b50b41fb9585c580eb5 kostenfrei http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13063-020-04509-6 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1745-6215 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 21 2020 1 10 |
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10.1186/s13063-020-04509-6 doi (DE-627)DOAJ017965497 (DE-599)DOAJ6ca9848394cc4b50b41fb9585c580eb5 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng R5-920 Olajoju Temidayo Soniran verfasserin aut Evaluating interventions to improve test, treat, and track (T3) malaria strategy among over-the-counter medicine sellers (OTCMS) in some rural communities of Fanteakwa North district, Ghana: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Background The World Health Organization initiated test, treat, and track (T3) malaria strategy to support malaria-endemic countries in their efforts to achieve universal coverage with diagnostic testing, antimalarial treatment, and strengthening surveillance systems. Unfortunately, T3 is not adopted by over-the-counter medicine sellers (OTCMS) where many patients with malaria-like symptoms first seek treatment. Sub-Saharan African countries are considering introducing and scaling up RDTs in these outlets to reduce malaria burden. In this context, this study is aimed at improving implementation of the T3 among OTCMS using a number of intervention tools that could be scaled-up easily at the national level. Methods/design The interventions will be evaluated using a two-arm, cluster randomized trial across 8 rural communities (4 clusters per arm), in two adjacent districts (Fanteakwa North and Fanteakwa South districts) of Ghana. A total of 8 OTCMS in the intervention arm and 5 OTCMS in the control arm in the selected communities will participate in the study. In the intervention arm only, subsidized malaria rapid diagnostic test (mRDT) kits will be introduced after the OTCMS have been trained on how to use the kit appropriately. Supervision, technical assistance, feedbacks, and collection of data will be provided on a regular basis at the participating medicine stores. The primary outcome is the proportion of children under 10 years with fever or suspected to have malaria visiting OTCMS and tested (using mRDT) before treatment. Secondary outcomes will include adherence to national malaria treatment guidelines and recommended mRDT retail price. Outcomes will be measured using mainly a household survey supplemented by mystery client survey and a surveillance register on malaria tests conducted by the OTCMS during patient consultations. Data collected will be double entered and verified using Microsoft Access 2010 (Microsoft Inc., Redmond, Washington) and analyzed using STATA version 11.0. Discussion The trial will provide evidence on the combined effectiveness of provider and community interventions in improving adherence to the T3 initiative among OTCMS in rural Ghana. Ethical clearance NMIMR-IRB CPN 086/18-19 Trial registration ISRCTN registry ISRCTN77836926 . Registered on 4 November 2019. T3 malaria strategy mRDT Over-the-counter medicine sellers Interventions Medicine (General) Benjamin Abuaku verfasserin aut Collins Stephen Ahorlu verfasserin aut In Trials BMC, 2006 21(2020), 1, Seite 10 (DE-627)326173552 (DE-600)2040523-6 17456215 nnns volume:21 year:2020 number:1 pages:10 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-020-04509-6 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/6ca9848394cc4b50b41fb9585c580eb5 kostenfrei http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13063-020-04509-6 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1745-6215 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 21 2020 1 10 |
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Evaluating interventions to improve test, treat, and track (T3) malaria strategy among over-the-counter medicine sellers (OTCMS) in some rural communities of Fanteakwa North district, Ghana: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial |
abstract |
Abstract Background The World Health Organization initiated test, treat, and track (T3) malaria strategy to support malaria-endemic countries in their efforts to achieve universal coverage with diagnostic testing, antimalarial treatment, and strengthening surveillance systems. Unfortunately, T3 is not adopted by over-the-counter medicine sellers (OTCMS) where many patients with malaria-like symptoms first seek treatment. Sub-Saharan African countries are considering introducing and scaling up RDTs in these outlets to reduce malaria burden. In this context, this study is aimed at improving implementation of the T3 among OTCMS using a number of intervention tools that could be scaled-up easily at the national level. Methods/design The interventions will be evaluated using a two-arm, cluster randomized trial across 8 rural communities (4 clusters per arm), in two adjacent districts (Fanteakwa North and Fanteakwa South districts) of Ghana. A total of 8 OTCMS in the intervention arm and 5 OTCMS in the control arm in the selected communities will participate in the study. In the intervention arm only, subsidized malaria rapid diagnostic test (mRDT) kits will be introduced after the OTCMS have been trained on how to use the kit appropriately. Supervision, technical assistance, feedbacks, and collection of data will be provided on a regular basis at the participating medicine stores. The primary outcome is the proportion of children under 10 years with fever or suspected to have malaria visiting OTCMS and tested (using mRDT) before treatment. Secondary outcomes will include adherence to national malaria treatment guidelines and recommended mRDT retail price. Outcomes will be measured using mainly a household survey supplemented by mystery client survey and a surveillance register on malaria tests conducted by the OTCMS during patient consultations. Data collected will be double entered and verified using Microsoft Access 2010 (Microsoft Inc., Redmond, Washington) and analyzed using STATA version 11.0. Discussion The trial will provide evidence on the combined effectiveness of provider and community interventions in improving adherence to the T3 initiative among OTCMS in rural Ghana. Ethical clearance NMIMR-IRB CPN 086/18-19 Trial registration ISRCTN registry ISRCTN77836926 . Registered on 4 November 2019. |
abstractGer |
Abstract Background The World Health Organization initiated test, treat, and track (T3) malaria strategy to support malaria-endemic countries in their efforts to achieve universal coverage with diagnostic testing, antimalarial treatment, and strengthening surveillance systems. Unfortunately, T3 is not adopted by over-the-counter medicine sellers (OTCMS) where many patients with malaria-like symptoms first seek treatment. Sub-Saharan African countries are considering introducing and scaling up RDTs in these outlets to reduce malaria burden. In this context, this study is aimed at improving implementation of the T3 among OTCMS using a number of intervention tools that could be scaled-up easily at the national level. Methods/design The interventions will be evaluated using a two-arm, cluster randomized trial across 8 rural communities (4 clusters per arm), in two adjacent districts (Fanteakwa North and Fanteakwa South districts) of Ghana. A total of 8 OTCMS in the intervention arm and 5 OTCMS in the control arm in the selected communities will participate in the study. In the intervention arm only, subsidized malaria rapid diagnostic test (mRDT) kits will be introduced after the OTCMS have been trained on how to use the kit appropriately. Supervision, technical assistance, feedbacks, and collection of data will be provided on a regular basis at the participating medicine stores. The primary outcome is the proportion of children under 10 years with fever or suspected to have malaria visiting OTCMS and tested (using mRDT) before treatment. Secondary outcomes will include adherence to national malaria treatment guidelines and recommended mRDT retail price. Outcomes will be measured using mainly a household survey supplemented by mystery client survey and a surveillance register on malaria tests conducted by the OTCMS during patient consultations. Data collected will be double entered and verified using Microsoft Access 2010 (Microsoft Inc., Redmond, Washington) and analyzed using STATA version 11.0. Discussion The trial will provide evidence on the combined effectiveness of provider and community interventions in improving adherence to the T3 initiative among OTCMS in rural Ghana. Ethical clearance NMIMR-IRB CPN 086/18-19 Trial registration ISRCTN registry ISRCTN77836926 . Registered on 4 November 2019. |
abstract_unstemmed |
Abstract Background The World Health Organization initiated test, treat, and track (T3) malaria strategy to support malaria-endemic countries in their efforts to achieve universal coverage with diagnostic testing, antimalarial treatment, and strengthening surveillance systems. Unfortunately, T3 is not adopted by over-the-counter medicine sellers (OTCMS) where many patients with malaria-like symptoms first seek treatment. Sub-Saharan African countries are considering introducing and scaling up RDTs in these outlets to reduce malaria burden. In this context, this study is aimed at improving implementation of the T3 among OTCMS using a number of intervention tools that could be scaled-up easily at the national level. Methods/design The interventions will be evaluated using a two-arm, cluster randomized trial across 8 rural communities (4 clusters per arm), in two adjacent districts (Fanteakwa North and Fanteakwa South districts) of Ghana. A total of 8 OTCMS in the intervention arm and 5 OTCMS in the control arm in the selected communities will participate in the study. In the intervention arm only, subsidized malaria rapid diagnostic test (mRDT) kits will be introduced after the OTCMS have been trained on how to use the kit appropriately. Supervision, technical assistance, feedbacks, and collection of data will be provided on a regular basis at the participating medicine stores. The primary outcome is the proportion of children under 10 years with fever or suspected to have malaria visiting OTCMS and tested (using mRDT) before treatment. Secondary outcomes will include adherence to national malaria treatment guidelines and recommended mRDT retail price. Outcomes will be measured using mainly a household survey supplemented by mystery client survey and a surveillance register on malaria tests conducted by the OTCMS during patient consultations. Data collected will be double entered and verified using Microsoft Access 2010 (Microsoft Inc., Redmond, Washington) and analyzed using STATA version 11.0. Discussion The trial will provide evidence on the combined effectiveness of provider and community interventions in improving adherence to the T3 initiative among OTCMS in rural Ghana. Ethical clearance NMIMR-IRB CPN 086/18-19 Trial registration ISRCTN registry ISRCTN77836926 . Registered on 4 November 2019. |
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title_short |
Evaluating interventions to improve test, treat, and track (T3) malaria strategy among over-the-counter medicine sellers (OTCMS) in some rural communities of Fanteakwa North district, Ghana: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-020-04509-6 https://doaj.org/article/6ca9848394cc4b50b41fb9585c580eb5 http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13063-020-04509-6 https://doaj.org/toc/1745-6215 |
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Benjamin Abuaku Collins Stephen Ahorlu |
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doi_str |
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up_date |
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Unfortunately, T3 is not adopted by over-the-counter medicine sellers (OTCMS) where many patients with malaria-like symptoms first seek treatment. Sub-Saharan African countries are considering introducing and scaling up RDTs in these outlets to reduce malaria burden. In this context, this study is aimed at improving implementation of the T3 among OTCMS using a number of intervention tools that could be scaled-up easily at the national level. Methods/design The interventions will be evaluated using a two-arm, cluster randomized trial across 8 rural communities (4 clusters per arm), in two adjacent districts (Fanteakwa North and Fanteakwa South districts) of Ghana. A total of 8 OTCMS in the intervention arm and 5 OTCMS in the control arm in the selected communities will participate in the study. In the intervention arm only, subsidized malaria rapid diagnostic test (mRDT) kits will be introduced after the OTCMS have been trained on how to use the kit appropriately. Supervision, technical assistance, feedbacks, and collection of data will be provided on a regular basis at the participating medicine stores. The primary outcome is the proportion of children under 10 years with fever or suspected to have malaria visiting OTCMS and tested (using mRDT) before treatment. Secondary outcomes will include adherence to national malaria treatment guidelines and recommended mRDT retail price. Outcomes will be measured using mainly a household survey supplemented by mystery client survey and a surveillance register on malaria tests conducted by the OTCMS during patient consultations. Data collected will be double entered and verified using Microsoft Access 2010 (Microsoft Inc., Redmond, Washington) and analyzed using STATA version 11.0. Discussion The trial will provide evidence on the combined effectiveness of provider and community interventions in improving adherence to the T3 initiative among OTCMS in rural Ghana. 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