Apparent Accumulated Nitrogen Fertilizer Recovery in Long-Term Wheat–Maize Cropping Systems in China

Recovery efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers has always been an important issue, especially for N fertilizer recommendation rate in cropping systems. Based on the equilibrium of N in the soil⁻plant system, apparent accumulated N fertilizer recovery (NRE<sub<ac</sub<) was determined for lo...
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Autor*in:	Jie Liu [verfasserIn] Jumei Li [verfasserIn] Yibing Ma [verfasserIn] Yuehui Jia [verfasserIn] Qiong Liang [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2018

Schlagwörter:	apparent N recovery efficiency fertilizer recommendation wheat maize

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Agronomy - MDPI AG, 2012, 8(2018), 12, p 293
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:8 ; year:2018 ; number:12, p 293

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/agronomy8120293

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ023316438

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520			\|a Recovery efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers has always been an important issue, especially for N fertilizer recommendation rate in cropping systems. Based on the equilibrium of N in the soil⁻plant system, apparent accumulated N fertilizer recovery (NRE<sub<ac</sub<) was determined for long-term (15-years) experiments in wheat (<i<Triticum aestivum</i< L.) and maize (<i<Zea mays</i< L.) rotations at five field sites with various soils and climate characteristics in China. The result showed that the frequency of cropping and the content of soil clay affected NRE<sub<ac</sub< positively and negatively, respectively. In the absence of nutrient deficiencies and other soil constraints (from NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) in S2-CP (site2-Changping) in Beijing, S3-ZZ (site3-Zhengzhou) in Henan province and S4-YL (site4-Yangling) in Shaanxi province), NRE<sub<ac</sub< had a narrow range from 70% to 78% with the highest average of 75% in wheat and maize cropping system. Meanwhile, the value 75% of NER<sub<ac</sub< is a rational value proved by 3414 experiments. Additionally, the nitrate-N approach suggested that nitrate-N could be utilized by subsequent crops, the amount of which is calculated by the equation −1.23 × [(NO<sub<3</sub<<sup<−</sup<-N) − 87]. Furthermore, another simpler and feasible method was proposed to maintain basic soil fertility while achieving a rational grain yield and maintaining a safe environmental upper threshold of nitrate. The present study provided a suit of methods for N fertilizer recommendations for the optimization of N applications in wheat and maize cropping system in China.
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allfieldsSound	10.3390/agronomy8120293 doi (DE-627)DOAJ023316438 (DE-599)DOAJad0e877692004e9da834ead30fbc0fc4 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Jie Liu verfasserin aut Apparent Accumulated Nitrogen Fertilizer Recovery in Long-Term Wheat–Maize Cropping Systems in China 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Recovery efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers has always been an important issue, especially for N fertilizer recommendation rate in cropping systems. Based on the equilibrium of N in the soil⁻plant system, apparent accumulated N fertilizer recovery (NRE<sub<ac</sub<) was determined for long-term (15-years) experiments in wheat (<i<Triticum aestivum</i< L.) and maize (<i<Zea mays</i< L.) rotations at five field sites with various soils and climate characteristics in China. The result showed that the frequency of cropping and the content of soil clay affected NRE<sub<ac</sub< positively and negatively, respectively. In the absence of nutrient deficiencies and other soil constraints (from NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) in S2-CP (site2-Changping) in Beijing, S3-ZZ (site3-Zhengzhou) in Henan province and S4-YL (site4-Yangling) in Shaanxi province), NRE<sub<ac</sub< had a narrow range from 70% to 78% with the highest average of 75% in wheat and maize cropping system. Meanwhile, the value 75% of NER<sub<ac</sub< is a rational value proved by 3414 experiments. Additionally, the nitrate-N approach suggested that nitrate-N could be utilized by subsequent crops, the amount of which is calculated by the equation −1.23 × [(NO<sub<3</sub<<sup<−</sup<-N) − 87]. Furthermore, another simpler and feasible method was proposed to maintain basic soil fertility while achieving a rational grain yield and maintaining a safe environmental upper threshold of nitrate. The present study provided a suit of methods for N fertilizer recommendations for the optimization of N applications in wheat and maize cropping system in China. apparent N recovery efficiency fertilizer recommendation wheat maize Agriculture S Jumei Li verfasserin aut Yibing Ma verfasserin aut Yuehui Jia verfasserin aut Qiong Liang verfasserin aut In Agronomy MDPI AG, 2012 8(2018), 12, p 293 (DE-627)658000543 (DE-600)2607043-1 20734395 nnns volume:8 year:2018 number:12, p 293 https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy8120293 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/ad0e877692004e9da834ead30fbc0fc4 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/8/12/293 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4395 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 8 2018 12, p 293
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author	Jie Liu
spellingShingle	Jie Liu misc apparent N recovery efficiency misc fertilizer recommendation misc wheat misc maize misc Agriculture misc S Apparent Accumulated Nitrogen Fertilizer Recovery in Long-Term Wheat–Maize Cropping Systems in China
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topic_title	Apparent Accumulated Nitrogen Fertilizer Recovery in Long-Term Wheat–Maize Cropping Systems in China apparent N recovery efficiency fertilizer recommendation wheat maize
topic	misc apparent N recovery efficiency misc fertilizer recommendation misc wheat misc maize misc Agriculture misc S
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title	Apparent Accumulated Nitrogen Fertilizer Recovery in Long-Term Wheat–Maize Cropping Systems in China
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title_full	Apparent Accumulated Nitrogen Fertilizer Recovery in Long-Term Wheat–Maize Cropping Systems in China
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title_sort	apparent accumulated nitrogen fertilizer recovery in long-term wheat–maize cropping systems in china
title_auth	Apparent Accumulated Nitrogen Fertilizer Recovery in Long-Term Wheat–Maize Cropping Systems in China
abstract	Recovery efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers has always been an important issue, especially for N fertilizer recommendation rate in cropping systems. Based on the equilibrium of N in the soil⁻plant system, apparent accumulated N fertilizer recovery (NRE<sub<ac</sub<) was determined for long-term (15-years) experiments in wheat (<i<Triticum aestivum</i< L.) and maize (<i<Zea mays</i< L.) rotations at five field sites with various soils and climate characteristics in China. The result showed that the frequency of cropping and the content of soil clay affected NRE<sub<ac</sub< positively and negatively, respectively. In the absence of nutrient deficiencies and other soil constraints (from NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) in S2-CP (site2-Changping) in Beijing, S3-ZZ (site3-Zhengzhou) in Henan province and S4-YL (site4-Yangling) in Shaanxi province), NRE<sub<ac</sub< had a narrow range from 70% to 78% with the highest average of 75% in wheat and maize cropping system. Meanwhile, the value 75% of NER<sub<ac</sub< is a rational value proved by 3414 experiments. Additionally, the nitrate-N approach suggested that nitrate-N could be utilized by subsequent crops, the amount of which is calculated by the equation −1.23 × [(NO<sub<3</sub<<sup<−</sup<-N) − 87]. Furthermore, another simpler and feasible method was proposed to maintain basic soil fertility while achieving a rational grain yield and maintaining a safe environmental upper threshold of nitrate. The present study provided a suit of methods for N fertilizer recommendations for the optimization of N applications in wheat and maize cropping system in China.
abstractGer	Recovery efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers has always been an important issue, especially for N fertilizer recommendation rate in cropping systems. Based on the equilibrium of N in the soil⁻plant system, apparent accumulated N fertilizer recovery (NRE<sub<ac</sub<) was determined for long-term (15-years) experiments in wheat (<i<Triticum aestivum</i< L.) and maize (<i<Zea mays</i< L.) rotations at five field sites with various soils and climate characteristics in China. The result showed that the frequency of cropping and the content of soil clay affected NRE<sub<ac</sub< positively and negatively, respectively. In the absence of nutrient deficiencies and other soil constraints (from NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) in S2-CP (site2-Changping) in Beijing, S3-ZZ (site3-Zhengzhou) in Henan province and S4-YL (site4-Yangling) in Shaanxi province), NRE<sub<ac</sub< had a narrow range from 70% to 78% with the highest average of 75% in wheat and maize cropping system. Meanwhile, the value 75% of NER<sub<ac</sub< is a rational value proved by 3414 experiments. Additionally, the nitrate-N approach suggested that nitrate-N could be utilized by subsequent crops, the amount of which is calculated by the equation −1.23 × [(NO<sub<3</sub<<sup<−</sup<-N) − 87]. Furthermore, another simpler and feasible method was proposed to maintain basic soil fertility while achieving a rational grain yield and maintaining a safe environmental upper threshold of nitrate. The present study provided a suit of methods for N fertilizer recommendations for the optimization of N applications in wheat and maize cropping system in China.
abstract_unstemmed	Recovery efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers has always been an important issue, especially for N fertilizer recommendation rate in cropping systems. Based on the equilibrium of N in the soil⁻plant system, apparent accumulated N fertilizer recovery (NRE<sub<ac</sub<) was determined for long-term (15-years) experiments in wheat (<i<Triticum aestivum</i< L.) and maize (<i<Zea mays</i< L.) rotations at five field sites with various soils and climate characteristics in China. The result showed that the frequency of cropping and the content of soil clay affected NRE<sub<ac</sub< positively and negatively, respectively. In the absence of nutrient deficiencies and other soil constraints (from NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) in S2-CP (site2-Changping) in Beijing, S3-ZZ (site3-Zhengzhou) in Henan province and S4-YL (site4-Yangling) in Shaanxi province), NRE<sub<ac</sub< had a narrow range from 70% to 78% with the highest average of 75% in wheat and maize cropping system. Meanwhile, the value 75% of NER<sub<ac</sub< is a rational value proved by 3414 experiments. Additionally, the nitrate-N approach suggested that nitrate-N could be utilized by subsequent crops, the amount of which is calculated by the equation −1.23 × [(NO<sub<3</sub<<sup<−</sup<-N) − 87]. Furthermore, another simpler and feasible method was proposed to maintain basic soil fertility while achieving a rational grain yield and maintaining a safe environmental upper threshold of nitrate. The present study provided a suit of methods for N fertilizer recommendations for the optimization of N applications in wheat and maize cropping system in China.
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title_short	Apparent Accumulated Nitrogen Fertilizer Recovery in Long-Term Wheat–Maize Cropping Systems in China
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Apparent Accumulated Nitrogen Fertilizer Recovery in Long-Term Wheat–Maize Cropping Systems in China

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