Spatially Explicit Assessment of Agricultural Water Equilibrium in the Korean Peninsula

In agriculture, balancing water use and retention is an issue dealt with in most regions and for many crops. In this study, we suggest agricultural water equilibrium (AWE) as a new concept that can facilitate a spatially explicit management of agricultural water. This concept is based on the princip...
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Autor*in:	Chul-Hee Lim [verfasserIn] Yuyoung Choi [verfasserIn] Moonil Kim [verfasserIn] Soo Jeong Lee [verfasserIn] Christian Folberth [verfasserIn] Woo-Kyun Lee [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2018

Schlagwörter:	agricultural water equilibrium virtual water content cropland water budget GEPIC agricultural water demand and supply

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Sustainability - MDPI AG, 2009, 10(2018), 1, p 201
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:10 ; year:2018 ; number:1, p 201

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/su10010201

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ019287275

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allfields	10.3390/su10010201 doi (DE-627)DOAJ019287275 (DE-599)DOAJ28d07c28862d46f78950d6cccf34cba0 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TD194-195 TJ807-830 GE1-350 Chul-Hee Lim verfasserin aut Spatially Explicit Assessment of Agricultural Water Equilibrium in the Korean Peninsula 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier In agriculture, balancing water use and retention is an issue dealt with in most regions and for many crops. In this study, we suggest agricultural water equilibrium (AWE) as a new concept that can facilitate a spatially explicit management of agricultural water. This concept is based on the principle of supply and demand of agricultural water, where the virtual water content of crops (VWC) can be defined as the demand, and cropland water budget (CWB) as the supply. For assessing the AWE of the Korean Peninsula, we quantified the CWB based on the hydrological cycle and the VWC of rice, a key crop in the Peninsula. Five factors, namely crop yield, growing season evapotranspiration, annual evapotranspiration, runoff, and annual precipitation, were used to assess the AWE, of which the first four were estimated using the spatially explicit large-scale crop model, Geographical Information System (GIS)-based Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (GEPIC). The CWB and VWC were calculated for a period of three decades, and the AWE was computed by deducting the VWC from the CWB. Our results show a latitudinal difference across the Korean Peninsula. On analyzing the AWE of the major river basins, we found most basins in North Korea showed very low values inferring unsustainable overconsumption of water. The latitudinal difference in AWE is a reflectance of the latitudinal changes in the VWC and CWB. This can be explained by decoupling the demand and supply of agricultural water. Although the AWE values presented in this study were not absolute, the values were sufficient to explain the latitudinal change, and the demand and supply of agricultural water, and establish the usefulness of the indicator. agricultural water equilibrium virtual water content cropland water budget GEPIC agricultural water demand and supply Environmental effects of industries and plants Renewable energy sources Environmental sciences Yuyoung Choi verfasserin aut Moonil Kim verfasserin aut Soo Jeong Lee verfasserin aut Christian Folberth verfasserin aut Woo-Kyun Lee verfasserin aut In Sustainability MDPI AG, 2009 10(2018), 1, p 201 (DE-627)610604120 (DE-600)2518383-7 20711050 nnns volume:10 year:2018 number:1, p 201 https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010201 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/28d07c28862d46f78950d6cccf34cba0 kostenfrei http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/10/1/201 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 10 2018 1, p 201
spelling	10.3390/su10010201 doi (DE-627)DOAJ019287275 (DE-599)DOAJ28d07c28862d46f78950d6cccf34cba0 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TD194-195 TJ807-830 GE1-350 Chul-Hee Lim verfasserin aut Spatially Explicit Assessment of Agricultural Water Equilibrium in the Korean Peninsula 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier In agriculture, balancing water use and retention is an issue dealt with in most regions and for many crops. In this study, we suggest agricultural water equilibrium (AWE) as a new concept that can facilitate a spatially explicit management of agricultural water. This concept is based on the principle of supply and demand of agricultural water, where the virtual water content of crops (VWC) can be defined as the demand, and cropland water budget (CWB) as the supply. For assessing the AWE of the Korean Peninsula, we quantified the CWB based on the hydrological cycle and the VWC of rice, a key crop in the Peninsula. Five factors, namely crop yield, growing season evapotranspiration, annual evapotranspiration, runoff, and annual precipitation, were used to assess the AWE, of which the first four were estimated using the spatially explicit large-scale crop model, Geographical Information System (GIS)-based Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (GEPIC). The CWB and VWC were calculated for a period of three decades, and the AWE was computed by deducting the VWC from the CWB. Our results show a latitudinal difference across the Korean Peninsula. On analyzing the AWE of the major river basins, we found most basins in North Korea showed very low values inferring unsustainable overconsumption of water. The latitudinal difference in AWE is a reflectance of the latitudinal changes in the VWC and CWB. This can be explained by decoupling the demand and supply of agricultural water. Although the AWE values presented in this study were not absolute, the values were sufficient to explain the latitudinal change, and the demand and supply of agricultural water, and establish the usefulness of the indicator. agricultural water equilibrium virtual water content cropland water budget GEPIC agricultural water demand and supply Environmental effects of industries and plants Renewable energy sources Environmental sciences Yuyoung Choi verfasserin aut Moonil Kim verfasserin aut Soo Jeong Lee verfasserin aut Christian Folberth verfasserin aut Woo-Kyun Lee verfasserin aut In Sustainability MDPI AG, 2009 10(2018), 1, p 201 (DE-627)610604120 (DE-600)2518383-7 20711050 nnns volume:10 year:2018 number:1, p 201 https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010201 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/28d07c28862d46f78950d6cccf34cba0 kostenfrei http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/10/1/201 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 10 2018 1, p 201
allfields_unstemmed	10.3390/su10010201 doi (DE-627)DOAJ019287275 (DE-599)DOAJ28d07c28862d46f78950d6cccf34cba0 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TD194-195 TJ807-830 GE1-350 Chul-Hee Lim verfasserin aut Spatially Explicit Assessment of Agricultural Water Equilibrium in the Korean Peninsula 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier In agriculture, balancing water use and retention is an issue dealt with in most regions and for many crops. In this study, we suggest agricultural water equilibrium (AWE) as a new concept that can facilitate a spatially explicit management of agricultural water. This concept is based on the principle of supply and demand of agricultural water, where the virtual water content of crops (VWC) can be defined as the demand, and cropland water budget (CWB) as the supply. For assessing the AWE of the Korean Peninsula, we quantified the CWB based on the hydrological cycle and the VWC of rice, a key crop in the Peninsula. Five factors, namely crop yield, growing season evapotranspiration, annual evapotranspiration, runoff, and annual precipitation, were used to assess the AWE, of which the first four were estimated using the spatially explicit large-scale crop model, Geographical Information System (GIS)-based Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (GEPIC). The CWB and VWC were calculated for a period of three decades, and the AWE was computed by deducting the VWC from the CWB. Our results show a latitudinal difference across the Korean Peninsula. On analyzing the AWE of the major river basins, we found most basins in North Korea showed very low values inferring unsustainable overconsumption of water. The latitudinal difference in AWE is a reflectance of the latitudinal changes in the VWC and CWB. This can be explained by decoupling the demand and supply of agricultural water. Although the AWE values presented in this study were not absolute, the values were sufficient to explain the latitudinal change, and the demand and supply of agricultural water, and establish the usefulness of the indicator. agricultural water equilibrium virtual water content cropland water budget GEPIC agricultural water demand and supply Environmental effects of industries and plants Renewable energy sources Environmental sciences Yuyoung Choi verfasserin aut Moonil Kim verfasserin aut Soo Jeong Lee verfasserin aut Christian Folberth verfasserin aut Woo-Kyun Lee verfasserin aut In Sustainability MDPI AG, 2009 10(2018), 1, p 201 (DE-627)610604120 (DE-600)2518383-7 20711050 nnns volume:10 year:2018 number:1, p 201 https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010201 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/28d07c28862d46f78950d6cccf34cba0 kostenfrei http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/10/1/201 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 10 2018 1, p 201
allfieldsGer	10.3390/su10010201 doi (DE-627)DOAJ019287275 (DE-599)DOAJ28d07c28862d46f78950d6cccf34cba0 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TD194-195 TJ807-830 GE1-350 Chul-Hee Lim verfasserin aut Spatially Explicit Assessment of Agricultural Water Equilibrium in the Korean Peninsula 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier In agriculture, balancing water use and retention is an issue dealt with in most regions and for many crops. In this study, we suggest agricultural water equilibrium (AWE) as a new concept that can facilitate a spatially explicit management of agricultural water. This concept is based on the principle of supply and demand of agricultural water, where the virtual water content of crops (VWC) can be defined as the demand, and cropland water budget (CWB) as the supply. For assessing the AWE of the Korean Peninsula, we quantified the CWB based on the hydrological cycle and the VWC of rice, a key crop in the Peninsula. Five factors, namely crop yield, growing season evapotranspiration, annual evapotranspiration, runoff, and annual precipitation, were used to assess the AWE, of which the first four were estimated using the spatially explicit large-scale crop model, Geographical Information System (GIS)-based Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (GEPIC). The CWB and VWC were calculated for a period of three decades, and the AWE was computed by deducting the VWC from the CWB. Our results show a latitudinal difference across the Korean Peninsula. On analyzing the AWE of the major river basins, we found most basins in North Korea showed very low values inferring unsustainable overconsumption of water. The latitudinal difference in AWE is a reflectance of the latitudinal changes in the VWC and CWB. This can be explained by decoupling the demand and supply of agricultural water. Although the AWE values presented in this study were not absolute, the values were sufficient to explain the latitudinal change, and the demand and supply of agricultural water, and establish the usefulness of the indicator. agricultural water equilibrium virtual water content cropland water budget GEPIC agricultural water demand and supply Environmental effects of industries and plants Renewable energy sources Environmental sciences Yuyoung Choi verfasserin aut Moonil Kim verfasserin aut Soo Jeong Lee verfasserin aut Christian Folberth verfasserin aut Woo-Kyun Lee verfasserin aut In Sustainability MDPI AG, 2009 10(2018), 1, p 201 (DE-627)610604120 (DE-600)2518383-7 20711050 nnns volume:10 year:2018 number:1, p 201 https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010201 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/28d07c28862d46f78950d6cccf34cba0 kostenfrei http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/10/1/201 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 10 2018 1, p 201
allfieldsSound	10.3390/su10010201 doi (DE-627)DOAJ019287275 (DE-599)DOAJ28d07c28862d46f78950d6cccf34cba0 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TD194-195 TJ807-830 GE1-350 Chul-Hee Lim verfasserin aut Spatially Explicit Assessment of Agricultural Water Equilibrium in the Korean Peninsula 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier In agriculture, balancing water use and retention is an issue dealt with in most regions and for many crops. In this study, we suggest agricultural water equilibrium (AWE) as a new concept that can facilitate a spatially explicit management of agricultural water. This concept is based on the principle of supply and demand of agricultural water, where the virtual water content of crops (VWC) can be defined as the demand, and cropland water budget (CWB) as the supply. For assessing the AWE of the Korean Peninsula, we quantified the CWB based on the hydrological cycle and the VWC of rice, a key crop in the Peninsula. Five factors, namely crop yield, growing season evapotranspiration, annual evapotranspiration, runoff, and annual precipitation, were used to assess the AWE, of which the first four were estimated using the spatially explicit large-scale crop model, Geographical Information System (GIS)-based Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (GEPIC). The CWB and VWC were calculated for a period of three decades, and the AWE was computed by deducting the VWC from the CWB. Our results show a latitudinal difference across the Korean Peninsula. On analyzing the AWE of the major river basins, we found most basins in North Korea showed very low values inferring unsustainable overconsumption of water. The latitudinal difference in AWE is a reflectance of the latitudinal changes in the VWC and CWB. This can be explained by decoupling the demand and supply of agricultural water. Although the AWE values presented in this study were not absolute, the values were sufficient to explain the latitudinal change, and the demand and supply of agricultural water, and establish the usefulness of the indicator. agricultural water equilibrium virtual water content cropland water budget GEPIC agricultural water demand and supply Environmental effects of industries and plants Renewable energy sources Environmental sciences Yuyoung Choi verfasserin aut Moonil Kim verfasserin aut Soo Jeong Lee verfasserin aut Christian Folberth verfasserin aut Woo-Kyun Lee verfasserin aut In Sustainability MDPI AG, 2009 10(2018), 1, p 201 (DE-627)610604120 (DE-600)2518383-7 20711050 nnns volume:10 year:2018 number:1, p 201 https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010201 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/28d07c28862d46f78950d6cccf34cba0 kostenfrei http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/10/1/201 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 10 2018 1, p 201
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source	In Sustainability 10(2018), 1, p 201 volume:10 year:2018 number:1, p 201
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topic_facet	agricultural water equilibrium virtual water content cropland water budget GEPIC agricultural water demand and supply Environmental effects of industries and plants Renewable energy sources Environmental sciences
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container_title	Sustainability
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Chul-Hee Lim @@aut@@ Yuyoung Choi @@aut@@ Moonil Kim @@aut@@ Soo Jeong Lee @@aut@@ Christian Folberth @@aut@@ Woo-Kyun Lee @@aut@@
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callnumber-first	T - Technology
author	Chul-Hee Lim
spellingShingle	Chul-Hee Lim misc TD194-195 misc TJ807-830 misc GE1-350 misc agricultural water equilibrium misc virtual water content misc cropland water budget misc GEPIC misc agricultural water demand and supply misc Environmental effects of industries and plants misc Renewable energy sources misc Environmental sciences Spatially Explicit Assessment of Agricultural Water Equilibrium in the Korean Peninsula
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topic	misc TD194-195 misc TJ807-830 misc GE1-350 misc agricultural water equilibrium misc virtual water content misc cropland water budget misc GEPIC misc agricultural water demand and supply misc Environmental effects of industries and plants misc Renewable energy sources misc Environmental sciences
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title	Spatially Explicit Assessment of Agricultural Water Equilibrium in the Korean Peninsula
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title_full	Spatially Explicit Assessment of Agricultural Water Equilibrium in the Korean Peninsula
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title_sort	spatially explicit assessment of agricultural water equilibrium in the korean peninsula
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title_auth	Spatially Explicit Assessment of Agricultural Water Equilibrium in the Korean Peninsula
abstract	In agriculture, balancing water use and retention is an issue dealt with in most regions and for many crops. In this study, we suggest agricultural water equilibrium (AWE) as a new concept that can facilitate a spatially explicit management of agricultural water. This concept is based on the principle of supply and demand of agricultural water, where the virtual water content of crops (VWC) can be defined as the demand, and cropland water budget (CWB) as the supply. For assessing the AWE of the Korean Peninsula, we quantified the CWB based on the hydrological cycle and the VWC of rice, a key crop in the Peninsula. Five factors, namely crop yield, growing season evapotranspiration, annual evapotranspiration, runoff, and annual precipitation, were used to assess the AWE, of which the first four were estimated using the spatially explicit large-scale crop model, Geographical Information System (GIS)-based Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (GEPIC). The CWB and VWC were calculated for a period of three decades, and the AWE was computed by deducting the VWC from the CWB. Our results show a latitudinal difference across the Korean Peninsula. On analyzing the AWE of the major river basins, we found most basins in North Korea showed very low values inferring unsustainable overconsumption of water. The latitudinal difference in AWE is a reflectance of the latitudinal changes in the VWC and CWB. This can be explained by decoupling the demand and supply of agricultural water. Although the AWE values presented in this study were not absolute, the values were sufficient to explain the latitudinal change, and the demand and supply of agricultural water, and establish the usefulness of the indicator.
abstractGer	In agriculture, balancing water use and retention is an issue dealt with in most regions and for many crops. In this study, we suggest agricultural water equilibrium (AWE) as a new concept that can facilitate a spatially explicit management of agricultural water. This concept is based on the principle of supply and demand of agricultural water, where the virtual water content of crops (VWC) can be defined as the demand, and cropland water budget (CWB) as the supply. For assessing the AWE of the Korean Peninsula, we quantified the CWB based on the hydrological cycle and the VWC of rice, a key crop in the Peninsula. Five factors, namely crop yield, growing season evapotranspiration, annual evapotranspiration, runoff, and annual precipitation, were used to assess the AWE, of which the first four were estimated using the spatially explicit large-scale crop model, Geographical Information System (GIS)-based Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (GEPIC). The CWB and VWC were calculated for a period of three decades, and the AWE was computed by deducting the VWC from the CWB. Our results show a latitudinal difference across the Korean Peninsula. On analyzing the AWE of the major river basins, we found most basins in North Korea showed very low values inferring unsustainable overconsumption of water. The latitudinal difference in AWE is a reflectance of the latitudinal changes in the VWC and CWB. This can be explained by decoupling the demand and supply of agricultural water. Although the AWE values presented in this study were not absolute, the values were sufficient to explain the latitudinal change, and the demand and supply of agricultural water, and establish the usefulness of the indicator.
abstract_unstemmed	In agriculture, balancing water use and retention is an issue dealt with in most regions and for many crops. In this study, we suggest agricultural water equilibrium (AWE) as a new concept that can facilitate a spatially explicit management of agricultural water. This concept is based on the principle of supply and demand of agricultural water, where the virtual water content of crops (VWC) can be defined as the demand, and cropland water budget (CWB) as the supply. For assessing the AWE of the Korean Peninsula, we quantified the CWB based on the hydrological cycle and the VWC of rice, a key crop in the Peninsula. Five factors, namely crop yield, growing season evapotranspiration, annual evapotranspiration, runoff, and annual precipitation, were used to assess the AWE, of which the first four were estimated using the spatially explicit large-scale crop model, Geographical Information System (GIS)-based Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (GEPIC). The CWB and VWC were calculated for a period of three decades, and the AWE was computed by deducting the VWC from the CWB. Our results show a latitudinal difference across the Korean Peninsula. On analyzing the AWE of the major river basins, we found most basins in North Korea showed very low values inferring unsustainable overconsumption of water. The latitudinal difference in AWE is a reflectance of the latitudinal changes in the VWC and CWB. This can be explained by decoupling the demand and supply of agricultural water. Although the AWE values presented in this study were not absolute, the values were sufficient to explain the latitudinal change, and the demand and supply of agricultural water, and establish the usefulness of the indicator.
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title_short	Spatially Explicit Assessment of Agricultural Water Equilibrium in the Korean Peninsula
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Our results show a latitudinal difference across the Korean Peninsula. On analyzing the AWE of the major river basins, we found most basins in North Korea showed very low values inferring unsustainable overconsumption of water. The latitudinal difference in AWE is a reflectance of the latitudinal changes in the VWC and CWB. This can be explained by decoupling the demand and supply of agricultural water. 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Spatially Explicit Assessment of Agricultural Water Equilibrium in the Korean Peninsula

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