Centella asiatica: Secondary metabolites, biological activities and biomass sources

Background: Phytochemistry of Centella asiatica (CA) gained momentum after the discovery of asiaticoside in the early 1940s. Though there is lot of literature on this precious herb, its chemistry has not been comprehensively reviewed. Moreover, several duplicate names, synonyms and contradictory findings were observed in CA literature. The traditional, food and vegetable, pharmaceutical and cosmetic uses of CA are steadily on the rise, resulting in its ever increasing biomass requirements. Methods: This article is an inclusive review of the last eight decades of chemistry of CA. Its biological activities, food and beverage, cosmetic applications and natural and alternate biomass sources are also assessed. CA literature for this review was gathered from web-based resources such as PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar, and chemical structures were drawn using ChemDraw software. Results: So far 139 secondary metabolites were isolated from CA, viz., ursane-type triterpenes (11), oleanane-type triterpenes (5), ursane-type triterpene glycosides (30), oleanane-type triterpene glycosides (14), dammarane-type triterpene glycosides (15), steroids (4), steroid glycosides (2), flavonoids (18), polyacetylenes (9), phenolic acids (13) and other miscellaneous compounds (18). Of these 139 compounds, 70 are new entities described for the first time. Most prominent CA metabolites are the four ursane type triterpenes, viz., asiatic acid, madecassic acid, asiaticoside and madecassoside. Naming issues and contradictory findings are resolved in this article. Biological activities of CA and its secondary metabolites are also reviewed. The wide use of CA as a vegetable and food ingredient is justified by the antioxidant activities of its phenolics, flavonoids and other constituents. The traditional uses, geographical sources, conservation status, industrial demand, elite clones, alternative sources, chemical variability, ecological and other allied parameters and quality control requirements of CA are also discussed in the context of its chemistry and secondary metabolites. Conclusion: This review emphasizes the need to study the biology of the least investigated CA metabolites, viz., oleanane-type triterpenoids, caffeoyl quinic acids, polyacetylenes, phenolics, miscellaneous compounds. Moreover, a comprehensive description of the secondary metabolites in CA will aid its future chemistry, biosynthesis, chemical transformation and biological activity studies. Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Renju Kunjumon [verfasserIn] Anil John Johnson [verfasserIn] Sabulal Baby [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2022

Schlagwörter:	Centella asiatica Phytochemistry Secondary metabolites Biological activities Commercial uses

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Phytomedicine Plus - Elsevier, 2021, 2(2022), 1, Seite 100176-
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:2 ; year:2022 ; number:1 ; pages:100176-

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.1016/j.phyplu.2021.100176

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ019381492

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520			\|a Background: Phytochemistry of Centella asiatica (CA) gained momentum after the discovery of asiaticoside in the early 1940s. Though there is lot of literature on this precious herb, its chemistry has not been comprehensively reviewed. Moreover, several duplicate names, synonyms and contradictory findings were observed in CA literature. The traditional, food and vegetable, pharmaceutical and cosmetic uses of CA are steadily on the rise, resulting in its ever increasing biomass requirements. Methods: This article is an inclusive review of the last eight decades of chemistry of CA. Its biological activities, food and beverage, cosmetic applications and natural and alternate biomass sources are also assessed. CA literature for this review was gathered from web-based resources such as PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar, and chemical structures were drawn using ChemDraw software. Results: So far 139 secondary metabolites were isolated from CA, viz., ursane-type triterpenes (11), oleanane-type triterpenes (5), ursane-type triterpene glycosides (30), oleanane-type triterpene glycosides (14), dammarane-type triterpene glycosides (15), steroids (4), steroid glycosides (2), flavonoids (18), polyacetylenes (9), phenolic acids (13) and other miscellaneous compounds (18). Of these 139 compounds, 70 are new entities described for the first time. Most prominent CA metabolites are the four ursane type triterpenes, viz., asiatic acid, madecassic acid, asiaticoside and madecassoside. Naming issues and contradictory findings are resolved in this article. Biological activities of CA and its secondary metabolites are also reviewed. The wide use of CA as a vegetable and food ingredient is justified by the antioxidant activities of its phenolics, flavonoids and other constituents. The traditional uses, geographical sources, conservation status, industrial demand, elite clones, alternative sources, chemical variability, ecological and other allied parameters and quality control requirements of CA are also discussed in the context of its chemistry and secondary metabolites. Conclusion: This review emphasizes the need to study the biology of the least investigated CA metabolites, viz., oleanane-type triterpenoids, caffeoyl quinic acids, polyacetylenes, phenolics, miscellaneous compounds. Moreover, a comprehensive description of the secondary metabolites in CA will aid its future chemistry, biosynthesis, chemical transformation and biological activity studies.
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allfields	10.1016/j.phyplu.2021.100176 doi (DE-627)DOAJ019381492 (DE-599)DOAJ0335a1e94d494996926ce3f35645e0dc DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RZ201-999 Renju Kunjumon verfasserin aut Centella asiatica: Secondary metabolites, biological activities and biomass sources 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Background: Phytochemistry of Centella asiatica (CA) gained momentum after the discovery of asiaticoside in the early 1940s. Though there is lot of literature on this precious herb, its chemistry has not been comprehensively reviewed. Moreover, several duplicate names, synonyms and contradictory findings were observed in CA literature. The traditional, food and vegetable, pharmaceutical and cosmetic uses of CA are steadily on the rise, resulting in its ever increasing biomass requirements. Methods: This article is an inclusive review of the last eight decades of chemistry of CA. Its biological activities, food and beverage, cosmetic applications and natural and alternate biomass sources are also assessed. CA literature for this review was gathered from web-based resources such as PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar, and chemical structures were drawn using ChemDraw software. Results: So far 139 secondary metabolites were isolated from CA, viz., ursane-type triterpenes (11), oleanane-type triterpenes (5), ursane-type triterpene glycosides (30), oleanane-type triterpene glycosides (14), dammarane-type triterpene glycosides (15), steroids (4), steroid glycosides (2), flavonoids (18), polyacetylenes (9), phenolic acids (13) and other miscellaneous compounds (18). Of these 139 compounds, 70 are new entities described for the first time. Most prominent CA metabolites are the four ursane type triterpenes, viz., asiatic acid, madecassic acid, asiaticoside and madecassoside. Naming issues and contradictory findings are resolved in this article. Biological activities of CA and its secondary metabolites are also reviewed. The wide use of CA as a vegetable and food ingredient is justified by the antioxidant activities of its phenolics, flavonoids and other constituents. The traditional uses, geographical sources, conservation status, industrial demand, elite clones, alternative sources, chemical variability, ecological and other allied parameters and quality control requirements of CA are also discussed in the context of its chemistry and secondary metabolites. Conclusion: This review emphasizes the need to study the biology of the least investigated CA metabolites, viz., oleanane-type triterpenoids, caffeoyl quinic acids, polyacetylenes, phenolics, miscellaneous compounds. Moreover, a comprehensive description of the secondary metabolites in CA will aid its future chemistry, biosynthesis, chemical transformation and biological activity studies. Centella asiatica Phytochemistry Secondary metabolites Biological activities Commercial uses Other systems of medicine Anil John Johnson verfasserin aut Sabulal Baby verfasserin aut In Phytomedicine Plus Elsevier, 2021 2(2022), 1, Seite 100176- (DE-627)1755590091 26670313 nnns volume:2 year:2022 number:1 pages:100176- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phyplu.2021.100176 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/0335a1e94d494996926ce3f35645e0dc kostenfrei http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667031321001585 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2667-0313 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 2 2022 1 100176-
spelling	10.1016/j.phyplu.2021.100176 doi (DE-627)DOAJ019381492 (DE-599)DOAJ0335a1e94d494996926ce3f35645e0dc DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RZ201-999 Renju Kunjumon verfasserin aut Centella asiatica: Secondary metabolites, biological activities and biomass sources 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Background: Phytochemistry of Centella asiatica (CA) gained momentum after the discovery of asiaticoside in the early 1940s. Though there is lot of literature on this precious herb, its chemistry has not been comprehensively reviewed. Moreover, several duplicate names, synonyms and contradictory findings were observed in CA literature. The traditional, food and vegetable, pharmaceutical and cosmetic uses of CA are steadily on the rise, resulting in its ever increasing biomass requirements. Methods: This article is an inclusive review of the last eight decades of chemistry of CA. Its biological activities, food and beverage, cosmetic applications and natural and alternate biomass sources are also assessed. CA literature for this review was gathered from web-based resources such as PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar, and chemical structures were drawn using ChemDraw software. Results: So far 139 secondary metabolites were isolated from CA, viz., ursane-type triterpenes (11), oleanane-type triterpenes (5), ursane-type triterpene glycosides (30), oleanane-type triterpene glycosides (14), dammarane-type triterpene glycosides (15), steroids (4), steroid glycosides (2), flavonoids (18), polyacetylenes (9), phenolic acids (13) and other miscellaneous compounds (18). Of these 139 compounds, 70 are new entities described for the first time. Most prominent CA metabolites are the four ursane type triterpenes, viz., asiatic acid, madecassic acid, asiaticoside and madecassoside. Naming issues and contradictory findings are resolved in this article. Biological activities of CA and its secondary metabolites are also reviewed. The wide use of CA as a vegetable and food ingredient is justified by the antioxidant activities of its phenolics, flavonoids and other constituents. The traditional uses, geographical sources, conservation status, industrial demand, elite clones, alternative sources, chemical variability, ecological and other allied parameters and quality control requirements of CA are also discussed in the context of its chemistry and secondary metabolites. Conclusion: This review emphasizes the need to study the biology of the least investigated CA metabolites, viz., oleanane-type triterpenoids, caffeoyl quinic acids, polyacetylenes, phenolics, miscellaneous compounds. Moreover, a comprehensive description of the secondary metabolites in CA will aid its future chemistry, biosynthesis, chemical transformation and biological activity studies. Centella asiatica Phytochemistry Secondary metabolites Biological activities Commercial uses Other systems of medicine Anil John Johnson verfasserin aut Sabulal Baby verfasserin aut In Phytomedicine Plus Elsevier, 2021 2(2022), 1, Seite 100176- (DE-627)1755590091 26670313 nnns volume:2 year:2022 number:1 pages:100176- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phyplu.2021.100176 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/0335a1e94d494996926ce3f35645e0dc kostenfrei http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667031321001585 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2667-0313 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 2 2022 1 100176-
allfields_unstemmed	10.1016/j.phyplu.2021.100176 doi (DE-627)DOAJ019381492 (DE-599)DOAJ0335a1e94d494996926ce3f35645e0dc DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RZ201-999 Renju Kunjumon verfasserin aut Centella asiatica: Secondary metabolites, biological activities and biomass sources 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Background: Phytochemistry of Centella asiatica (CA) gained momentum after the discovery of asiaticoside in the early 1940s. Though there is lot of literature on this precious herb, its chemistry has not been comprehensively reviewed. Moreover, several duplicate names, synonyms and contradictory findings were observed in CA literature. The traditional, food and vegetable, pharmaceutical and cosmetic uses of CA are steadily on the rise, resulting in its ever increasing biomass requirements. Methods: This article is an inclusive review of the last eight decades of chemistry of CA. Its biological activities, food and beverage, cosmetic applications and natural and alternate biomass sources are also assessed. CA literature for this review was gathered from web-based resources such as PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar, and chemical structures were drawn using ChemDraw software. Results: So far 139 secondary metabolites were isolated from CA, viz., ursane-type triterpenes (11), oleanane-type triterpenes (5), ursane-type triterpene glycosides (30), oleanane-type triterpene glycosides (14), dammarane-type triterpene glycosides (15), steroids (4), steroid glycosides (2), flavonoids (18), polyacetylenes (9), phenolic acids (13) and other miscellaneous compounds (18). Of these 139 compounds, 70 are new entities described for the first time. Most prominent CA metabolites are the four ursane type triterpenes, viz., asiatic acid, madecassic acid, asiaticoside and madecassoside. Naming issues and contradictory findings are resolved in this article. Biological activities of CA and its secondary metabolites are also reviewed. The wide use of CA as a vegetable and food ingredient is justified by the antioxidant activities of its phenolics, flavonoids and other constituents. The traditional uses, geographical sources, conservation status, industrial demand, elite clones, alternative sources, chemical variability, ecological and other allied parameters and quality control requirements of CA are also discussed in the context of its chemistry and secondary metabolites. Conclusion: This review emphasizes the need to study the biology of the least investigated CA metabolites, viz., oleanane-type triterpenoids, caffeoyl quinic acids, polyacetylenes, phenolics, miscellaneous compounds. Moreover, a comprehensive description of the secondary metabolites in CA will aid its future chemistry, biosynthesis, chemical transformation and biological activity studies. Centella asiatica Phytochemistry Secondary metabolites Biological activities Commercial uses Other systems of medicine Anil John Johnson verfasserin aut Sabulal Baby verfasserin aut In Phytomedicine Plus Elsevier, 2021 2(2022), 1, Seite 100176- (DE-627)1755590091 26670313 nnns volume:2 year:2022 number:1 pages:100176- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phyplu.2021.100176 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/0335a1e94d494996926ce3f35645e0dc kostenfrei http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667031321001585 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2667-0313 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 2 2022 1 100176-
allfieldsGer	10.1016/j.phyplu.2021.100176 doi (DE-627)DOAJ019381492 (DE-599)DOAJ0335a1e94d494996926ce3f35645e0dc DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RZ201-999 Renju Kunjumon verfasserin aut Centella asiatica: Secondary metabolites, biological activities and biomass sources 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Background: Phytochemistry of Centella asiatica (CA) gained momentum after the discovery of asiaticoside in the early 1940s. Though there is lot of literature on this precious herb, its chemistry has not been comprehensively reviewed. Moreover, several duplicate names, synonyms and contradictory findings were observed in CA literature. The traditional, food and vegetable, pharmaceutical and cosmetic uses of CA are steadily on the rise, resulting in its ever increasing biomass requirements. Methods: This article is an inclusive review of the last eight decades of chemistry of CA. Its biological activities, food and beverage, cosmetic applications and natural and alternate biomass sources are also assessed. CA literature for this review was gathered from web-based resources such as PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar, and chemical structures were drawn using ChemDraw software. Results: So far 139 secondary metabolites were isolated from CA, viz., ursane-type triterpenes (11), oleanane-type triterpenes (5), ursane-type triterpene glycosides (30), oleanane-type triterpene glycosides (14), dammarane-type triterpene glycosides (15), steroids (4), steroid glycosides (2), flavonoids (18), polyacetylenes (9), phenolic acids (13) and other miscellaneous compounds (18). Of these 139 compounds, 70 are new entities described for the first time. Most prominent CA metabolites are the four ursane type triterpenes, viz., asiatic acid, madecassic acid, asiaticoside and madecassoside. Naming issues and contradictory findings are resolved in this article. Biological activities of CA and its secondary metabolites are also reviewed. The wide use of CA as a vegetable and food ingredient is justified by the antioxidant activities of its phenolics, flavonoids and other constituents. The traditional uses, geographical sources, conservation status, industrial demand, elite clones, alternative sources, chemical variability, ecological and other allied parameters and quality control requirements of CA are also discussed in the context of its chemistry and secondary metabolites. Conclusion: This review emphasizes the need to study the biology of the least investigated CA metabolites, viz., oleanane-type triterpenoids, caffeoyl quinic acids, polyacetylenes, phenolics, miscellaneous compounds. Moreover, a comprehensive description of the secondary metabolites in CA will aid its future chemistry, biosynthesis, chemical transformation and biological activity studies. Centella asiatica Phytochemistry Secondary metabolites Biological activities Commercial uses Other systems of medicine Anil John Johnson verfasserin aut Sabulal Baby verfasserin aut In Phytomedicine Plus Elsevier, 2021 2(2022), 1, Seite 100176- (DE-627)1755590091 26670313 nnns volume:2 year:2022 number:1 pages:100176- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phyplu.2021.100176 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/0335a1e94d494996926ce3f35645e0dc kostenfrei http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667031321001585 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2667-0313 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 2 2022 1 100176-
allfieldsSound	10.1016/j.phyplu.2021.100176 doi (DE-627)DOAJ019381492 (DE-599)DOAJ0335a1e94d494996926ce3f35645e0dc DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RZ201-999 Renju Kunjumon verfasserin aut Centella asiatica: Secondary metabolites, biological activities and biomass sources 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Background: Phytochemistry of Centella asiatica (CA) gained momentum after the discovery of asiaticoside in the early 1940s. Though there is lot of literature on this precious herb, its chemistry has not been comprehensively reviewed. Moreover, several duplicate names, synonyms and contradictory findings were observed in CA literature. The traditional, food and vegetable, pharmaceutical and cosmetic uses of CA are steadily on the rise, resulting in its ever increasing biomass requirements. Methods: This article is an inclusive review of the last eight decades of chemistry of CA. Its biological activities, food and beverage, cosmetic applications and natural and alternate biomass sources are also assessed. CA literature for this review was gathered from web-based resources such as PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar, and chemical structures were drawn using ChemDraw software. Results: So far 139 secondary metabolites were isolated from CA, viz., ursane-type triterpenes (11), oleanane-type triterpenes (5), ursane-type triterpene glycosides (30), oleanane-type triterpene glycosides (14), dammarane-type triterpene glycosides (15), steroids (4), steroid glycosides (2), flavonoids (18), polyacetylenes (9), phenolic acids (13) and other miscellaneous compounds (18). Of these 139 compounds, 70 are new entities described for the first time. Most prominent CA metabolites are the four ursane type triterpenes, viz., asiatic acid, madecassic acid, asiaticoside and madecassoside. Naming issues and contradictory findings are resolved in this article. Biological activities of CA and its secondary metabolites are also reviewed. The wide use of CA as a vegetable and food ingredient is justified by the antioxidant activities of its phenolics, flavonoids and other constituents. The traditional uses, geographical sources, conservation status, industrial demand, elite clones, alternative sources, chemical variability, ecological and other allied parameters and quality control requirements of CA are also discussed in the context of its chemistry and secondary metabolites. Conclusion: This review emphasizes the need to study the biology of the least investigated CA metabolites, viz., oleanane-type triterpenoids, caffeoyl quinic acids, polyacetylenes, phenolics, miscellaneous compounds. Moreover, a comprehensive description of the secondary metabolites in CA will aid its future chemistry, biosynthesis, chemical transformation and biological activity studies. Centella asiatica Phytochemistry Secondary metabolites Biological activities Commercial uses Other systems of medicine Anil John Johnson verfasserin aut Sabulal Baby verfasserin aut In Phytomedicine Plus Elsevier, 2021 2(2022), 1, Seite 100176- (DE-627)1755590091 26670313 nnns volume:2 year:2022 number:1 pages:100176- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phyplu.2021.100176 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/0335a1e94d494996926ce3f35645e0dc kostenfrei http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667031321001585 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2667-0313 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 2 2022 1 100176-
language	English
source	In Phytomedicine Plus 2(2022), 1, Seite 100176- volume:2 year:2022 number:1 pages:100176-
sourceStr	In Phytomedicine Plus 2(2022), 1, Seite 100176- volume:2 year:2022 number:1 pages:100176-
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	Centella asiatica Phytochemistry Secondary metabolites Biological activities Commercial uses Other systems of medicine
isfreeaccess_bool	true
container_title	Phytomedicine Plus
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Renju Kunjumon @@aut@@ Anil John Johnson @@aut@@ Sabulal Baby @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	1755590091
id	DOAJ019381492
language_de	englisch
fullrecord	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01000caa a22002652 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">DOAJ019381492</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-627</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20230501191558.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">230226s2022 xx \|\|\|\|\|o 00\| \|\|eng c</controlfield><datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.1016/j.phyplu.2021.100176</subfield><subfield code="2">doi</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-627)DOAJ019381492</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)DOAJ0335a1e94d494996926ce3f35645e0dc</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="c">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="050" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">RZ201-999</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Renju Kunjumon</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Centella asiatica: Secondary metabolites, biological activities and biomass sources</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2022</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Computermedien</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Online-Ressource</subfield><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Background: Phytochemistry of Centella asiatica (CA) gained momentum after the discovery of asiaticoside in the early 1940s. Though there is lot of literature on this precious herb, its chemistry has not been comprehensively reviewed. Moreover, several duplicate names, synonyms and contradictory findings were observed in CA literature. The traditional, food and vegetable, pharmaceutical and cosmetic uses of CA are steadily on the rise, resulting in its ever increasing biomass requirements. Methods: This article is an inclusive review of the last eight decades of chemistry of CA. Its biological activities, food and beverage, cosmetic applications and natural and alternate biomass sources are also assessed. CA literature for this review was gathered from web-based resources such as PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar, and chemical structures were drawn using ChemDraw software. Results: So far 139 secondary metabolites were isolated from CA, viz., ursane-type triterpenes (11), oleanane-type triterpenes (5), ursane-type triterpene glycosides (30), oleanane-type triterpene glycosides (14), dammarane-type triterpene glycosides (15), steroids (4), steroid glycosides (2), flavonoids (18), polyacetylenes (9), phenolic acids (13) and other miscellaneous compounds (18). Of these 139 compounds, 70 are new entities described for the first time. Most prominent CA metabolites are the four ursane type triterpenes, viz., asiatic acid, madecassic acid, asiaticoside and madecassoside. Naming issues and contradictory findings are resolved in this article. Biological activities of CA and its secondary metabolites are also reviewed. The wide use of CA as a vegetable and food ingredient is justified by the antioxidant activities of its phenolics, flavonoids and other constituents. The traditional uses, geographical sources, conservation status, industrial demand, elite clones, alternative sources, chemical variability, ecological and other allied parameters and quality control requirements of CA are also discussed in the context of its chemistry and secondary metabolites. Conclusion: This review emphasizes the need to study the biology of the least investigated CA metabolites, viz., oleanane-type triterpenoids, caffeoyl quinic acids, polyacetylenes, phenolics, miscellaneous compounds. 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callnumber-first	R - Medicine
author	Renju Kunjumon
spellingShingle	Renju Kunjumon misc RZ201-999 misc Centella asiatica misc Phytochemistry misc Secondary metabolites misc Biological activities misc Commercial uses misc Other systems of medicine Centella asiatica: Secondary metabolites, biological activities and biomass sources
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topic_title	RZ201-999 Centella asiatica: Secondary metabolites, biological activities and biomass sources Centella asiatica Phytochemistry Secondary metabolites Biological activities Commercial uses
topic	misc RZ201-999 misc Centella asiatica misc Phytochemistry misc Secondary metabolites misc Biological activities misc Commercial uses misc Other systems of medicine
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title	Centella asiatica: Secondary metabolites, biological activities and biomass sources
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title_full	Centella asiatica: Secondary metabolites, biological activities and biomass sources
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title_sort	centella asiatica: secondary metabolites, biological activities and biomass sources
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title_auth	Centella asiatica: Secondary metabolites, biological activities and biomass sources
abstract	Background: Phytochemistry of Centella asiatica (CA) gained momentum after the discovery of asiaticoside in the early 1940s. Though there is lot of literature on this precious herb, its chemistry has not been comprehensively reviewed. Moreover, several duplicate names, synonyms and contradictory findings were observed in CA literature. The traditional, food and vegetable, pharmaceutical and cosmetic uses of CA are steadily on the rise, resulting in its ever increasing biomass requirements. Methods: This article is an inclusive review of the last eight decades of chemistry of CA. Its biological activities, food and beverage, cosmetic applications and natural and alternate biomass sources are also assessed. CA literature for this review was gathered from web-based resources such as PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar, and chemical structures were drawn using ChemDraw software. Results: So far 139 secondary metabolites were isolated from CA, viz., ursane-type triterpenes (11), oleanane-type triterpenes (5), ursane-type triterpene glycosides (30), oleanane-type triterpene glycosides (14), dammarane-type triterpene glycosides (15), steroids (4), steroid glycosides (2), flavonoids (18), polyacetylenes (9), phenolic acids (13) and other miscellaneous compounds (18). Of these 139 compounds, 70 are new entities described for the first time. Most prominent CA metabolites are the four ursane type triterpenes, viz., asiatic acid, madecassic acid, asiaticoside and madecassoside. Naming issues and contradictory findings are resolved in this article. Biological activities of CA and its secondary metabolites are also reviewed. The wide use of CA as a vegetable and food ingredient is justified by the antioxidant activities of its phenolics, flavonoids and other constituents. The traditional uses, geographical sources, conservation status, industrial demand, elite clones, alternative sources, chemical variability, ecological and other allied parameters and quality control requirements of CA are also discussed in the context of its chemistry and secondary metabolites. Conclusion: This review emphasizes the need to study the biology of the least investigated CA metabolites, viz., oleanane-type triterpenoids, caffeoyl quinic acids, polyacetylenes, phenolics, miscellaneous compounds. Moreover, a comprehensive description of the secondary metabolites in CA will aid its future chemistry, biosynthesis, chemical transformation and biological activity studies.
abstractGer	Background: Phytochemistry of Centella asiatica (CA) gained momentum after the discovery of asiaticoside in the early 1940s. Though there is lot of literature on this precious herb, its chemistry has not been comprehensively reviewed. Moreover, several duplicate names, synonyms and contradictory findings were observed in CA literature. The traditional, food and vegetable, pharmaceutical and cosmetic uses of CA are steadily on the rise, resulting in its ever increasing biomass requirements. Methods: This article is an inclusive review of the last eight decades of chemistry of CA. Its biological activities, food and beverage, cosmetic applications and natural and alternate biomass sources are also assessed. CA literature for this review was gathered from web-based resources such as PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar, and chemical structures were drawn using ChemDraw software. Results: So far 139 secondary metabolites were isolated from CA, viz., ursane-type triterpenes (11), oleanane-type triterpenes (5), ursane-type triterpene glycosides (30), oleanane-type triterpene glycosides (14), dammarane-type triterpene glycosides (15), steroids (4), steroid glycosides (2), flavonoids (18), polyacetylenes (9), phenolic acids (13) and other miscellaneous compounds (18). Of these 139 compounds, 70 are new entities described for the first time. Most prominent CA metabolites are the four ursane type triterpenes, viz., asiatic acid, madecassic acid, asiaticoside and madecassoside. Naming issues and contradictory findings are resolved in this article. Biological activities of CA and its secondary metabolites are also reviewed. The wide use of CA as a vegetable and food ingredient is justified by the antioxidant activities of its phenolics, flavonoids and other constituents. The traditional uses, geographical sources, conservation status, industrial demand, elite clones, alternative sources, chemical variability, ecological and other allied parameters and quality control requirements of CA are also discussed in the context of its chemistry and secondary metabolites. Conclusion: This review emphasizes the need to study the biology of the least investigated CA metabolites, viz., oleanane-type triterpenoids, caffeoyl quinic acids, polyacetylenes, phenolics, miscellaneous compounds. Moreover, a comprehensive description of the secondary metabolites in CA will aid its future chemistry, biosynthesis, chemical transformation and biological activity studies.
abstract_unstemmed	Background: Phytochemistry of Centella asiatica (CA) gained momentum after the discovery of asiaticoside in the early 1940s. Though there is lot of literature on this precious herb, its chemistry has not been comprehensively reviewed. Moreover, several duplicate names, synonyms and contradictory findings were observed in CA literature. The traditional, food and vegetable, pharmaceutical and cosmetic uses of CA are steadily on the rise, resulting in its ever increasing biomass requirements. Methods: This article is an inclusive review of the last eight decades of chemistry of CA. Its biological activities, food and beverage, cosmetic applications and natural and alternate biomass sources are also assessed. CA literature for this review was gathered from web-based resources such as PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar, and chemical structures were drawn using ChemDraw software. Results: So far 139 secondary metabolites were isolated from CA, viz., ursane-type triterpenes (11), oleanane-type triterpenes (5), ursane-type triterpene glycosides (30), oleanane-type triterpene glycosides (14), dammarane-type triterpene glycosides (15), steroids (4), steroid glycosides (2), flavonoids (18), polyacetylenes (9), phenolic acids (13) and other miscellaneous compounds (18). Of these 139 compounds, 70 are new entities described for the first time. Most prominent CA metabolites are the four ursane type triterpenes, viz., asiatic acid, madecassic acid, asiaticoside and madecassoside. Naming issues and contradictory findings are resolved in this article. Biological activities of CA and its secondary metabolites are also reviewed. The wide use of CA as a vegetable and food ingredient is justified by the antioxidant activities of its phenolics, flavonoids and other constituents. The traditional uses, geographical sources, conservation status, industrial demand, elite clones, alternative sources, chemical variability, ecological and other allied parameters and quality control requirements of CA are also discussed in the context of its chemistry and secondary metabolites. Conclusion: This review emphasizes the need to study the biology of the least investigated CA metabolites, viz., oleanane-type triterpenoids, caffeoyl quinic acids, polyacetylenes, phenolics, miscellaneous compounds. Moreover, a comprehensive description of the secondary metabolites in CA will aid its future chemistry, biosynthesis, chemical transformation and biological activity studies.
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title_short	Centella asiatica: Secondary metabolites, biological activities and biomass sources
url	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phyplu.2021.100176 https://doaj.org/article/0335a1e94d494996926ce3f35645e0dc http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667031321001585 https://doaj.org/toc/2667-0313
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up_date	2024-07-03T23:15:11.758Z
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fullrecord_marcxml	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01000caa a22002652 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">DOAJ019381492</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-627</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20230501191558.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">230226s2022 xx \|\|\|\|\|o 00\| \|\|eng c</controlfield><datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.1016/j.phyplu.2021.100176</subfield><subfield code="2">doi</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-627)DOAJ019381492</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)DOAJ0335a1e94d494996926ce3f35645e0dc</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="c">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="050" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">RZ201-999</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Renju Kunjumon</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Centella asiatica: Secondary metabolites, biological activities and biomass sources</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2022</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Computermedien</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Online-Ressource</subfield><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Background: Phytochemistry of Centella asiatica (CA) gained momentum after the discovery of asiaticoside in the early 1940s. Though there is lot of literature on this precious herb, its chemistry has not been comprehensively reviewed. Moreover, several duplicate names, synonyms and contradictory findings were observed in CA literature. The traditional, food and vegetable, pharmaceutical and cosmetic uses of CA are steadily on the rise, resulting in its ever increasing biomass requirements. Methods: This article is an inclusive review of the last eight decades of chemistry of CA. Its biological activities, food and beverage, cosmetic applications and natural and alternate biomass sources are also assessed. CA literature for this review was gathered from web-based resources such as PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar, and chemical structures were drawn using ChemDraw software. Results: So far 139 secondary metabolites were isolated from CA, viz., ursane-type triterpenes (11), oleanane-type triterpenes (5), ursane-type triterpene glycosides (30), oleanane-type triterpene glycosides (14), dammarane-type triterpene glycosides (15), steroids (4), steroid glycosides (2), flavonoids (18), polyacetylenes (9), phenolic acids (13) and other miscellaneous compounds (18). Of these 139 compounds, 70 are new entities described for the first time. Most prominent CA metabolites are the four ursane type triterpenes, viz., asiatic acid, madecassic acid, asiaticoside and madecassoside. Naming issues and contradictory findings are resolved in this article. Biological activities of CA and its secondary metabolites are also reviewed. The wide use of CA as a vegetable and food ingredient is justified by the antioxidant activities of its phenolics, flavonoids and other constituents. The traditional uses, geographical sources, conservation status, industrial demand, elite clones, alternative sources, chemical variability, ecological and other allied parameters and quality control requirements of CA are also discussed in the context of its chemistry and secondary metabolites. Conclusion: This review emphasizes the need to study the biology of the least investigated CA metabolites, viz., oleanane-type triterpenoids, caffeoyl quinic acids, polyacetylenes, phenolics, miscellaneous compounds. 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Centella asiatica: Secondary metabolites, biological activities and biomass sources

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