A two-level model for the role of complex and young genes in the formation of organism complexity and new insights into the relationship between evolution and development

Abstract Background How genome complexity affects organismal phenotypic complexity is a fundamental question in evolutionary developmental biology. Previous studies proposed various contributing factors of genome complexity and tried to find the connection between genomic complexity and organism complexity. However, a general model to answer this question is lacking. Here, we introduce a ‘two-level’ model for the realization of genome complexity at phenotypic level. Results Five representative species across Protostomia and Deuterostomia were involved in this study. The intrinsic gene properties contributing to genome complexity were classified into two generalized groups: the complexity and age degree of both protein-coding and noncoding genes. We found that young genes tend to be simpler; however, the mid-age genes, rather than the oldest genes, show the highest proportion of high complexity. Complex genes tend to be utilized preferentially in each stage of embryonic development, with maximum representation during the late stage of organogenesis. This trend is mainly attributed to mid-age complex genes. In contrast, young genes tend to be expressed in specific spatiotemporal states. An obvious correlation between the time point of the change in over- and under-representation and the order of gene age was observed, which supports the funnel-like model of the conservation pattern of development. In addition, we found some probable causes for the seemingly contradictory ‘funnel-like’ or ‘hourglass’ model. Conclusions These results indicate that complex and young genes contribute to organismal complexity at two different levels: Complex genes contribute to the complexity of individual proteomes in certain states, whereas young genes contribute to the diversity of proteomes in different spatiotemporal states. This conclusion is valid across the five species investigated, indicating it is a conserved model across Protostomia and Deuterostomia. The results in this study also support ‘funnel-like model’ from a new viewpoint and explain why there are different evo–devo relation models. Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Dong Yang [verfasserIn] Aishi Xu [verfasserIn] Pan Shen [verfasserIn] Chao Gao [verfasserIn] Jiayin Zang [verfasserIn] Chen Qiu [verfasserIn] Hongsheng Ouyang [verfasserIn] Ying Jiang [verfasserIn] Fuchu He [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2018

Schlagwörter:	Genome complexity Gene complexity Gene age grade Evolution Development Organism complexity

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: EvoDevo - BMC, 2010, 9(2018), 1, Seite 19
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:9 ; year:2018 ; number:1 ; pages:19

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.1186/s13227-018-0111-4

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ023682175

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520			\|a Abstract Background How genome complexity affects organismal phenotypic complexity is a fundamental question in evolutionary developmental biology. Previous studies proposed various contributing factors of genome complexity and tried to find the connection between genomic complexity and organism complexity. However, a general model to answer this question is lacking. Here, we introduce a ‘two-level’ model for the realization of genome complexity at phenotypic level. Results Five representative species across Protostomia and Deuterostomia were involved in this study. The intrinsic gene properties contributing to genome complexity were classified into two generalized groups: the complexity and age degree of both protein-coding and noncoding genes. We found that young genes tend to be simpler; however, the mid-age genes, rather than the oldest genes, show the highest proportion of high complexity. Complex genes tend to be utilized preferentially in each stage of embryonic development, with maximum representation during the late stage of organogenesis. This trend is mainly attributed to mid-age complex genes. In contrast, young genes tend to be expressed in specific spatiotemporal states. An obvious correlation between the time point of the change in over- and under-representation and the order of gene age was observed, which supports the funnel-like model of the conservation pattern of development. In addition, we found some probable causes for the seemingly contradictory ‘funnel-like’ or ‘hourglass’ model. Conclusions These results indicate that complex and young genes contribute to organismal complexity at two different levels: Complex genes contribute to the complexity of individual proteomes in certain states, whereas young genes contribute to the diversity of proteomes in different spatiotemporal states. This conclusion is valid across the five species investigated, indicating it is a conserved model across Protostomia and Deuterostomia. The results in this study also support ‘funnel-like model’ from a new viewpoint and explain why there are different evo–devo relation models.
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allfields	10.1186/s13227-018-0111-4 doi (DE-627)DOAJ023682175 (DE-599)DOAJ6941273bc9b54013a5923d9ff6f223b8 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH359-425 Dong Yang verfasserin aut A two-level model for the role of complex and young genes in the formation of organism complexity and new insights into the relationship between evolution and development 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Background How genome complexity affects organismal phenotypic complexity is a fundamental question in evolutionary developmental biology. Previous studies proposed various contributing factors of genome complexity and tried to find the connection between genomic complexity and organism complexity. However, a general model to answer this question is lacking. Here, we introduce a ‘two-level’ model for the realization of genome complexity at phenotypic level. Results Five representative species across Protostomia and Deuterostomia were involved in this study. The intrinsic gene properties contributing to genome complexity were classified into two generalized groups: the complexity and age degree of both protein-coding and noncoding genes. We found that young genes tend to be simpler; however, the mid-age genes, rather than the oldest genes, show the highest proportion of high complexity. Complex genes tend to be utilized preferentially in each stage of embryonic development, with maximum representation during the late stage of organogenesis. This trend is mainly attributed to mid-age complex genes. In contrast, young genes tend to be expressed in specific spatiotemporal states. An obvious correlation between the time point of the change in over- and under-representation and the order of gene age was observed, which supports the funnel-like model of the conservation pattern of development. In addition, we found some probable causes for the seemingly contradictory ‘funnel-like’ or ‘hourglass’ model. Conclusions These results indicate that complex and young genes contribute to organismal complexity at two different levels: Complex genes contribute to the complexity of individual proteomes in certain states, whereas young genes contribute to the diversity of proteomes in different spatiotemporal states. This conclusion is valid across the five species investigated, indicating it is a conserved model across Protostomia and Deuterostomia. The results in this study also support ‘funnel-like model’ from a new viewpoint and explain why there are different evo–devo relation models. Genome complexity Gene complexity Gene age grade Evolution Development Organism complexity Aishi Xu verfasserin aut Pan Shen verfasserin aut Chao Gao verfasserin aut Jiayin Zang verfasserin aut Chen Qiu verfasserin aut Hongsheng Ouyang verfasserin aut Ying Jiang verfasserin aut Fuchu He verfasserin aut In EvoDevo BMC, 2010 9(2018), 1, Seite 19 (DE-627)63149409X (DE-600)2563566-9 20419139 nnns volume:9 year:2018 number:1 pages:19 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13227-018-0111-4 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/6941273bc9b54013a5923d9ff6f223b8 kostenfrei http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13227-018-0111-4 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2041-9139 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 9 2018 1 19
spelling	10.1186/s13227-018-0111-4 doi (DE-627)DOAJ023682175 (DE-599)DOAJ6941273bc9b54013a5923d9ff6f223b8 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH359-425 Dong Yang verfasserin aut A two-level model for the role of complex and young genes in the formation of organism complexity and new insights into the relationship between evolution and development 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Background How genome complexity affects organismal phenotypic complexity is a fundamental question in evolutionary developmental biology. Previous studies proposed various contributing factors of genome complexity and tried to find the connection between genomic complexity and organism complexity. However, a general model to answer this question is lacking. Here, we introduce a ‘two-level’ model for the realization of genome complexity at phenotypic level. Results Five representative species across Protostomia and Deuterostomia were involved in this study. The intrinsic gene properties contributing to genome complexity were classified into two generalized groups: the complexity and age degree of both protein-coding and noncoding genes. We found that young genes tend to be simpler; however, the mid-age genes, rather than the oldest genes, show the highest proportion of high complexity. Complex genes tend to be utilized preferentially in each stage of embryonic development, with maximum representation during the late stage of organogenesis. This trend is mainly attributed to mid-age complex genes. In contrast, young genes tend to be expressed in specific spatiotemporal states. An obvious correlation between the time point of the change in over- and under-representation and the order of gene age was observed, which supports the funnel-like model of the conservation pattern of development. In addition, we found some probable causes for the seemingly contradictory ‘funnel-like’ or ‘hourglass’ model. Conclusions These results indicate that complex and young genes contribute to organismal complexity at two different levels: Complex genes contribute to the complexity of individual proteomes in certain states, whereas young genes contribute to the diversity of proteomes in different spatiotemporal states. This conclusion is valid across the five species investigated, indicating it is a conserved model across Protostomia and Deuterostomia. The results in this study also support ‘funnel-like model’ from a new viewpoint and explain why there are different evo–devo relation models. Genome complexity Gene complexity Gene age grade Evolution Development Organism complexity Aishi Xu verfasserin aut Pan Shen verfasserin aut Chao Gao verfasserin aut Jiayin Zang verfasserin aut Chen Qiu verfasserin aut Hongsheng Ouyang verfasserin aut Ying Jiang verfasserin aut Fuchu He verfasserin aut In EvoDevo BMC, 2010 9(2018), 1, Seite 19 (DE-627)63149409X (DE-600)2563566-9 20419139 nnns volume:9 year:2018 number:1 pages:19 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13227-018-0111-4 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/6941273bc9b54013a5923d9ff6f223b8 kostenfrei http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13227-018-0111-4 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2041-9139 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 9 2018 1 19
allfields_unstemmed	10.1186/s13227-018-0111-4 doi (DE-627)DOAJ023682175 (DE-599)DOAJ6941273bc9b54013a5923d9ff6f223b8 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH359-425 Dong Yang verfasserin aut A two-level model for the role of complex and young genes in the formation of organism complexity and new insights into the relationship between evolution and development 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Background How genome complexity affects organismal phenotypic complexity is a fundamental question in evolutionary developmental biology. Previous studies proposed various contributing factors of genome complexity and tried to find the connection between genomic complexity and organism complexity. However, a general model to answer this question is lacking. Here, we introduce a ‘two-level’ model for the realization of genome complexity at phenotypic level. Results Five representative species across Protostomia and Deuterostomia were involved in this study. The intrinsic gene properties contributing to genome complexity were classified into two generalized groups: the complexity and age degree of both protein-coding and noncoding genes. We found that young genes tend to be simpler; however, the mid-age genes, rather than the oldest genes, show the highest proportion of high complexity. Complex genes tend to be utilized preferentially in each stage of embryonic development, with maximum representation during the late stage of organogenesis. This trend is mainly attributed to mid-age complex genes. In contrast, young genes tend to be expressed in specific spatiotemporal states. An obvious correlation between the time point of the change in over- and under-representation and the order of gene age was observed, which supports the funnel-like model of the conservation pattern of development. In addition, we found some probable causes for the seemingly contradictory ‘funnel-like’ or ‘hourglass’ model. Conclusions These results indicate that complex and young genes contribute to organismal complexity at two different levels: Complex genes contribute to the complexity of individual proteomes in certain states, whereas young genes contribute to the diversity of proteomes in different spatiotemporal states. This conclusion is valid across the five species investigated, indicating it is a conserved model across Protostomia and Deuterostomia. The results in this study also support ‘funnel-like model’ from a new viewpoint and explain why there are different evo–devo relation models. Genome complexity Gene complexity Gene age grade Evolution Development Organism complexity Aishi Xu verfasserin aut Pan Shen verfasserin aut Chao Gao verfasserin aut Jiayin Zang verfasserin aut Chen Qiu verfasserin aut Hongsheng Ouyang verfasserin aut Ying Jiang verfasserin aut Fuchu He verfasserin aut In EvoDevo BMC, 2010 9(2018), 1, Seite 19 (DE-627)63149409X (DE-600)2563566-9 20419139 nnns volume:9 year:2018 number:1 pages:19 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13227-018-0111-4 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/6941273bc9b54013a5923d9ff6f223b8 kostenfrei http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13227-018-0111-4 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2041-9139 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 9 2018 1 19
allfieldsGer	10.1186/s13227-018-0111-4 doi (DE-627)DOAJ023682175 (DE-599)DOAJ6941273bc9b54013a5923d9ff6f223b8 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH359-425 Dong Yang verfasserin aut A two-level model for the role of complex and young genes in the formation of organism complexity and new insights into the relationship between evolution and development 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Background How genome complexity affects organismal phenotypic complexity is a fundamental question in evolutionary developmental biology. Previous studies proposed various contributing factors of genome complexity and tried to find the connection between genomic complexity and organism complexity. However, a general model to answer this question is lacking. Here, we introduce a ‘two-level’ model for the realization of genome complexity at phenotypic level. Results Five representative species across Protostomia and Deuterostomia were involved in this study. The intrinsic gene properties contributing to genome complexity were classified into two generalized groups: the complexity and age degree of both protein-coding and noncoding genes. We found that young genes tend to be simpler; however, the mid-age genes, rather than the oldest genes, show the highest proportion of high complexity. Complex genes tend to be utilized preferentially in each stage of embryonic development, with maximum representation during the late stage of organogenesis. This trend is mainly attributed to mid-age complex genes. In contrast, young genes tend to be expressed in specific spatiotemporal states. An obvious correlation between the time point of the change in over- and under-representation and the order of gene age was observed, which supports the funnel-like model of the conservation pattern of development. In addition, we found some probable causes for the seemingly contradictory ‘funnel-like’ or ‘hourglass’ model. Conclusions These results indicate that complex and young genes contribute to organismal complexity at two different levels: Complex genes contribute to the complexity of individual proteomes in certain states, whereas young genes contribute to the diversity of proteomes in different spatiotemporal states. This conclusion is valid across the five species investigated, indicating it is a conserved model across Protostomia and Deuterostomia. The results in this study also support ‘funnel-like model’ from a new viewpoint and explain why there are different evo–devo relation models. Genome complexity Gene complexity Gene age grade Evolution Development Organism complexity Aishi Xu verfasserin aut Pan Shen verfasserin aut Chao Gao verfasserin aut Jiayin Zang verfasserin aut Chen Qiu verfasserin aut Hongsheng Ouyang verfasserin aut Ying Jiang verfasserin aut Fuchu He verfasserin aut In EvoDevo BMC, 2010 9(2018), 1, Seite 19 (DE-627)63149409X (DE-600)2563566-9 20419139 nnns volume:9 year:2018 number:1 pages:19 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13227-018-0111-4 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/6941273bc9b54013a5923d9ff6f223b8 kostenfrei http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13227-018-0111-4 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2041-9139 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 9 2018 1 19
allfieldsSound	10.1186/s13227-018-0111-4 doi (DE-627)DOAJ023682175 (DE-599)DOAJ6941273bc9b54013a5923d9ff6f223b8 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH359-425 Dong Yang verfasserin aut A two-level model for the role of complex and young genes in the formation of organism complexity and new insights into the relationship between evolution and development 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Background How genome complexity affects organismal phenotypic complexity is a fundamental question in evolutionary developmental biology. Previous studies proposed various contributing factors of genome complexity and tried to find the connection between genomic complexity and organism complexity. However, a general model to answer this question is lacking. Here, we introduce a ‘two-level’ model for the realization of genome complexity at phenotypic level. Results Five representative species across Protostomia and Deuterostomia were involved in this study. The intrinsic gene properties contributing to genome complexity were classified into two generalized groups: the complexity and age degree of both protein-coding and noncoding genes. We found that young genes tend to be simpler; however, the mid-age genes, rather than the oldest genes, show the highest proportion of high complexity. Complex genes tend to be utilized preferentially in each stage of embryonic development, with maximum representation during the late stage of organogenesis. This trend is mainly attributed to mid-age complex genes. In contrast, young genes tend to be expressed in specific spatiotemporal states. An obvious correlation between the time point of the change in over- and under-representation and the order of gene age was observed, which supports the funnel-like model of the conservation pattern of development. In addition, we found some probable causes for the seemingly contradictory ‘funnel-like’ or ‘hourglass’ model. Conclusions These results indicate that complex and young genes contribute to organismal complexity at two different levels: Complex genes contribute to the complexity of individual proteomes in certain states, whereas young genes contribute to the diversity of proteomes in different spatiotemporal states. This conclusion is valid across the five species investigated, indicating it is a conserved model across Protostomia and Deuterostomia. The results in this study also support ‘funnel-like model’ from a new viewpoint and explain why there are different evo–devo relation models. Genome complexity Gene complexity Gene age grade Evolution Development Organism complexity Aishi Xu verfasserin aut Pan Shen verfasserin aut Chao Gao verfasserin aut Jiayin Zang verfasserin aut Chen Qiu verfasserin aut Hongsheng Ouyang verfasserin aut Ying Jiang verfasserin aut Fuchu He verfasserin aut In EvoDevo BMC, 2010 9(2018), 1, Seite 19 (DE-627)63149409X (DE-600)2563566-9 20419139 nnns volume:9 year:2018 number:1 pages:19 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13227-018-0111-4 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/6941273bc9b54013a5923d9ff6f223b8 kostenfrei http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13227-018-0111-4 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2041-9139 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 9 2018 1 19
language	English
source	In EvoDevo 9(2018), 1, Seite 19 volume:9 year:2018 number:1 pages:19
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format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	Genome complexity Gene complexity Gene age grade Evolution Development Organism complexity
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authorswithroles_txt_mv	Dong Yang @@aut@@ Aishi Xu @@aut@@ Pan Shen @@aut@@ Chao Gao @@aut@@ Jiayin Zang @@aut@@ Chen Qiu @@aut@@ Hongsheng Ouyang @@aut@@ Ying Jiang @@aut@@ Fuchu He @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2018-01-01T00:00:00Z
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author	Dong Yang
spellingShingle	Dong Yang misc QH359-425 misc Genome complexity misc Gene complexity misc Gene age grade misc Evolution misc Development misc Organism complexity A two-level model for the role of complex and young genes in the formation of organism complexity and new insights into the relationship between evolution and development
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issn	20419139
topic_title	QH359-425 A two-level model for the role of complex and young genes in the formation of organism complexity and new insights into the relationship between evolution and development Genome complexity Gene complexity Gene age grade Evolution Development Organism complexity
topic	misc QH359-425 misc Genome complexity misc Gene complexity misc Gene age grade misc Evolution misc Development misc Organism complexity
topic_unstemmed	misc QH359-425 misc Genome complexity misc Gene complexity misc Gene age grade misc Evolution misc Development misc Organism complexity
topic_browse	misc QH359-425 misc Genome complexity misc Gene complexity misc Gene age grade misc Evolution misc Development misc Organism complexity
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title	A two-level model for the role of complex and young genes in the formation of organism complexity and new insights into the relationship between evolution and development
ctrlnum	(DE-627)DOAJ023682175 (DE-599)DOAJ6941273bc9b54013a5923d9ff6f223b8
title_full	A two-level model for the role of complex and young genes in the formation of organism complexity and new insights into the relationship between evolution and development
author_sort	Dong Yang
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author_browse	Dong Yang Aishi Xu Pan Shen Chao Gao Jiayin Zang Chen Qiu Hongsheng Ouyang Ying Jiang Fuchu He
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author-letter	Dong Yang
doi_str_mv	10.1186/s13227-018-0111-4
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title_sort	two-level model for the role of complex and young genes in the formation of organism complexity and new insights into the relationship between evolution and development
callnumber	QH359-425
title_auth	A two-level model for the role of complex and young genes in the formation of organism complexity and new insights into the relationship between evolution and development
abstract	Abstract Background How genome complexity affects organismal phenotypic complexity is a fundamental question in evolutionary developmental biology. Previous studies proposed various contributing factors of genome complexity and tried to find the connection between genomic complexity and organism complexity. However, a general model to answer this question is lacking. Here, we introduce a ‘two-level’ model for the realization of genome complexity at phenotypic level. Results Five representative species across Protostomia and Deuterostomia were involved in this study. The intrinsic gene properties contributing to genome complexity were classified into two generalized groups: the complexity and age degree of both protein-coding and noncoding genes. We found that young genes tend to be simpler; however, the mid-age genes, rather than the oldest genes, show the highest proportion of high complexity. Complex genes tend to be utilized preferentially in each stage of embryonic development, with maximum representation during the late stage of organogenesis. This trend is mainly attributed to mid-age complex genes. In contrast, young genes tend to be expressed in specific spatiotemporal states. An obvious correlation between the time point of the change in over- and under-representation and the order of gene age was observed, which supports the funnel-like model of the conservation pattern of development. In addition, we found some probable causes for the seemingly contradictory ‘funnel-like’ or ‘hourglass’ model. Conclusions These results indicate that complex and young genes contribute to organismal complexity at two different levels: Complex genes contribute to the complexity of individual proteomes in certain states, whereas young genes contribute to the diversity of proteomes in different spatiotemporal states. This conclusion is valid across the five species investigated, indicating it is a conserved model across Protostomia and Deuterostomia. The results in this study also support ‘funnel-like model’ from a new viewpoint and explain why there are different evo–devo relation models.
abstractGer	Abstract Background How genome complexity affects organismal phenotypic complexity is a fundamental question in evolutionary developmental biology. Previous studies proposed various contributing factors of genome complexity and tried to find the connection between genomic complexity and organism complexity. However, a general model to answer this question is lacking. Here, we introduce a ‘two-level’ model for the realization of genome complexity at phenotypic level. Results Five representative species across Protostomia and Deuterostomia were involved in this study. The intrinsic gene properties contributing to genome complexity were classified into two generalized groups: the complexity and age degree of both protein-coding and noncoding genes. We found that young genes tend to be simpler; however, the mid-age genes, rather than the oldest genes, show the highest proportion of high complexity. Complex genes tend to be utilized preferentially in each stage of embryonic development, with maximum representation during the late stage of organogenesis. This trend is mainly attributed to mid-age complex genes. In contrast, young genes tend to be expressed in specific spatiotemporal states. An obvious correlation between the time point of the change in over- and under-representation and the order of gene age was observed, which supports the funnel-like model of the conservation pattern of development. In addition, we found some probable causes for the seemingly contradictory ‘funnel-like’ or ‘hourglass’ model. Conclusions These results indicate that complex and young genes contribute to organismal complexity at two different levels: Complex genes contribute to the complexity of individual proteomes in certain states, whereas young genes contribute to the diversity of proteomes in different spatiotemporal states. This conclusion is valid across the five species investigated, indicating it is a conserved model across Protostomia and Deuterostomia. The results in this study also support ‘funnel-like model’ from a new viewpoint and explain why there are different evo–devo relation models.
abstract_unstemmed	Abstract Background How genome complexity affects organismal phenotypic complexity is a fundamental question in evolutionary developmental biology. Previous studies proposed various contributing factors of genome complexity and tried to find the connection between genomic complexity and organism complexity. However, a general model to answer this question is lacking. Here, we introduce a ‘two-level’ model for the realization of genome complexity at phenotypic level. Results Five representative species across Protostomia and Deuterostomia were involved in this study. The intrinsic gene properties contributing to genome complexity were classified into two generalized groups: the complexity and age degree of both protein-coding and noncoding genes. We found that young genes tend to be simpler; however, the mid-age genes, rather than the oldest genes, show the highest proportion of high complexity. Complex genes tend to be utilized preferentially in each stage of embryonic development, with maximum representation during the late stage of organogenesis. This trend is mainly attributed to mid-age complex genes. In contrast, young genes tend to be expressed in specific spatiotemporal states. An obvious correlation between the time point of the change in over- and under-representation and the order of gene age was observed, which supports the funnel-like model of the conservation pattern of development. In addition, we found some probable causes for the seemingly contradictory ‘funnel-like’ or ‘hourglass’ model. Conclusions These results indicate that complex and young genes contribute to organismal complexity at two different levels: Complex genes contribute to the complexity of individual proteomes in certain states, whereas young genes contribute to the diversity of proteomes in different spatiotemporal states. This conclusion is valid across the five species investigated, indicating it is a conserved model across Protostomia and Deuterostomia. The results in this study also support ‘funnel-like model’ from a new viewpoint and explain why there are different evo–devo relation models.
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title_short	A two-level model for the role of complex and young genes in the formation of organism complexity and new insights into the relationship between evolution and development
url	https://doi.org/10.1186/s13227-018-0111-4 https://doaj.org/article/6941273bc9b54013a5923d9ff6f223b8 http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13227-018-0111-4 https://doaj.org/toc/2041-9139
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author2	Aishi Xu Pan Shen Chao Gao Jiayin Zang Chen Qiu Hongsheng Ouyang Ying Jiang Fuchu He
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up_date	2024-07-03T18:55:24.390Z
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