Attentional Control and Fear Extinction in Subclinical Fear: An Exploratory Study

Attentional control (AC) and fear extinction learning are known to be involved in pathological anxiety. In this study we explored whether individual differences in non-emotional AC were associated with individual differences in the magnitude and gradient of fear extinction (learning and recall). In...
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Autor*in:	Eduard Forcadell [verfasserIn] David Torrents-Rodas [verfasserIn] Devi Treen [verfasserIn] Miquel A. Fullana [verfasserIn] Miquel Tortella-Feliu [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2017

Schlagwörter:	attentional control attentional network functioning fear extinction extinction learning extinction recall anxiety disorders

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Frontiers in Psychology - Frontiers Media S.A., 2010, 8(2017)
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:8 ; year:2017

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01654

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ021366616

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520			\|a Attentional control (AC) and fear extinction learning are known to be involved in pathological anxiety. In this study we explored whether individual differences in non-emotional AC were associated with individual differences in the magnitude and gradient of fear extinction (learning and recall). In 50 individuals with fear of spiders, we collected measures of non-emotional AC by means of self-report and by assessing the functioning of the major attention networks (executive control, orienting, and alerting). The participants then underwent a paradigm assessing fear extinction learning and extinction recall. The two components of the orienting network functioning (costs and benefits) were significantly associated with fear extinction gradient over and above the effects of trait anxiety. Specifically, participants with enhanced orienting costs (i.e., difficulties in disengaging attention from cues not relevant for the task) showed faster extinction learning, while those with enhanced orienting benefits (i.e., attention facilitated by valid cues) exhibited faster extinction recall as measured by fear-potentiated startle and Unconditioned Stimulus expectancies, respectively. Our findings suggest that, in non-emotional conditions, the orienting component of attention may be predictive of fear extinction. They also show that the use of fear extinction gradients and the exploration of individual differences in non-emotional AC (using performance-based measures of attentional network functioning) can provide a better understanding of individual differences in fear learning. Our findings also may help to understand differences in exposure therapy outcomes.
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spelling	10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01654 doi (DE-627)DOAJ021366616 (DE-599)DOAJ43fecf7bb66145e698df6acaa2b9dfd2 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng BF1-990 Eduard Forcadell verfasserin aut Attentional Control and Fear Extinction in Subclinical Fear: An Exploratory Study 2017 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Attentional control (AC) and fear extinction learning are known to be involved in pathological anxiety. In this study we explored whether individual differences in non-emotional AC were associated with individual differences in the magnitude and gradient of fear extinction (learning and recall). In 50 individuals with fear of spiders, we collected measures of non-emotional AC by means of self-report and by assessing the functioning of the major attention networks (executive control, orienting, and alerting). The participants then underwent a paradigm assessing fear extinction learning and extinction recall. The two components of the orienting network functioning (costs and benefits) were significantly associated with fear extinction gradient over and above the effects of trait anxiety. Specifically, participants with enhanced orienting costs (i.e., difficulties in disengaging attention from cues not relevant for the task) showed faster extinction learning, while those with enhanced orienting benefits (i.e., attention facilitated by valid cues) exhibited faster extinction recall as measured by fear-potentiated startle and Unconditioned Stimulus expectancies, respectively. Our findings suggest that, in non-emotional conditions, the orienting component of attention may be predictive of fear extinction. They also show that the use of fear extinction gradients and the exploration of individual differences in non-emotional AC (using performance-based measures of attentional network functioning) can provide a better understanding of individual differences in fear learning. Our findings also may help to understand differences in exposure therapy outcomes. attentional control attentional network functioning fear extinction extinction learning extinction recall anxiety disorders Psychology Eduard Forcadell verfasserin aut David Torrents-Rodas verfasserin aut David Torrents-Rodas verfasserin aut Devi Treen verfasserin aut Miquel A. Fullana verfasserin aut Miquel A. Fullana verfasserin aut Miquel A. Fullana verfasserin aut Miquel Tortella-Feliu verfasserin aut Miquel Tortella-Feliu verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Psychology Frontiers Media S.A., 2010 8(2017) (DE-627)631495711 (DE-600)2563826-9 16641078 nnns volume:8 year:2017 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01654 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/43fecf7bb66145e698df6acaa2b9dfd2 kostenfrei http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01654/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1664-1078 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_647 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 8 2017
allfields_unstemmed	10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01654 doi (DE-627)DOAJ021366616 (DE-599)DOAJ43fecf7bb66145e698df6acaa2b9dfd2 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng BF1-990 Eduard Forcadell verfasserin aut Attentional Control and Fear Extinction in Subclinical Fear: An Exploratory Study 2017 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Attentional control (AC) and fear extinction learning are known to be involved in pathological anxiety. In this study we explored whether individual differences in non-emotional AC were associated with individual differences in the magnitude and gradient of fear extinction (learning and recall). In 50 individuals with fear of spiders, we collected measures of non-emotional AC by means of self-report and by assessing the functioning of the major attention networks (executive control, orienting, and alerting). The participants then underwent a paradigm assessing fear extinction learning and extinction recall. The two components of the orienting network functioning (costs and benefits) were significantly associated with fear extinction gradient over and above the effects of trait anxiety. Specifically, participants with enhanced orienting costs (i.e., difficulties in disengaging attention from cues not relevant for the task) showed faster extinction learning, while those with enhanced orienting benefits (i.e., attention facilitated by valid cues) exhibited faster extinction recall as measured by fear-potentiated startle and Unconditioned Stimulus expectancies, respectively. Our findings suggest that, in non-emotional conditions, the orienting component of attention may be predictive of fear extinction. They also show that the use of fear extinction gradients and the exploration of individual differences in non-emotional AC (using performance-based measures of attentional network functioning) can provide a better understanding of individual differences in fear learning. Our findings also may help to understand differences in exposure therapy outcomes. attentional control attentional network functioning fear extinction extinction learning extinction recall anxiety disorders Psychology Eduard Forcadell verfasserin aut David Torrents-Rodas verfasserin aut David Torrents-Rodas verfasserin aut Devi Treen verfasserin aut Miquel A. Fullana verfasserin aut Miquel A. Fullana verfasserin aut Miquel A. Fullana verfasserin aut Miquel Tortella-Feliu verfasserin aut Miquel Tortella-Feliu verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Psychology Frontiers Media S.A., 2010 8(2017) (DE-627)631495711 (DE-600)2563826-9 16641078 nnns volume:8 year:2017 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01654 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/43fecf7bb66145e698df6acaa2b9dfd2 kostenfrei http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01654/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1664-1078 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_647 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 8 2017
allfieldsGer	10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01654 doi (DE-627)DOAJ021366616 (DE-599)DOAJ43fecf7bb66145e698df6acaa2b9dfd2 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng BF1-990 Eduard Forcadell verfasserin aut Attentional Control and Fear Extinction in Subclinical Fear: An Exploratory Study 2017 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Attentional control (AC) and fear extinction learning are known to be involved in pathological anxiety. In this study we explored whether individual differences in non-emotional AC were associated with individual differences in the magnitude and gradient of fear extinction (learning and recall). In 50 individuals with fear of spiders, we collected measures of non-emotional AC by means of self-report and by assessing the functioning of the major attention networks (executive control, orienting, and alerting). The participants then underwent a paradigm assessing fear extinction learning and extinction recall. The two components of the orienting network functioning (costs and benefits) were significantly associated with fear extinction gradient over and above the effects of trait anxiety. Specifically, participants with enhanced orienting costs (i.e., difficulties in disengaging attention from cues not relevant for the task) showed faster extinction learning, while those with enhanced orienting benefits (i.e., attention facilitated by valid cues) exhibited faster extinction recall as measured by fear-potentiated startle and Unconditioned Stimulus expectancies, respectively. Our findings suggest that, in non-emotional conditions, the orienting component of attention may be predictive of fear extinction. They also show that the use of fear extinction gradients and the exploration of individual differences in non-emotional AC (using performance-based measures of attentional network functioning) can provide a better understanding of individual differences in fear learning. Our findings also may help to understand differences in exposure therapy outcomes. attentional control attentional network functioning fear extinction extinction learning extinction recall anxiety disorders Psychology Eduard Forcadell verfasserin aut David Torrents-Rodas verfasserin aut David Torrents-Rodas verfasserin aut Devi Treen verfasserin aut Miquel A. Fullana verfasserin aut Miquel A. Fullana verfasserin aut Miquel A. Fullana verfasserin aut Miquel Tortella-Feliu verfasserin aut Miquel Tortella-Feliu verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Psychology Frontiers Media S.A., 2010 8(2017) (DE-627)631495711 (DE-600)2563826-9 16641078 nnns volume:8 year:2017 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01654 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/43fecf7bb66145e698df6acaa2b9dfd2 kostenfrei http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01654/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1664-1078 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_647 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 8 2017
allfieldsSound	10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01654 doi (DE-627)DOAJ021366616 (DE-599)DOAJ43fecf7bb66145e698df6acaa2b9dfd2 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng BF1-990 Eduard Forcadell verfasserin aut Attentional Control and Fear Extinction in Subclinical Fear: An Exploratory Study 2017 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Attentional control (AC) and fear extinction learning are known to be involved in pathological anxiety. In this study we explored whether individual differences in non-emotional AC were associated with individual differences in the magnitude and gradient of fear extinction (learning and recall). In 50 individuals with fear of spiders, we collected measures of non-emotional AC by means of self-report and by assessing the functioning of the major attention networks (executive control, orienting, and alerting). The participants then underwent a paradigm assessing fear extinction learning and extinction recall. The two components of the orienting network functioning (costs and benefits) were significantly associated with fear extinction gradient over and above the effects of trait anxiety. Specifically, participants with enhanced orienting costs (i.e., difficulties in disengaging attention from cues not relevant for the task) showed faster extinction learning, while those with enhanced orienting benefits (i.e., attention facilitated by valid cues) exhibited faster extinction recall as measured by fear-potentiated startle and Unconditioned Stimulus expectancies, respectively. Our findings suggest that, in non-emotional conditions, the orienting component of attention may be predictive of fear extinction. They also show that the use of fear extinction gradients and the exploration of individual differences in non-emotional AC (using performance-based measures of attentional network functioning) can provide a better understanding of individual differences in fear learning. Our findings also may help to understand differences in exposure therapy outcomes. attentional control attentional network functioning fear extinction extinction learning extinction recall anxiety disorders Psychology Eduard Forcadell verfasserin aut David Torrents-Rodas verfasserin aut David Torrents-Rodas verfasserin aut Devi Treen verfasserin aut Miquel A. Fullana verfasserin aut Miquel A. Fullana verfasserin aut Miquel A. Fullana verfasserin aut Miquel Tortella-Feliu verfasserin aut Miquel Tortella-Feliu verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Psychology Frontiers Media S.A., 2010 8(2017) (DE-627)631495711 (DE-600)2563826-9 16641078 nnns volume:8 year:2017 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01654 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/43fecf7bb66145e698df6acaa2b9dfd2 kostenfrei http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01654/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1664-1078 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_647 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 8 2017
language	English
source	In Frontiers in Psychology 8(2017) volume:8 year:2017
sourceStr	In Frontiers in Psychology 8(2017) volume:8 year:2017
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	attentional control attentional network functioning fear extinction extinction learning extinction recall anxiety disorders Psychology
isfreeaccess_bool	true
container_title	Frontiers in Psychology
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Eduard Forcadell @@aut@@ David Torrents-Rodas @@aut@@ Devi Treen @@aut@@ Miquel A. Fullana @@aut@@ Miquel Tortella-Feliu @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2017-01-01T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	631495711
id	DOAJ021366616
language_de	englisch
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callnumber-first	B - Philosophy, Psychology, Religion
author	Eduard Forcadell
spellingShingle	Eduard Forcadell misc BF1-990 misc attentional control misc attentional network functioning misc fear extinction misc extinction learning misc extinction recall misc anxiety disorders misc Psychology Attentional Control and Fear Extinction in Subclinical Fear: An Exploratory Study
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topic_title	BF1-990 Attentional Control and Fear Extinction in Subclinical Fear: An Exploratory Study attentional control attentional network functioning fear extinction extinction learning extinction recall anxiety disorders
topic	misc BF1-990 misc attentional control misc attentional network functioning misc fear extinction misc extinction learning misc extinction recall misc anxiety disorders misc Psychology
topic_unstemmed	misc BF1-990 misc attentional control misc attentional network functioning misc fear extinction misc extinction learning misc extinction recall misc anxiety disorders misc Psychology
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title	Attentional Control and Fear Extinction in Subclinical Fear: An Exploratory Study
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title_sort	attentional control and fear extinction in subclinical fear: an exploratory study
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title_auth	Attentional Control and Fear Extinction in Subclinical Fear: An Exploratory Study
abstract	Attentional control (AC) and fear extinction learning are known to be involved in pathological anxiety. In this study we explored whether individual differences in non-emotional AC were associated with individual differences in the magnitude and gradient of fear extinction (learning and recall). In 50 individuals with fear of spiders, we collected measures of non-emotional AC by means of self-report and by assessing the functioning of the major attention networks (executive control, orienting, and alerting). The participants then underwent a paradigm assessing fear extinction learning and extinction recall. The two components of the orienting network functioning (costs and benefits) were significantly associated with fear extinction gradient over and above the effects of trait anxiety. Specifically, participants with enhanced orienting costs (i.e., difficulties in disengaging attention from cues not relevant for the task) showed faster extinction learning, while those with enhanced orienting benefits (i.e., attention facilitated by valid cues) exhibited faster extinction recall as measured by fear-potentiated startle and Unconditioned Stimulus expectancies, respectively. Our findings suggest that, in non-emotional conditions, the orienting component of attention may be predictive of fear extinction. They also show that the use of fear extinction gradients and the exploration of individual differences in non-emotional AC (using performance-based measures of attentional network functioning) can provide a better understanding of individual differences in fear learning. Our findings also may help to understand differences in exposure therapy outcomes.
abstractGer	Attentional control (AC) and fear extinction learning are known to be involved in pathological anxiety. In this study we explored whether individual differences in non-emotional AC were associated with individual differences in the magnitude and gradient of fear extinction (learning and recall). In 50 individuals with fear of spiders, we collected measures of non-emotional AC by means of self-report and by assessing the functioning of the major attention networks (executive control, orienting, and alerting). The participants then underwent a paradigm assessing fear extinction learning and extinction recall. The two components of the orienting network functioning (costs and benefits) were significantly associated with fear extinction gradient over and above the effects of trait anxiety. Specifically, participants with enhanced orienting costs (i.e., difficulties in disengaging attention from cues not relevant for the task) showed faster extinction learning, while those with enhanced orienting benefits (i.e., attention facilitated by valid cues) exhibited faster extinction recall as measured by fear-potentiated startle and Unconditioned Stimulus expectancies, respectively. Our findings suggest that, in non-emotional conditions, the orienting component of attention may be predictive of fear extinction. They also show that the use of fear extinction gradients and the exploration of individual differences in non-emotional AC (using performance-based measures of attentional network functioning) can provide a better understanding of individual differences in fear learning. Our findings also may help to understand differences in exposure therapy outcomes.
abstract_unstemmed	Attentional control (AC) and fear extinction learning are known to be involved in pathological anxiety. In this study we explored whether individual differences in non-emotional AC were associated with individual differences in the magnitude and gradient of fear extinction (learning and recall). In 50 individuals with fear of spiders, we collected measures of non-emotional AC by means of self-report and by assessing the functioning of the major attention networks (executive control, orienting, and alerting). The participants then underwent a paradigm assessing fear extinction learning and extinction recall. The two components of the orienting network functioning (costs and benefits) were significantly associated with fear extinction gradient over and above the effects of trait anxiety. Specifically, participants with enhanced orienting costs (i.e., difficulties in disengaging attention from cues not relevant for the task) showed faster extinction learning, while those with enhanced orienting benefits (i.e., attention facilitated by valid cues) exhibited faster extinction recall as measured by fear-potentiated startle and Unconditioned Stimulus expectancies, respectively. Our findings suggest that, in non-emotional conditions, the orienting component of attention may be predictive of fear extinction. They also show that the use of fear extinction gradients and the exploration of individual differences in non-emotional AC (using performance-based measures of attentional network functioning) can provide a better understanding of individual differences in fear learning. Our findings also may help to understand differences in exposure therapy outcomes.
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title_short	Attentional Control and Fear Extinction in Subclinical Fear: An Exploratory Study
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