Nesting Success and Nesting Height in the Critically Endangered Medium Tree Finch (<i<Camarhynchus pauper</i<)

When different introduced species across trophic levels (parasite, predator) invade island systems, they may pose significant threats to nesting birds. In this study, we measure nesting height and infer causes of offspring mortality in the critically endangered Medium Tree Finch (<i<Camarhynch...
Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Sonia Kleindorfer [verfasserIn] Lauren K. Common [verfasserIn] Petra Sumasgutner [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2021

Schlagwörter:	Short-eared Owl Smooth-billed Ani avian predators invasive species

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Birds - MDPI AG, 2021, 2(2021), 4, Seite 427-444
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:2 ; year:2021 ; number:4 ; pages:427-444

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/birds2040032

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ018741851

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520			\|a When different introduced species across trophic levels (parasite, predator) invade island systems, they may pose significant threats to nesting birds. In this study, we measure nesting height and infer causes of offspring mortality in the critically endangered Medium Tree Finch (<i<Camarhynchus pauper</i<), an island endemic restricted to Floreana Island on the Galápagos Archipelago. Considering all nests at which a male built a nest, sang and attempted to attract a female (<i<n</i< = 222 nests), only 10.4% of nests produced fledglings (5% of nests had total fledging success, 5.4% of nests had partial fledging success). Of the 123 nests chosen by a female, 18.7% produced fledglings and of 337 eggs laid, 13.4% produced fledglings. Pairing success was higher for older males, but male age did not predict nesting success. All nests with chicks were infested with avian vampire fly larvae (<i<Philornis downsi</i<). We attributed the cause of death to avian vampire fly if chicks were found dead in the nest with fly larvae or pupae (45%) present. We inferred avian (either <i<Asio flammeus galapagoensis</i< or <i<Crotophaga ani</i<) predation (24%) if the nest was empty but dishevelled; and black rat (<i<Rattus rattus</i<) predation (20%) if the nest was empty but undamaged. According to these criteria, the highest nests were depredated by avian predators, the lowest nests by rats, and intermediate nests failed because of avian vampire fly larvae. In conclusion, there is no safe nesting height on Floreana Island under current conditions of threats from two trophic levels (introduced parasitic dipteran, introduced mammalian/avian predators; with Galápagos Short-Eared Owls being the only native predator in the system).
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callnumber-first	Q - Science
author	Sonia Kleindorfer
spellingShingle	Sonia Kleindorfer misc QH540-549.5 misc SF1-1100 misc <i<Rattus rattus</i< misc <i<Philornis downsi</i< misc Short-eared Owl misc Smooth-billed Ani misc avian predators misc invasive species misc Ecology misc Animal culture Nesting Success and Nesting Height in the Critically Endangered Medium Tree Finch (<i<Camarhynchus pauper</i<)
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topic_title	QH540-549.5 SF1-1100 Nesting Success and Nesting Height in the Critically Endangered Medium Tree Finch (<i<Camarhynchus pauper</i<) <i<Rattus rattus</i< <i<Philornis downsi</i< Short-eared Owl Smooth-billed Ani avian predators invasive species
topic	misc QH540-549.5 misc SF1-1100 misc <i<Rattus rattus</i< misc <i<Philornis downsi</i< misc Short-eared Owl misc Smooth-billed Ani misc avian predators misc invasive species misc Ecology misc Animal culture
topic_unstemmed	misc QH540-549.5 misc SF1-1100 misc <i<Rattus rattus</i< misc <i<Philornis downsi</i< misc Short-eared Owl misc Smooth-billed Ani misc avian predators misc invasive species misc Ecology misc Animal culture
topic_browse	misc QH540-549.5 misc SF1-1100 misc <i<Rattus rattus</i< misc <i<Philornis downsi</i< misc Short-eared Owl misc Smooth-billed Ani misc avian predators misc invasive species misc Ecology misc Animal culture
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title	Nesting Success and Nesting Height in the Critically Endangered Medium Tree Finch (<i<Camarhynchus pauper</i<)
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title_full	Nesting Success and Nesting Height in the Critically Endangered Medium Tree Finch (<i<Camarhynchus pauper</i<)
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title_sort	nesting success and nesting height in the critically endangered medium tree finch (<i<camarhynchus pauper</i<)
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title_auth	Nesting Success and Nesting Height in the Critically Endangered Medium Tree Finch (<i<Camarhynchus pauper</i<)
abstract	When different introduced species across trophic levels (parasite, predator) invade island systems, they may pose significant threats to nesting birds. In this study, we measure nesting height and infer causes of offspring mortality in the critically endangered Medium Tree Finch (<i<Camarhynchus pauper</i<), an island endemic restricted to Floreana Island on the Galápagos Archipelago. Considering all nests at which a male built a nest, sang and attempted to attract a female (<i<n</i< = 222 nests), only 10.4% of nests produced fledglings (5% of nests had total fledging success, 5.4% of nests had partial fledging success). Of the 123 nests chosen by a female, 18.7% produced fledglings and of 337 eggs laid, 13.4% produced fledglings. Pairing success was higher for older males, but male age did not predict nesting success. All nests with chicks were infested with avian vampire fly larvae (<i<Philornis downsi</i<). We attributed the cause of death to avian vampire fly if chicks were found dead in the nest with fly larvae or pupae (45%) present. We inferred avian (either <i<Asio flammeus galapagoensis</i< or <i<Crotophaga ani</i<) predation (24%) if the nest was empty but dishevelled; and black rat (<i<Rattus rattus</i<) predation (20%) if the nest was empty but undamaged. According to these criteria, the highest nests were depredated by avian predators, the lowest nests by rats, and intermediate nests failed because of avian vampire fly larvae. In conclusion, there is no safe nesting height on Floreana Island under current conditions of threats from two trophic levels (introduced parasitic dipteran, introduced mammalian/avian predators; with Galápagos Short-Eared Owls being the only native predator in the system).
abstractGer	When different introduced species across trophic levels (parasite, predator) invade island systems, they may pose significant threats to nesting birds. In this study, we measure nesting height and infer causes of offspring mortality in the critically endangered Medium Tree Finch (<i<Camarhynchus pauper</i<), an island endemic restricted to Floreana Island on the Galápagos Archipelago. Considering all nests at which a male built a nest, sang and attempted to attract a female (<i<n</i< = 222 nests), only 10.4% of nests produced fledglings (5% of nests had total fledging success, 5.4% of nests had partial fledging success). Of the 123 nests chosen by a female, 18.7% produced fledglings and of 337 eggs laid, 13.4% produced fledglings. Pairing success was higher for older males, but male age did not predict nesting success. All nests with chicks were infested with avian vampire fly larvae (<i<Philornis downsi</i<). We attributed the cause of death to avian vampire fly if chicks were found dead in the nest with fly larvae or pupae (45%) present. We inferred avian (either <i<Asio flammeus galapagoensis</i< or <i<Crotophaga ani</i<) predation (24%) if the nest was empty but dishevelled; and black rat (<i<Rattus rattus</i<) predation (20%) if the nest was empty but undamaged. According to these criteria, the highest nests were depredated by avian predators, the lowest nests by rats, and intermediate nests failed because of avian vampire fly larvae. In conclusion, there is no safe nesting height on Floreana Island under current conditions of threats from two trophic levels (introduced parasitic dipteran, introduced mammalian/avian predators; with Galápagos Short-Eared Owls being the only native predator in the system).
abstract_unstemmed	When different introduced species across trophic levels (parasite, predator) invade island systems, they may pose significant threats to nesting birds. In this study, we measure nesting height and infer causes of offspring mortality in the critically endangered Medium Tree Finch (<i<Camarhynchus pauper</i<), an island endemic restricted to Floreana Island on the Galápagos Archipelago. Considering all nests at which a male built a nest, sang and attempted to attract a female (<i<n</i< = 222 nests), only 10.4% of nests produced fledglings (5% of nests had total fledging success, 5.4% of nests had partial fledging success). Of the 123 nests chosen by a female, 18.7% produced fledglings and of 337 eggs laid, 13.4% produced fledglings. Pairing success was higher for older males, but male age did not predict nesting success. All nests with chicks were infested with avian vampire fly larvae (<i<Philornis downsi</i<). We attributed the cause of death to avian vampire fly if chicks were found dead in the nest with fly larvae or pupae (45%) present. We inferred avian (either <i<Asio flammeus galapagoensis</i< or <i<Crotophaga ani</i<) predation (24%) if the nest was empty but dishevelled; and black rat (<i<Rattus rattus</i<) predation (20%) if the nest was empty but undamaged. According to these criteria, the highest nests were depredated by avian predators, the lowest nests by rats, and intermediate nests failed because of avian vampire fly larvae. In conclusion, there is no safe nesting height on Floreana Island under current conditions of threats from two trophic levels (introduced parasitic dipteran, introduced mammalian/avian predators; with Galápagos Short-Eared Owls being the only native predator in the system).
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title_short	Nesting Success and Nesting Height in the Critically Endangered Medium Tree Finch (<i<Camarhynchus pauper</i<)
url	https://doi.org/10.3390/birds2040032 https://doaj.org/article/aea07427748f43e39499b834cbf9d7fd https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6004/2/4/32 https://doaj.org/toc/2673-6004
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In this study, we measure nesting height and infer causes of offspring mortality in the critically endangered Medium Tree Finch (<i<Camarhynchus pauper</i<), an island endemic restricted to Floreana Island on the Galápagos Archipelago. Considering all nests at which a male built a nest, sang and attempted to attract a female (<i<n</i< = 222 nests), only 10.4% of nests produced fledglings (5% of nests had total fledging success, 5.4% of nests had partial fledging success). Of the 123 nests chosen by a female, 18.7% produced fledglings and of 337 eggs laid, 13.4% produced fledglings. Pairing success was higher for older males, but male age did not predict nesting success. All nests with chicks were infested with avian vampire fly larvae (<i<Philornis downsi</i<). We attributed the cause of death to avian vampire fly if chicks were found dead in the nest with fly larvae or pupae (45%) present. We inferred avian (either <i<Asio flammeus galapagoensis</i< or <i<Crotophaga ani</i<) predation (24%) if the nest was empty but dishevelled; and black rat (<i<Rattus rattus</i<) predation (20%) if the nest was empty but undamaged. According to these criteria, the highest nests were depredated by avian predators, the lowest nests by rats, and intermediate nests failed because of avian vampire fly larvae. In conclusion, there is no safe nesting height on Floreana Island under current conditions of threats from two trophic levels (introduced parasitic dipteran, introduced mammalian/avian predators; with Galápagos Short-Eared Owls being the only native predator in the system).</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a"><i<Rattus rattus</i<</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a"><i<Philornis downsi</i<</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Short-eared Owl</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Smooth-billed Ani</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">avian predators</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">invasive species</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Ecology</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Animal culture</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Lauren K. 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Nesting Success and Nesting Height in the Critically Endangered Medium Tree Finch (<i<Camarhynchus pauper</i<)

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