Development of the RAQM2 aerosol chemical transport model and predictions of the Northeast Asian aerosol mass, size, chemistry, and mixing type
A new aerosol chemical transport model, the Regional Air Quality Model 2 (RAQM2), was developed to simulate the Asian air quality. We implemented a simple version of a triple-moment modal aerosol dynamics model (MADMS) and achieved a completely dynamic (non-equilibrium) solution of a gas-to-particle...
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| Autor*in: |
M. Kajino [verfasserIn] Y. Inomata [verfasserIn] K. Sato [verfasserIn] H. Ueda [verfasserIn] Z. Han [verfasserIn] J. An [verfasserIn] G. Katata [verfasserIn] M. Deushi [verfasserIn] T. Maki [verfasserIn] N. Oshima [verfasserIn] J. Kurokawa [verfasserIn] T. Ohara [verfasserIn] A. Takami [verfasserIn] S. Hatakeyama [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2012 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics - Copernicus Publications, 2003, 12(2012), 24, Seite 11833-11856 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:12 ; year:2012 ; number:24 ; pages:11833-11856 |
| Links: |
Link aufrufen |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.5194/acp-12-11833-2012 |
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| Katalog-ID: |
DOAJ022243348 |
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| 520 | |a A new aerosol chemical transport model, the Regional Air Quality Model 2 (RAQM2), was developed to simulate the Asian air quality. We implemented a simple version of a triple-moment modal aerosol dynamics model (MADMS) and achieved a completely dynamic (non-equilibrium) solution of a gas-to-particle mass transfer over a wide range of aerosol diameters from 1 nm to super-μm. To consider a variety of atmospheric aerosol properties, a category approach was utilized in which the aerosols were distributed into four categories: particles in the Aitken mode (ATK), soot-free particles in the accumulation mode (ACM), soot aggregates (AGR), and particles in the coarse mode (COR). The aerosol size distribution in each category is characterized by a single mode. The condensation, evaporation, and Brownian coagulations for each mode were solved dynamically. A regional-scale simulation (Δ<i>x</i> = 60 km) was performed for the entire year of 2006 covering the Northeast Asian region. The modeled PM<sub>1</sub>/bulk ratios of the chemical components were consistent with observations, indicating that the simulated aerosol mixing types were consistent with those in nature. The non–sea-salt SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> mixed with ATK + ACM was the largest at Hedo in summer, whereas the SOSO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> was substantially mixed with AGR in the cold seasons. Ninety-eight percent of the modeled NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> was mixed with sea salt at Hedo, whereas 53.7% of the NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> was mixed with sea salt at Gosan, which is located upwind toward the Asian continent. The condensation of HNO<sub>3</sub> onto sea salt particles during transport over the ocean accounts for the difference in the NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> mixing type at the two sites. Because the aerosol mixing type alters the optical properties and cloud condensation nuclei activity, its accurate prediction and evaluation are indispensable for aerosol-cloud-radiation interaction studies. | ||
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| 700 | 0 | |a S. Hatakeyama |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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10.5194/acp-12-11833-2012 doi (DE-627)DOAJ022243348 (DE-599)DOAJadd306dfddb647df91bff6678a3aa20b DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QC1-999 QD1-999 M. Kajino verfasserin aut Development of the RAQM2 aerosol chemical transport model and predictions of the Northeast Asian aerosol mass, size, chemistry, and mixing type 2012 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier A new aerosol chemical transport model, the Regional Air Quality Model 2 (RAQM2), was developed to simulate the Asian air quality. We implemented a simple version of a triple-moment modal aerosol dynamics model (MADMS) and achieved a completely dynamic (non-equilibrium) solution of a gas-to-particle mass transfer over a wide range of aerosol diameters from 1 nm to super-μm. To consider a variety of atmospheric aerosol properties, a category approach was utilized in which the aerosols were distributed into four categories: particles in the Aitken mode (ATK), soot-free particles in the accumulation mode (ACM), soot aggregates (AGR), and particles in the coarse mode (COR). The aerosol size distribution in each category is characterized by a single mode. The condensation, evaporation, and Brownian coagulations for each mode were solved dynamically. A regional-scale simulation (Δ<i>x</i> = 60 km) was performed for the entire year of 2006 covering the Northeast Asian region. The modeled PM<sub>1</sub>/bulk ratios of the chemical components were consistent with observations, indicating that the simulated aerosol mixing types were consistent with those in nature. The non–sea-salt SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> mixed with ATK + ACM was the largest at Hedo in summer, whereas the SOSO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> was substantially mixed with AGR in the cold seasons. Ninety-eight percent of the modeled NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> was mixed with sea salt at Hedo, whereas 53.7% of the NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> was mixed with sea salt at Gosan, which is located upwind toward the Asian continent. The condensation of HNO<sub>3</sub> onto sea salt particles during transport over the ocean accounts for the difference in the NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> mixing type at the two sites. Because the aerosol mixing type alters the optical properties and cloud condensation nuclei activity, its accurate prediction and evaluation are indispensable for aerosol-cloud-radiation interaction studies. Physics Chemistry Y. Inomata verfasserin aut K. Sato verfasserin aut H. Ueda verfasserin aut Z. Han verfasserin aut J. An verfasserin aut G. Katata verfasserin aut M. Deushi verfasserin aut T. Maki verfasserin aut N. Oshima verfasserin aut J. Kurokawa verfasserin aut T. Ohara verfasserin aut A. Takami verfasserin aut S. Hatakeyama verfasserin aut In Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Copernicus Publications, 2003 12(2012), 24, Seite 11833-11856 (DE-627)092499996 16807324 nnns volume:12 year:2012 number:24 pages:11833-11856 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-11833-2012 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/add306dfddb647df91bff6678a3aa20b kostenfrei http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/12/11833/2012/acp-12-11833-2012.pdf kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7316 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7324 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_381 AR 12 2012 24 11833-11856 |
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10.5194/acp-12-11833-2012 doi (DE-627)DOAJ022243348 (DE-599)DOAJadd306dfddb647df91bff6678a3aa20b DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QC1-999 QD1-999 M. Kajino verfasserin aut Development of the RAQM2 aerosol chemical transport model and predictions of the Northeast Asian aerosol mass, size, chemistry, and mixing type 2012 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier A new aerosol chemical transport model, the Regional Air Quality Model 2 (RAQM2), was developed to simulate the Asian air quality. We implemented a simple version of a triple-moment modal aerosol dynamics model (MADMS) and achieved a completely dynamic (non-equilibrium) solution of a gas-to-particle mass transfer over a wide range of aerosol diameters from 1 nm to super-μm. To consider a variety of atmospheric aerosol properties, a category approach was utilized in which the aerosols were distributed into four categories: particles in the Aitken mode (ATK), soot-free particles in the accumulation mode (ACM), soot aggregates (AGR), and particles in the coarse mode (COR). The aerosol size distribution in each category is characterized by a single mode. The condensation, evaporation, and Brownian coagulations for each mode were solved dynamically. A regional-scale simulation (Δ<i>x</i> = 60 km) was performed for the entire year of 2006 covering the Northeast Asian region. The modeled PM<sub>1</sub>/bulk ratios of the chemical components were consistent with observations, indicating that the simulated aerosol mixing types were consistent with those in nature. The non–sea-salt SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> mixed with ATK + ACM was the largest at Hedo in summer, whereas the SOSO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> was substantially mixed with AGR in the cold seasons. Ninety-eight percent of the modeled NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> was mixed with sea salt at Hedo, whereas 53.7% of the NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> was mixed with sea salt at Gosan, which is located upwind toward the Asian continent. The condensation of HNO<sub>3</sub> onto sea salt particles during transport over the ocean accounts for the difference in the NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> mixing type at the two sites. Because the aerosol mixing type alters the optical properties and cloud condensation nuclei activity, its accurate prediction and evaluation are indispensable for aerosol-cloud-radiation interaction studies. Physics Chemistry Y. Inomata verfasserin aut K. Sato verfasserin aut H. Ueda verfasserin aut Z. Han verfasserin aut J. An verfasserin aut G. Katata verfasserin aut M. Deushi verfasserin aut T. Maki verfasserin aut N. Oshima verfasserin aut J. Kurokawa verfasserin aut T. Ohara verfasserin aut A. Takami verfasserin aut S. Hatakeyama verfasserin aut In Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Copernicus Publications, 2003 12(2012), 24, Seite 11833-11856 (DE-627)092499996 16807324 nnns volume:12 year:2012 number:24 pages:11833-11856 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-11833-2012 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/add306dfddb647df91bff6678a3aa20b kostenfrei http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/12/11833/2012/acp-12-11833-2012.pdf kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7316 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7324 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_381 AR 12 2012 24 11833-11856 |
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10.5194/acp-12-11833-2012 doi (DE-627)DOAJ022243348 (DE-599)DOAJadd306dfddb647df91bff6678a3aa20b DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QC1-999 QD1-999 M. Kajino verfasserin aut Development of the RAQM2 aerosol chemical transport model and predictions of the Northeast Asian aerosol mass, size, chemistry, and mixing type 2012 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier A new aerosol chemical transport model, the Regional Air Quality Model 2 (RAQM2), was developed to simulate the Asian air quality. We implemented a simple version of a triple-moment modal aerosol dynamics model (MADMS) and achieved a completely dynamic (non-equilibrium) solution of a gas-to-particle mass transfer over a wide range of aerosol diameters from 1 nm to super-μm. To consider a variety of atmospheric aerosol properties, a category approach was utilized in which the aerosols were distributed into four categories: particles in the Aitken mode (ATK), soot-free particles in the accumulation mode (ACM), soot aggregates (AGR), and particles in the coarse mode (COR). The aerosol size distribution in each category is characterized by a single mode. The condensation, evaporation, and Brownian coagulations for each mode were solved dynamically. A regional-scale simulation (Δ<i>x</i> = 60 km) was performed for the entire year of 2006 covering the Northeast Asian region. The modeled PM<sub>1</sub>/bulk ratios of the chemical components were consistent with observations, indicating that the simulated aerosol mixing types were consistent with those in nature. The non–sea-salt SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> mixed with ATK + ACM was the largest at Hedo in summer, whereas the SOSO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> was substantially mixed with AGR in the cold seasons. Ninety-eight percent of the modeled NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> was mixed with sea salt at Hedo, whereas 53.7% of the NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> was mixed with sea salt at Gosan, which is located upwind toward the Asian continent. The condensation of HNO<sub>3</sub> onto sea salt particles during transport over the ocean accounts for the difference in the NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> mixing type at the two sites. Because the aerosol mixing type alters the optical properties and cloud condensation nuclei activity, its accurate prediction and evaluation are indispensable for aerosol-cloud-radiation interaction studies. Physics Chemistry Y. Inomata verfasserin aut K. Sato verfasserin aut H. Ueda verfasserin aut Z. Han verfasserin aut J. An verfasserin aut G. Katata verfasserin aut M. Deushi verfasserin aut T. Maki verfasserin aut N. Oshima verfasserin aut J. Kurokawa verfasserin aut T. Ohara verfasserin aut A. Takami verfasserin aut S. Hatakeyama verfasserin aut In Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Copernicus Publications, 2003 12(2012), 24, Seite 11833-11856 (DE-627)092499996 16807324 nnns volume:12 year:2012 number:24 pages:11833-11856 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-11833-2012 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/add306dfddb647df91bff6678a3aa20b kostenfrei http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/12/11833/2012/acp-12-11833-2012.pdf kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7316 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7324 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_381 AR 12 2012 24 11833-11856 |
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10.5194/acp-12-11833-2012 doi (DE-627)DOAJ022243348 (DE-599)DOAJadd306dfddb647df91bff6678a3aa20b DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QC1-999 QD1-999 M. Kajino verfasserin aut Development of the RAQM2 aerosol chemical transport model and predictions of the Northeast Asian aerosol mass, size, chemistry, and mixing type 2012 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier A new aerosol chemical transport model, the Regional Air Quality Model 2 (RAQM2), was developed to simulate the Asian air quality. We implemented a simple version of a triple-moment modal aerosol dynamics model (MADMS) and achieved a completely dynamic (non-equilibrium) solution of a gas-to-particle mass transfer over a wide range of aerosol diameters from 1 nm to super-μm. To consider a variety of atmospheric aerosol properties, a category approach was utilized in which the aerosols were distributed into four categories: particles in the Aitken mode (ATK), soot-free particles in the accumulation mode (ACM), soot aggregates (AGR), and particles in the coarse mode (COR). The aerosol size distribution in each category is characterized by a single mode. The condensation, evaporation, and Brownian coagulations for each mode were solved dynamically. A regional-scale simulation (Δ<i>x</i> = 60 km) was performed for the entire year of 2006 covering the Northeast Asian region. The modeled PM<sub>1</sub>/bulk ratios of the chemical components were consistent with observations, indicating that the simulated aerosol mixing types were consistent with those in nature. The non–sea-salt SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> mixed with ATK + ACM was the largest at Hedo in summer, whereas the SOSO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> was substantially mixed with AGR in the cold seasons. Ninety-eight percent of the modeled NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> was mixed with sea salt at Hedo, whereas 53.7% of the NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> was mixed with sea salt at Gosan, which is located upwind toward the Asian continent. The condensation of HNO<sub>3</sub> onto sea salt particles during transport over the ocean accounts for the difference in the NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> mixing type at the two sites. Because the aerosol mixing type alters the optical properties and cloud condensation nuclei activity, its accurate prediction and evaluation are indispensable for aerosol-cloud-radiation interaction studies. Physics Chemistry Y. Inomata verfasserin aut K. Sato verfasserin aut H. Ueda verfasserin aut Z. Han verfasserin aut J. An verfasserin aut G. Katata verfasserin aut M. Deushi verfasserin aut T. Maki verfasserin aut N. Oshima verfasserin aut J. Kurokawa verfasserin aut T. Ohara verfasserin aut A. Takami verfasserin aut S. Hatakeyama verfasserin aut In Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Copernicus Publications, 2003 12(2012), 24, Seite 11833-11856 (DE-627)092499996 16807324 nnns volume:12 year:2012 number:24 pages:11833-11856 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-11833-2012 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/add306dfddb647df91bff6678a3aa20b kostenfrei http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/12/11833/2012/acp-12-11833-2012.pdf kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7316 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7324 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_381 AR 12 2012 24 11833-11856 |
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10.5194/acp-12-11833-2012 doi (DE-627)DOAJ022243348 (DE-599)DOAJadd306dfddb647df91bff6678a3aa20b DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QC1-999 QD1-999 M. Kajino verfasserin aut Development of the RAQM2 aerosol chemical transport model and predictions of the Northeast Asian aerosol mass, size, chemistry, and mixing type 2012 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier A new aerosol chemical transport model, the Regional Air Quality Model 2 (RAQM2), was developed to simulate the Asian air quality. We implemented a simple version of a triple-moment modal aerosol dynamics model (MADMS) and achieved a completely dynamic (non-equilibrium) solution of a gas-to-particle mass transfer over a wide range of aerosol diameters from 1 nm to super-μm. To consider a variety of atmospheric aerosol properties, a category approach was utilized in which the aerosols were distributed into four categories: particles in the Aitken mode (ATK), soot-free particles in the accumulation mode (ACM), soot aggregates (AGR), and particles in the coarse mode (COR). The aerosol size distribution in each category is characterized by a single mode. The condensation, evaporation, and Brownian coagulations for each mode were solved dynamically. A regional-scale simulation (Δ<i>x</i> = 60 km) was performed for the entire year of 2006 covering the Northeast Asian region. The modeled PM<sub>1</sub>/bulk ratios of the chemical components were consistent with observations, indicating that the simulated aerosol mixing types were consistent with those in nature. The non–sea-salt SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> mixed with ATK + ACM was the largest at Hedo in summer, whereas the SOSO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> was substantially mixed with AGR in the cold seasons. Ninety-eight percent of the modeled NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> was mixed with sea salt at Hedo, whereas 53.7% of the NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> was mixed with sea salt at Gosan, which is located upwind toward the Asian continent. The condensation of HNO<sub>3</sub> onto sea salt particles during transport over the ocean accounts for the difference in the NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> mixing type at the two sites. Because the aerosol mixing type alters the optical properties and cloud condensation nuclei activity, its accurate prediction and evaluation are indispensable for aerosol-cloud-radiation interaction studies. Physics Chemistry Y. Inomata verfasserin aut K. Sato verfasserin aut H. Ueda verfasserin aut Z. Han verfasserin aut J. An verfasserin aut G. Katata verfasserin aut M. Deushi verfasserin aut T. Maki verfasserin aut N. Oshima verfasserin aut J. Kurokawa verfasserin aut T. Ohara verfasserin aut A. Takami verfasserin aut S. Hatakeyama verfasserin aut In Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Copernicus Publications, 2003 12(2012), 24, Seite 11833-11856 (DE-627)092499996 16807324 nnns volume:12 year:2012 number:24 pages:11833-11856 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-11833-2012 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/add306dfddb647df91bff6678a3aa20b kostenfrei http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/12/11833/2012/acp-12-11833-2012.pdf kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7316 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7324 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_381 AR 12 2012 24 11833-11856 |
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M. Kajino Y. Inomata K. Sato H. Ueda Z. Han J. An G. Katata M. Deushi T. Maki N. Oshima J. Kurokawa T. Ohara A. Takami S. Hatakeyama |
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development of the raqm2 aerosol chemical transport model and predictions of the northeast asian aerosol mass, size, chemistry, and mixing type |
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Development of the RAQM2 aerosol chemical transport model and predictions of the Northeast Asian aerosol mass, size, chemistry, and mixing type |
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A new aerosol chemical transport model, the Regional Air Quality Model 2 (RAQM2), was developed to simulate the Asian air quality. We implemented a simple version of a triple-moment modal aerosol dynamics model (MADMS) and achieved a completely dynamic (non-equilibrium) solution of a gas-to-particle mass transfer over a wide range of aerosol diameters from 1 nm to super-μm. To consider a variety of atmospheric aerosol properties, a category approach was utilized in which the aerosols were distributed into four categories: particles in the Aitken mode (ATK), soot-free particles in the accumulation mode (ACM), soot aggregates (AGR), and particles in the coarse mode (COR). The aerosol size distribution in each category is characterized by a single mode. The condensation, evaporation, and Brownian coagulations for each mode were solved dynamically. A regional-scale simulation (Δ<i>x</i> = 60 km) was performed for the entire year of 2006 covering the Northeast Asian region. The modeled PM<sub>1</sub>/bulk ratios of the chemical components were consistent with observations, indicating that the simulated aerosol mixing types were consistent with those in nature. The non–sea-salt SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> mixed with ATK + ACM was the largest at Hedo in summer, whereas the SOSO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> was substantially mixed with AGR in the cold seasons. Ninety-eight percent of the modeled NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> was mixed with sea salt at Hedo, whereas 53.7% of the NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> was mixed with sea salt at Gosan, which is located upwind toward the Asian continent. The condensation of HNO<sub>3</sub> onto sea salt particles during transport over the ocean accounts for the difference in the NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> mixing type at the two sites. Because the aerosol mixing type alters the optical properties and cloud condensation nuclei activity, its accurate prediction and evaluation are indispensable for aerosol-cloud-radiation interaction studies. |
| abstractGer |
A new aerosol chemical transport model, the Regional Air Quality Model 2 (RAQM2), was developed to simulate the Asian air quality. We implemented a simple version of a triple-moment modal aerosol dynamics model (MADMS) and achieved a completely dynamic (non-equilibrium) solution of a gas-to-particle mass transfer over a wide range of aerosol diameters from 1 nm to super-μm. To consider a variety of atmospheric aerosol properties, a category approach was utilized in which the aerosols were distributed into four categories: particles in the Aitken mode (ATK), soot-free particles in the accumulation mode (ACM), soot aggregates (AGR), and particles in the coarse mode (COR). The aerosol size distribution in each category is characterized by a single mode. The condensation, evaporation, and Brownian coagulations for each mode were solved dynamically. A regional-scale simulation (Δ<i>x</i> = 60 km) was performed for the entire year of 2006 covering the Northeast Asian region. The modeled PM<sub>1</sub>/bulk ratios of the chemical components were consistent with observations, indicating that the simulated aerosol mixing types were consistent with those in nature. The non–sea-salt SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> mixed with ATK + ACM was the largest at Hedo in summer, whereas the SOSO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> was substantially mixed with AGR in the cold seasons. Ninety-eight percent of the modeled NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> was mixed with sea salt at Hedo, whereas 53.7% of the NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> was mixed with sea salt at Gosan, which is located upwind toward the Asian continent. The condensation of HNO<sub>3</sub> onto sea salt particles during transport over the ocean accounts for the difference in the NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> mixing type at the two sites. Because the aerosol mixing type alters the optical properties and cloud condensation nuclei activity, its accurate prediction and evaluation are indispensable for aerosol-cloud-radiation interaction studies. |
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A new aerosol chemical transport model, the Regional Air Quality Model 2 (RAQM2), was developed to simulate the Asian air quality. We implemented a simple version of a triple-moment modal aerosol dynamics model (MADMS) and achieved a completely dynamic (non-equilibrium) solution of a gas-to-particle mass transfer over a wide range of aerosol diameters from 1 nm to super-μm. To consider a variety of atmospheric aerosol properties, a category approach was utilized in which the aerosols were distributed into four categories: particles in the Aitken mode (ATK), soot-free particles in the accumulation mode (ACM), soot aggregates (AGR), and particles in the coarse mode (COR). The aerosol size distribution in each category is characterized by a single mode. The condensation, evaporation, and Brownian coagulations for each mode were solved dynamically. A regional-scale simulation (Δ<i>x</i> = 60 km) was performed for the entire year of 2006 covering the Northeast Asian region. The modeled PM<sub>1</sub>/bulk ratios of the chemical components were consistent with observations, indicating that the simulated aerosol mixing types were consistent with those in nature. The non–sea-salt SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> mixed with ATK + ACM was the largest at Hedo in summer, whereas the SOSO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> was substantially mixed with AGR in the cold seasons. Ninety-eight percent of the modeled NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> was mixed with sea salt at Hedo, whereas 53.7% of the NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> was mixed with sea salt at Gosan, which is located upwind toward the Asian continent. The condensation of HNO<sub>3</sub> onto sea salt particles during transport over the ocean accounts for the difference in the NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> mixing type at the two sites. Because the aerosol mixing type alters the optical properties and cloud condensation nuclei activity, its accurate prediction and evaluation are indispensable for aerosol-cloud-radiation interaction studies. |
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Development of the RAQM2 aerosol chemical transport model and predictions of the Northeast Asian aerosol mass, size, chemistry, and mixing type |
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