Regional importation and asymmetric within-country spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in the Netherlands

Background: Variants of concern (VOCs) of SARS-CoV-2 have caused resurging waves of infections worldwide. In the Netherlands, the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta VOCs circulated widely between September 2020 and August 2021. We sought to elucidate how various control measures, including targeted fligh...
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Autor*in:	Alvin X Han [verfasserIn] Eva Kozanli [verfasserIn] Jelle Koopsen [verfasserIn] Harry Vennema [verfasserIn] RIVM COVID-19 molecular epidemiology group [verfasserIn] Karim Hajji [verfasserIn] Annelies Kroneman [verfasserIn] Ivo van Walle [verfasserIn] Don Klinkenberg [verfasserIn] Jacco Wallinga [verfasserIn] Colin A Russell [verfasserIn] Dirk Eggink [verfasserIn] Chantal Reusken [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2022

Schlagwörter:	SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 public health

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: eLife - eLife Sciences Publications Ltd, 2013, 11(2022)
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:11 ; year:2022

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.7554/eLife.78770

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ02210819X

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allfields_unstemmed	10.7554/eLife.78770 doi (DE-627)DOAJ02210819X (DE-599)DOAJ805e455d8eec4b66be87c5a8c6d7ce80 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH301-705.5 Alvin X Han verfasserin aut Regional importation and asymmetric within-country spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in the Netherlands 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Background: Variants of concern (VOCs) of SARS-CoV-2 have caused resurging waves of infections worldwide. In the Netherlands, the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta VOCs circulated widely between September 2020 and August 2021. We sought to elucidate how various control measures, including targeted flight restrictions, had impacted the introduction and spread of these VOCs in the Netherlands. Methods: We performed phylogenetic analyses on 39,844 SARS-CoV-2 genomes collected under the Dutch national surveillance program. Results: We found that all four VOCs were introduced before targeted flight restrictions were imposed on countries where the VOCs first emerged. Importantly, foreign introductions, predominantly from other European countries, continued during these restrictions. After their respective introductions into the Netherlands, the Alpha and Delta VOCs largely circulated within more populous regions of the country with international connections before asymmetric bidirectional transmissions occurred with the rest of the country and the VOC became the dominant circulating lineage. Conclusions: Our findings show that flight restrictions had limited effectiveness in deterring VOC introductions due to the strength of regional land travel importation risks. As countries consider scaling down SARS-CoV-2 surveillance efforts in the post-crisis phase of the pandemic, our results highlight that robust surveillance in regions of early spread is important for providing timely information for variant detection and outbreak control. Funding: None. SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 public health Medicine R Science Q Biology (General) Eva Kozanli verfasserin aut Jelle Koopsen verfasserin aut Harry Vennema verfasserin aut RIVM COVID-19 molecular epidemiology group verfasserin aut Karim Hajji verfasserin aut Annelies Kroneman verfasserin aut Ivo van Walle verfasserin aut Don Klinkenberg verfasserin aut Jacco Wallinga verfasserin aut Colin A Russell verfasserin aut Dirk Eggink verfasserin aut Chantal Reusken verfasserin aut In eLife eLife Sciences Publications Ltd, 2013 11(2022) (DE-627)728518384 (DE-600)2687154-3 2050084X nnns volume:11 year:2022 https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.78770 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/805e455d8eec4b66be87c5a8c6d7ce80 kostenfrei https://elifesciences.org/articles/78770 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2050-084X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2022
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allfieldsSound	10.7554/eLife.78770 doi (DE-627)DOAJ02210819X (DE-599)DOAJ805e455d8eec4b66be87c5a8c6d7ce80 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH301-705.5 Alvin X Han verfasserin aut Regional importation and asymmetric within-country spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in the Netherlands 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Background: Variants of concern (VOCs) of SARS-CoV-2 have caused resurging waves of infections worldwide. In the Netherlands, the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta VOCs circulated widely between September 2020 and August 2021. We sought to elucidate how various control measures, including targeted flight restrictions, had impacted the introduction and spread of these VOCs in the Netherlands. Methods: We performed phylogenetic analyses on 39,844 SARS-CoV-2 genomes collected under the Dutch national surveillance program. Results: We found that all four VOCs were introduced before targeted flight restrictions were imposed on countries where the VOCs first emerged. Importantly, foreign introductions, predominantly from other European countries, continued during these restrictions. After their respective introductions into the Netherlands, the Alpha and Delta VOCs largely circulated within more populous regions of the country with international connections before asymmetric bidirectional transmissions occurred with the rest of the country and the VOC became the dominant circulating lineage. Conclusions: Our findings show that flight restrictions had limited effectiveness in deterring VOC introductions due to the strength of regional land travel importation risks. As countries consider scaling down SARS-CoV-2 surveillance efforts in the post-crisis phase of the pandemic, our results highlight that robust surveillance in regions of early spread is important for providing timely information for variant detection and outbreak control. Funding: None. SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 public health Medicine R Science Q Biology (General) Eva Kozanli verfasserin aut Jelle Koopsen verfasserin aut Harry Vennema verfasserin aut RIVM COVID-19 molecular epidemiology group verfasserin aut Karim Hajji verfasserin aut Annelies Kroneman verfasserin aut Ivo van Walle verfasserin aut Don Klinkenberg verfasserin aut Jacco Wallinga verfasserin aut Colin A Russell verfasserin aut Dirk Eggink verfasserin aut Chantal Reusken verfasserin aut In eLife eLife Sciences Publications Ltd, 2013 11(2022) (DE-627)728518384 (DE-600)2687154-3 2050084X nnns volume:11 year:2022 https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.78770 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/805e455d8eec4b66be87c5a8c6d7ce80 kostenfrei https://elifesciences.org/articles/78770 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2050-084X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2022
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callnumber-first	Q - Science
author	Alvin X Han
spellingShingle	Alvin X Han misc QH301-705.5 misc SARS-CoV-2 misc COVID-19 misc public health misc Medicine misc R misc Science misc Q misc Biology (General) Regional importation and asymmetric within-country spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in the Netherlands
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topic_title	QH301-705.5 Regional importation and asymmetric within-country spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in the Netherlands SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 public health
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title	Regional importation and asymmetric within-country spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in the Netherlands
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title_full	Regional importation and asymmetric within-country spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in the Netherlands
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author_browse	Alvin X Han Eva Kozanli Jelle Koopsen Harry Vennema RIVM COVID-19 molecular epidemiology group Karim Hajji Annelies Kroneman Ivo van Walle Don Klinkenberg Jacco Wallinga Colin A Russell Dirk Eggink Chantal Reusken
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title_sort	regional importation and asymmetric within-country spread of sars-cov-2 variants of concern in the netherlands
callnumber	QH301-705.5
title_auth	Regional importation and asymmetric within-country spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in the Netherlands
abstract	Background: Variants of concern (VOCs) of SARS-CoV-2 have caused resurging waves of infections worldwide. In the Netherlands, the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta VOCs circulated widely between September 2020 and August 2021. We sought to elucidate how various control measures, including targeted flight restrictions, had impacted the introduction and spread of these VOCs in the Netherlands. Methods: We performed phylogenetic analyses on 39,844 SARS-CoV-2 genomes collected under the Dutch national surveillance program. Results: We found that all four VOCs were introduced before targeted flight restrictions were imposed on countries where the VOCs first emerged. Importantly, foreign introductions, predominantly from other European countries, continued during these restrictions. After their respective introductions into the Netherlands, the Alpha and Delta VOCs largely circulated within more populous regions of the country with international connections before asymmetric bidirectional transmissions occurred with the rest of the country and the VOC became the dominant circulating lineage. Conclusions: Our findings show that flight restrictions had limited effectiveness in deterring VOC introductions due to the strength of regional land travel importation risks. As countries consider scaling down SARS-CoV-2 surveillance efforts in the post-crisis phase of the pandemic, our results highlight that robust surveillance in regions of early spread is important for providing timely information for variant detection and outbreak control. Funding: None.
abstractGer	Background: Variants of concern (VOCs) of SARS-CoV-2 have caused resurging waves of infections worldwide. In the Netherlands, the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta VOCs circulated widely between September 2020 and August 2021. We sought to elucidate how various control measures, including targeted flight restrictions, had impacted the introduction and spread of these VOCs in the Netherlands. Methods: We performed phylogenetic analyses on 39,844 SARS-CoV-2 genomes collected under the Dutch national surveillance program. Results: We found that all four VOCs were introduced before targeted flight restrictions were imposed on countries where the VOCs first emerged. Importantly, foreign introductions, predominantly from other European countries, continued during these restrictions. After their respective introductions into the Netherlands, the Alpha and Delta VOCs largely circulated within more populous regions of the country with international connections before asymmetric bidirectional transmissions occurred with the rest of the country and the VOC became the dominant circulating lineage. Conclusions: Our findings show that flight restrictions had limited effectiveness in deterring VOC introductions due to the strength of regional land travel importation risks. As countries consider scaling down SARS-CoV-2 surveillance efforts in the post-crisis phase of the pandemic, our results highlight that robust surveillance in regions of early spread is important for providing timely information for variant detection and outbreak control. Funding: None.
abstract_unstemmed	Background: Variants of concern (VOCs) of SARS-CoV-2 have caused resurging waves of infections worldwide. In the Netherlands, the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta VOCs circulated widely between September 2020 and August 2021. We sought to elucidate how various control measures, including targeted flight restrictions, had impacted the introduction and spread of these VOCs in the Netherlands. Methods: We performed phylogenetic analyses on 39,844 SARS-CoV-2 genomes collected under the Dutch national surveillance program. Results: We found that all four VOCs were introduced before targeted flight restrictions were imposed on countries where the VOCs first emerged. Importantly, foreign introductions, predominantly from other European countries, continued during these restrictions. After their respective introductions into the Netherlands, the Alpha and Delta VOCs largely circulated within more populous regions of the country with international connections before asymmetric bidirectional transmissions occurred with the rest of the country and the VOC became the dominant circulating lineage. Conclusions: Our findings show that flight restrictions had limited effectiveness in deterring VOC introductions due to the strength of regional land travel importation risks. As countries consider scaling down SARS-CoV-2 surveillance efforts in the post-crisis phase of the pandemic, our results highlight that robust surveillance in regions of early spread is important for providing timely information for variant detection and outbreak control. Funding: None.
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title_short	Regional importation and asymmetric within-country spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in the Netherlands
url	https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.78770 https://doaj.org/article/805e455d8eec4b66be87c5a8c6d7ce80 https://elifesciences.org/articles/78770 https://doaj.org/toc/2050-084X
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author2	Eva Kozanli Jelle Koopsen Harry Vennema RIVM COVID-19 molecular epidemiology group Karim Hajji Annelies Kroneman Ivo van Walle Don Klinkenberg Jacco Wallinga Colin A Russell Dirk Eggink Chantal Reusken
author2Str	Eva Kozanli Jelle Koopsen Harry Vennema RIVM COVID-19 molecular epidemiology group Karim Hajji Annelies Kroneman Ivo van Walle Don Klinkenberg Jacco Wallinga Colin A Russell Dirk Eggink Chantal Reusken
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doi_str	10.7554/eLife.78770
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up_date	2024-07-04T00:14:03.567Z
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In the Netherlands, the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta VOCs circulated widely between September 2020 and August 2021. We sought to elucidate how various control measures, including targeted flight restrictions, had impacted the introduction and spread of these VOCs in the Netherlands. Methods: We performed phylogenetic analyses on 39,844 SARS-CoV-2 genomes collected under the Dutch national surveillance program. Results: We found that all four VOCs were introduced before targeted flight restrictions were imposed on countries where the VOCs first emerged. Importantly, foreign introductions, predominantly from other European countries, continued during these restrictions. After their respective introductions into the Netherlands, the Alpha and Delta VOCs largely circulated within more populous regions of the country with international connections before asymmetric bidirectional transmissions occurred with the rest of the country and the VOC became the dominant circulating lineage. Conclusions: Our findings show that flight restrictions had limited effectiveness in deterring VOC introductions due to the strength of regional land travel importation risks. As countries consider scaling down SARS-CoV-2 surveillance efforts in the post-crisis phase of the pandemic, our results highlight that robust surveillance in regions of early spread is important for providing timely information for variant detection and outbreak control. 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Regional importation and asymmetric within-country spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in the Netherlands

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