Localised transmission hotspots of a typhoid fever outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo
INTRODUCTION: In a semi-urban setting in the Democratic Republic of Congo, this study aims to understand the dynamic of a typhoid fever (TF) outbreak and to assess: a) the existence of hot spots for TF transmission and b) the difference between typhoid cases identified within those hot spots and the...
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Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Engy Ali [verfasserIn] Rafael Van Den Bergh [verfasserIn] Rob D’hondt [verfasserIn] Donat Kuma-Kuma [verfasserIn] Anja De Weggheleire [verfasserIn] Yves Baudot [verfasserIn] Vincent Lambert [verfasserIn] Paul Hunter [verfasserIn] Rony Zachariah [verfasserIn] Peter Maes [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch ; Französisch |
| Erschienen: |
2017 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
In: The Pan African Medical Journal ; 28(2017), 179 volume:28 ; year:2017 ; number:179 |
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Link aufrufen |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.11604/pamj.2017.28.179.10208 |
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DOAJ018345042 |
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| 520 | |a INTRODUCTION: In a semi-urban setting in the Democratic Republic of Congo, this study aims to understand the dynamic of a typhoid fever (TF) outbreak and to assess: a) the existence of hot spots for TF transmission and b) the difference between typhoid cases identified within those hot spots and the general population in relation to socio-demographic characteristics, sanitation practice, and sources of drinking water. METHODS: this was a retrospective analysis of TF outbreaks in 2011 in Kikwit, DRC using microbiological analysis of water sources and a structured interview questionnaire. RESULTS: there were a total of 1430 reported TF cases. The outbreak's epidemic curve shows earliest and highest peak attack rates (AR) in three military camps located in Kikwit (Ebeya 3.2%; Ngubu 3.0%; and Nsinga 2.2%) compared to an average peak AR of 0.6% in other affected areas. A total 320 cases from the military camps and the high burden health areas were interviewed. Typhoid cases in the military camps shared a latrine with more than one family (P=0.02). All tap water sources in both the military camps and general population were found to be highly contaminated with faecal coliforms. CONCLUSION: the role of military camps in Kikwit as early hotspots of TF transmission was likely associated with lower sanitary and hygiene conditions. The proximity of camps to the general population might have been responsible for disseminating TF to the general population. Mapping of cases during an outbreak could be crucial to identify hot spots for transmission and institute corrective measures. | ||
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10.11604/pamj.2017.28.179.10208 doi (DE-627)DOAJ018345042 (DE-599)DOAJb0cdc6fd00a54ed78ad714a2cb6a824d DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng fre Engy Ali verfasserin aut Localised transmission hotspots of a typhoid fever outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo 2017 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier INTRODUCTION: In a semi-urban setting in the Democratic Republic of Congo, this study aims to understand the dynamic of a typhoid fever (TF) outbreak and to assess: a) the existence of hot spots for TF transmission and b) the difference between typhoid cases identified within those hot spots and the general population in relation to socio-demographic characteristics, sanitation practice, and sources of drinking water. METHODS: this was a retrospective analysis of TF outbreaks in 2011 in Kikwit, DRC using microbiological analysis of water sources and a structured interview questionnaire. RESULTS: there were a total of 1430 reported TF cases. The outbreak's epidemic curve shows earliest and highest peak attack rates (AR) in three military camps located in Kikwit (Ebeya 3.2%; Ngubu 3.0%; and Nsinga 2.2%) compared to an average peak AR of 0.6% in other affected areas. A total 320 cases from the military camps and the high burden health areas were interviewed. Typhoid cases in the military camps shared a latrine with more than one family (P=0.02). All tap water sources in both the military camps and general population were found to be highly contaminated with faecal coliforms. CONCLUSION: the role of military camps in Kikwit as early hotspots of TF transmission was likely associated with lower sanitary and hygiene conditions. The proximity of camps to the general population might have been responsible for disseminating TF to the general population. Mapping of cases during an outbreak could be crucial to identify hot spots for transmission and institute corrective measures. typhoid fever military camps democratic republic of congo Medicine R Rafael Van Den Bergh verfasserin aut Rob D’hondt verfasserin aut Donat Kuma-Kuma verfasserin aut Anja De Weggheleire verfasserin aut Yves Baudot verfasserin aut Vincent Lambert verfasserin aut Paul Hunter verfasserin aut Rony Zachariah verfasserin aut Peter Maes verfasserin aut In The Pan African Medical Journal 28(2017), 179 volume:28 year:2017 number:179 https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2017.28.179.10208 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/b0cdc6fd00a54ed78ad714a2cb6a824d kostenfrei https://www.panafrican-med-journal.com/content/article/28/179/pdf/179.pdf kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1937-8688 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1937-8688 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ AR 28 2017 179 |
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10.11604/pamj.2017.28.179.10208 doi (DE-627)DOAJ018345042 (DE-599)DOAJb0cdc6fd00a54ed78ad714a2cb6a824d DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng fre Engy Ali verfasserin aut Localised transmission hotspots of a typhoid fever outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo 2017 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier INTRODUCTION: In a semi-urban setting in the Democratic Republic of Congo, this study aims to understand the dynamic of a typhoid fever (TF) outbreak and to assess: a) the existence of hot spots for TF transmission and b) the difference between typhoid cases identified within those hot spots and the general population in relation to socio-demographic characteristics, sanitation practice, and sources of drinking water. METHODS: this was a retrospective analysis of TF outbreaks in 2011 in Kikwit, DRC using microbiological analysis of water sources and a structured interview questionnaire. RESULTS: there were a total of 1430 reported TF cases. The outbreak's epidemic curve shows earliest and highest peak attack rates (AR) in three military camps located in Kikwit (Ebeya 3.2%; Ngubu 3.0%; and Nsinga 2.2%) compared to an average peak AR of 0.6% in other affected areas. A total 320 cases from the military camps and the high burden health areas were interviewed. Typhoid cases in the military camps shared a latrine with more than one family (P=0.02). All tap water sources in both the military camps and general population were found to be highly contaminated with faecal coliforms. CONCLUSION: the role of military camps in Kikwit as early hotspots of TF transmission was likely associated with lower sanitary and hygiene conditions. The proximity of camps to the general population might have been responsible for disseminating TF to the general population. Mapping of cases during an outbreak could be crucial to identify hot spots for transmission and institute corrective measures. typhoid fever military camps democratic republic of congo Medicine R Rafael Van Den Bergh verfasserin aut Rob D’hondt verfasserin aut Donat Kuma-Kuma verfasserin aut Anja De Weggheleire verfasserin aut Yves Baudot verfasserin aut Vincent Lambert verfasserin aut Paul Hunter verfasserin aut Rony Zachariah verfasserin aut Peter Maes verfasserin aut In The Pan African Medical Journal 28(2017), 179 volume:28 year:2017 number:179 https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2017.28.179.10208 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/b0cdc6fd00a54ed78ad714a2cb6a824d kostenfrei https://www.panafrican-med-journal.com/content/article/28/179/pdf/179.pdf kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1937-8688 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1937-8688 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ AR 28 2017 179 |
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10.11604/pamj.2017.28.179.10208 doi (DE-627)DOAJ018345042 (DE-599)DOAJb0cdc6fd00a54ed78ad714a2cb6a824d DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng fre Engy Ali verfasserin aut Localised transmission hotspots of a typhoid fever outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo 2017 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier INTRODUCTION: In a semi-urban setting in the Democratic Republic of Congo, this study aims to understand the dynamic of a typhoid fever (TF) outbreak and to assess: a) the existence of hot spots for TF transmission and b) the difference between typhoid cases identified within those hot spots and the general population in relation to socio-demographic characteristics, sanitation practice, and sources of drinking water. METHODS: this was a retrospective analysis of TF outbreaks in 2011 in Kikwit, DRC using microbiological analysis of water sources and a structured interview questionnaire. RESULTS: there were a total of 1430 reported TF cases. The outbreak's epidemic curve shows earliest and highest peak attack rates (AR) in three military camps located in Kikwit (Ebeya 3.2%; Ngubu 3.0%; and Nsinga 2.2%) compared to an average peak AR of 0.6% in other affected areas. A total 320 cases from the military camps and the high burden health areas were interviewed. Typhoid cases in the military camps shared a latrine with more than one family (P=0.02). All tap water sources in both the military camps and general population were found to be highly contaminated with faecal coliforms. CONCLUSION: the role of military camps in Kikwit as early hotspots of TF transmission was likely associated with lower sanitary and hygiene conditions. The proximity of camps to the general population might have been responsible for disseminating TF to the general population. Mapping of cases during an outbreak could be crucial to identify hot spots for transmission and institute corrective measures. typhoid fever military camps democratic republic of congo Medicine R Rafael Van Den Bergh verfasserin aut Rob D’hondt verfasserin aut Donat Kuma-Kuma verfasserin aut Anja De Weggheleire verfasserin aut Yves Baudot verfasserin aut Vincent Lambert verfasserin aut Paul Hunter verfasserin aut Rony Zachariah verfasserin aut Peter Maes verfasserin aut In The Pan African Medical Journal 28(2017), 179 volume:28 year:2017 number:179 https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2017.28.179.10208 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/b0cdc6fd00a54ed78ad714a2cb6a824d kostenfrei https://www.panafrican-med-journal.com/content/article/28/179/pdf/179.pdf kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1937-8688 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1937-8688 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ AR 28 2017 179 |
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10.11604/pamj.2017.28.179.10208 doi (DE-627)DOAJ018345042 (DE-599)DOAJb0cdc6fd00a54ed78ad714a2cb6a824d DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng fre Engy Ali verfasserin aut Localised transmission hotspots of a typhoid fever outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo 2017 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier INTRODUCTION: In a semi-urban setting in the Democratic Republic of Congo, this study aims to understand the dynamic of a typhoid fever (TF) outbreak and to assess: a) the existence of hot spots for TF transmission and b) the difference between typhoid cases identified within those hot spots and the general population in relation to socio-demographic characteristics, sanitation practice, and sources of drinking water. METHODS: this was a retrospective analysis of TF outbreaks in 2011 in Kikwit, DRC using microbiological analysis of water sources and a structured interview questionnaire. RESULTS: there were a total of 1430 reported TF cases. The outbreak's epidemic curve shows earliest and highest peak attack rates (AR) in three military camps located in Kikwit (Ebeya 3.2%; Ngubu 3.0%; and Nsinga 2.2%) compared to an average peak AR of 0.6% in other affected areas. A total 320 cases from the military camps and the high burden health areas were interviewed. Typhoid cases in the military camps shared a latrine with more than one family (P=0.02). All tap water sources in both the military camps and general population were found to be highly contaminated with faecal coliforms. CONCLUSION: the role of military camps in Kikwit as early hotspots of TF transmission was likely associated with lower sanitary and hygiene conditions. The proximity of camps to the general population might have been responsible for disseminating TF to the general population. Mapping of cases during an outbreak could be crucial to identify hot spots for transmission and institute corrective measures. typhoid fever military camps democratic republic of congo Medicine R Rafael Van Den Bergh verfasserin aut Rob D’hondt verfasserin aut Donat Kuma-Kuma verfasserin aut Anja De Weggheleire verfasserin aut Yves Baudot verfasserin aut Vincent Lambert verfasserin aut Paul Hunter verfasserin aut Rony Zachariah verfasserin aut Peter Maes verfasserin aut In The Pan African Medical Journal 28(2017), 179 volume:28 year:2017 number:179 https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2017.28.179.10208 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/b0cdc6fd00a54ed78ad714a2cb6a824d kostenfrei https://www.panafrican-med-journal.com/content/article/28/179/pdf/179.pdf kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1937-8688 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1937-8688 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ AR 28 2017 179 |
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10.11604/pamj.2017.28.179.10208 doi (DE-627)DOAJ018345042 (DE-599)DOAJb0cdc6fd00a54ed78ad714a2cb6a824d DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng fre Engy Ali verfasserin aut Localised transmission hotspots of a typhoid fever outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo 2017 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier INTRODUCTION: In a semi-urban setting in the Democratic Republic of Congo, this study aims to understand the dynamic of a typhoid fever (TF) outbreak and to assess: a) the existence of hot spots for TF transmission and b) the difference between typhoid cases identified within those hot spots and the general population in relation to socio-demographic characteristics, sanitation practice, and sources of drinking water. METHODS: this was a retrospective analysis of TF outbreaks in 2011 in Kikwit, DRC using microbiological analysis of water sources and a structured interview questionnaire. RESULTS: there were a total of 1430 reported TF cases. The outbreak's epidemic curve shows earliest and highest peak attack rates (AR) in three military camps located in Kikwit (Ebeya 3.2%; Ngubu 3.0%; and Nsinga 2.2%) compared to an average peak AR of 0.6% in other affected areas. A total 320 cases from the military camps and the high burden health areas were interviewed. Typhoid cases in the military camps shared a latrine with more than one family (P=0.02). All tap water sources in both the military camps and general population were found to be highly contaminated with faecal coliforms. CONCLUSION: the role of military camps in Kikwit as early hotspots of TF transmission was likely associated with lower sanitary and hygiene conditions. The proximity of camps to the general population might have been responsible for disseminating TF to the general population. Mapping of cases during an outbreak could be crucial to identify hot spots for transmission and institute corrective measures. typhoid fever military camps democratic republic of congo Medicine R Rafael Van Den Bergh verfasserin aut Rob D’hondt verfasserin aut Donat Kuma-Kuma verfasserin aut Anja De Weggheleire verfasserin aut Yves Baudot verfasserin aut Vincent Lambert verfasserin aut Paul Hunter verfasserin aut Rony Zachariah verfasserin aut Peter Maes verfasserin aut In The Pan African Medical Journal 28(2017), 179 volume:28 year:2017 number:179 https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2017.28.179.10208 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/b0cdc6fd00a54ed78ad714a2cb6a824d kostenfrei https://www.panafrican-med-journal.com/content/article/28/179/pdf/179.pdf kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1937-8688 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1937-8688 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ AR 28 2017 179 |
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Engy Ali @@aut@@ Rafael Van Den Bergh @@aut@@ Rob D’hondt @@aut@@ Donat Kuma-Kuma @@aut@@ Anja De Weggheleire @@aut@@ Yves Baudot @@aut@@ Vincent Lambert @@aut@@ Paul Hunter @@aut@@ Rony Zachariah @@aut@@ Peter Maes @@aut@@ |
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01000caa a22002652 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">DOAJ018345042</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-627</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20230310095801.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">230226s2017 xx |||||o 00| ||eng c</controlfield><datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.11604/pamj.2017.28.179.10208</subfield><subfield code="2">doi</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-627)DOAJ018345042</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)DOAJb0cdc6fd00a54ed78ad714a2cb6a824d</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="c">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield><subfield code="a">fre</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Engy Ali</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Localised transmission hotspots of a typhoid fever outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2017</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Computermedien</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Online-Ressource</subfield><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">INTRODUCTION: In a semi-urban setting in the Democratic Republic of Congo, this study aims to understand the dynamic of a typhoid fever (TF) outbreak and to assess: a) the existence of hot spots for TF transmission and b) the difference between typhoid cases identified within those hot spots and the general population in relation to socio-demographic characteristics, sanitation practice, and sources of drinking water. METHODS: this was a retrospective analysis of TF outbreaks in 2011 in Kikwit, DRC using microbiological analysis of water sources and a structured interview questionnaire. RESULTS: there were a total of 1430 reported TF cases. The outbreak's epidemic curve shows earliest and highest peak attack rates (AR) in three military camps located in Kikwit (Ebeya 3.2%; Ngubu 3.0%; and Nsinga 2.2%) compared to an average peak AR of 0.6% in other affected areas. A total 320 cases from the military camps and the high burden health areas were interviewed. Typhoid cases in the military camps shared a latrine with more than one family (P=0.02). All tap water sources in both the military camps and general population were found to be highly contaminated with faecal coliforms. CONCLUSION: the role of military camps in Kikwit as early hotspots of TF transmission was likely associated with lower sanitary and hygiene conditions. The proximity of camps to the general population might have been responsible for disseminating TF to the general population. 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localised transmission hotspots of a typhoid fever outbreak in the democratic republic of congo |
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Localised transmission hotspots of a typhoid fever outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo |
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INTRODUCTION: In a semi-urban setting in the Democratic Republic of Congo, this study aims to understand the dynamic of a typhoid fever (TF) outbreak and to assess: a) the existence of hot spots for TF transmission and b) the difference between typhoid cases identified within those hot spots and the general population in relation to socio-demographic characteristics, sanitation practice, and sources of drinking water. METHODS: this was a retrospective analysis of TF outbreaks in 2011 in Kikwit, DRC using microbiological analysis of water sources and a structured interview questionnaire. RESULTS: there were a total of 1430 reported TF cases. The outbreak's epidemic curve shows earliest and highest peak attack rates (AR) in three military camps located in Kikwit (Ebeya 3.2%; Ngubu 3.0%; and Nsinga 2.2%) compared to an average peak AR of 0.6% in other affected areas. A total 320 cases from the military camps and the high burden health areas were interviewed. Typhoid cases in the military camps shared a latrine with more than one family (P=0.02). All tap water sources in both the military camps and general population were found to be highly contaminated with faecal coliforms. CONCLUSION: the role of military camps in Kikwit as early hotspots of TF transmission was likely associated with lower sanitary and hygiene conditions. The proximity of camps to the general population might have been responsible for disseminating TF to the general population. Mapping of cases during an outbreak could be crucial to identify hot spots for transmission and institute corrective measures. |
| abstractGer |
INTRODUCTION: In a semi-urban setting in the Democratic Republic of Congo, this study aims to understand the dynamic of a typhoid fever (TF) outbreak and to assess: a) the existence of hot spots for TF transmission and b) the difference between typhoid cases identified within those hot spots and the general population in relation to socio-demographic characteristics, sanitation practice, and sources of drinking water. METHODS: this was a retrospective analysis of TF outbreaks in 2011 in Kikwit, DRC using microbiological analysis of water sources and a structured interview questionnaire. RESULTS: there were a total of 1430 reported TF cases. The outbreak's epidemic curve shows earliest and highest peak attack rates (AR) in three military camps located in Kikwit (Ebeya 3.2%; Ngubu 3.0%; and Nsinga 2.2%) compared to an average peak AR of 0.6% in other affected areas. A total 320 cases from the military camps and the high burden health areas were interviewed. Typhoid cases in the military camps shared a latrine with more than one family (P=0.02). All tap water sources in both the military camps and general population were found to be highly contaminated with faecal coliforms. CONCLUSION: the role of military camps in Kikwit as early hotspots of TF transmission was likely associated with lower sanitary and hygiene conditions. The proximity of camps to the general population might have been responsible for disseminating TF to the general population. Mapping of cases during an outbreak could be crucial to identify hot spots for transmission and institute corrective measures. |
| abstract_unstemmed |
INTRODUCTION: In a semi-urban setting in the Democratic Republic of Congo, this study aims to understand the dynamic of a typhoid fever (TF) outbreak and to assess: a) the existence of hot spots for TF transmission and b) the difference between typhoid cases identified within those hot spots and the general population in relation to socio-demographic characteristics, sanitation practice, and sources of drinking water. METHODS: this was a retrospective analysis of TF outbreaks in 2011 in Kikwit, DRC using microbiological analysis of water sources and a structured interview questionnaire. RESULTS: there were a total of 1430 reported TF cases. The outbreak's epidemic curve shows earliest and highest peak attack rates (AR) in three military camps located in Kikwit (Ebeya 3.2%; Ngubu 3.0%; and Nsinga 2.2%) compared to an average peak AR of 0.6% in other affected areas. A total 320 cases from the military camps and the high burden health areas were interviewed. Typhoid cases in the military camps shared a latrine with more than one family (P=0.02). All tap water sources in both the military camps and general population were found to be highly contaminated with faecal coliforms. CONCLUSION: the role of military camps in Kikwit as early hotspots of TF transmission was likely associated with lower sanitary and hygiene conditions. The proximity of camps to the general population might have been responsible for disseminating TF to the general population. Mapping of cases during an outbreak could be crucial to identify hot spots for transmission and institute corrective measures. |
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Localised transmission hotspots of a typhoid fever outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo |
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