Load-Independent Voltage Balancing of Multi-Level Flying Capacitor Converters in Quasi-2-Level Operation

Quasi-2-level (Q2L) operation of multi-level bridge-legs, especially of flying-capacitor converters (FCC), is an interesting option for realizing single-cell power conversion in applications whose system voltages exceed the ratings of available power semiconductors. To ensure equal voltage sharing a...
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Autor*in:	Piotr Czyz [verfasserIn] Panteleimon Papamanolis [verfasserIn] Francesc Trunas Bruguera [verfasserIn] Thomas Guillod [verfasserIn] Florian Krismer [verfasserIn] Vladan Lazarevic [verfasserIn] Jonas Huber [verfasserIn] Johann W. Kolar [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2021

Schlagwörter:	quasi-2-level (Q2L) flying capacitor converter (FCC) model predictive control (MPC) flying capacitor balancing multi-level converter

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Electronics - MDPI AG, 2013, 10(2021), 19, p 2414
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:10 ; year:2021 ; number:19, p 2414

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/electronics10192414

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ02393669X

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allfields	10.3390/electronics10192414 doi (DE-627)DOAJ02393669X (DE-599)DOAJ88f63e53328f49399725912341102a33 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TK7800-8360 Piotr Czyz verfasserin aut Load-Independent Voltage Balancing of Multi-Level Flying Capacitor Converters in Quasi-2-Level Operation 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Quasi-2-level (Q2L) operation of multi-level bridge-legs, especially of flying-capacitor converters (FCC), is an interesting option for realizing single-cell power conversion in applications whose system voltages exceed the ratings of available power semiconductors. To ensure equal voltage sharing among a Q2L-FCC’s switches, the voltages of a Q2L-FCC’s minimized flying capacitors (FCs) must always be balanced. Thus, we propose a concept for load-independent FC voltage balancing: For non-zero load current, we use a model predictive control (MPC) approach to identify the commutation sequence of the individual switches within a Q2L transition that minimizes the FC or cell voltage errors. In case of zero load current, we employ a novel MPC-based approach using cell multiple switching (CMS), i.e., the insertion of additional zero-current commutations within a Q2L transition, to exchange charge between the FCs via the charging currents of the switches’ parasitic capacitances. Experiments with a 5-level FCC half-bridge demonstrator confirm the validity of the derived models and verify the performance of the proposed load-independent balancing concept. quasi-2-level (Q2L) flying capacitor converter (FCC) model predictive control (MPC) flying capacitor balancing multi-level converter Electronics Panteleimon Papamanolis verfasserin aut Francesc Trunas Bruguera verfasserin aut Thomas Guillod verfasserin aut Florian Krismer verfasserin aut Vladan Lazarevic verfasserin aut Jonas Huber verfasserin aut Johann W. Kolar verfasserin aut In Electronics MDPI AG, 2013 10(2021), 19, p 2414 (DE-627)718626478 (DE-600)2662127-7 20799292 nnns volume:10 year:2021 number:19, p 2414 https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10192414 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/88f63e53328f49399725912341102a33 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/10/19/2414 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2079-9292 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 10 2021 19, p 2414
spelling	10.3390/electronics10192414 doi (DE-627)DOAJ02393669X (DE-599)DOAJ88f63e53328f49399725912341102a33 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TK7800-8360 Piotr Czyz verfasserin aut Load-Independent Voltage Balancing of Multi-Level Flying Capacitor Converters in Quasi-2-Level Operation 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Quasi-2-level (Q2L) operation of multi-level bridge-legs, especially of flying-capacitor converters (FCC), is an interesting option for realizing single-cell power conversion in applications whose system voltages exceed the ratings of available power semiconductors. To ensure equal voltage sharing among a Q2L-FCC’s switches, the voltages of a Q2L-FCC’s minimized flying capacitors (FCs) must always be balanced. Thus, we propose a concept for load-independent FC voltage balancing: For non-zero load current, we use a model predictive control (MPC) approach to identify the commutation sequence of the individual switches within a Q2L transition that minimizes the FC or cell voltage errors. In case of zero load current, we employ a novel MPC-based approach using cell multiple switching (CMS), i.e., the insertion of additional zero-current commutations within a Q2L transition, to exchange charge between the FCs via the charging currents of the switches’ parasitic capacitances. Experiments with a 5-level FCC half-bridge demonstrator confirm the validity of the derived models and verify the performance of the proposed load-independent balancing concept. quasi-2-level (Q2L) flying capacitor converter (FCC) model predictive control (MPC) flying capacitor balancing multi-level converter Electronics Panteleimon Papamanolis verfasserin aut Francesc Trunas Bruguera verfasserin aut Thomas Guillod verfasserin aut Florian Krismer verfasserin aut Vladan Lazarevic verfasserin aut Jonas Huber verfasserin aut Johann W. Kolar verfasserin aut In Electronics MDPI AG, 2013 10(2021), 19, p 2414 (DE-627)718626478 (DE-600)2662127-7 20799292 nnns volume:10 year:2021 number:19, p 2414 https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10192414 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/88f63e53328f49399725912341102a33 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/10/19/2414 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2079-9292 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 10 2021 19, p 2414
allfields_unstemmed	10.3390/electronics10192414 doi (DE-627)DOAJ02393669X (DE-599)DOAJ88f63e53328f49399725912341102a33 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TK7800-8360 Piotr Czyz verfasserin aut Load-Independent Voltage Balancing of Multi-Level Flying Capacitor Converters in Quasi-2-Level Operation 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Quasi-2-level (Q2L) operation of multi-level bridge-legs, especially of flying-capacitor converters (FCC), is an interesting option for realizing single-cell power conversion in applications whose system voltages exceed the ratings of available power semiconductors. To ensure equal voltage sharing among a Q2L-FCC’s switches, the voltages of a Q2L-FCC’s minimized flying capacitors (FCs) must always be balanced. Thus, we propose a concept for load-independent FC voltage balancing: For non-zero load current, we use a model predictive control (MPC) approach to identify the commutation sequence of the individual switches within a Q2L transition that minimizes the FC or cell voltage errors. In case of zero load current, we employ a novel MPC-based approach using cell multiple switching (CMS), i.e., the insertion of additional zero-current commutations within a Q2L transition, to exchange charge between the FCs via the charging currents of the switches’ parasitic capacitances. Experiments with a 5-level FCC half-bridge demonstrator confirm the validity of the derived models and verify the performance of the proposed load-independent balancing concept. quasi-2-level (Q2L) flying capacitor converter (FCC) model predictive control (MPC) flying capacitor balancing multi-level converter Electronics Panteleimon Papamanolis verfasserin aut Francesc Trunas Bruguera verfasserin aut Thomas Guillod verfasserin aut Florian Krismer verfasserin aut Vladan Lazarevic verfasserin aut Jonas Huber verfasserin aut Johann W. Kolar verfasserin aut In Electronics MDPI AG, 2013 10(2021), 19, p 2414 (DE-627)718626478 (DE-600)2662127-7 20799292 nnns volume:10 year:2021 number:19, p 2414 https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10192414 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/88f63e53328f49399725912341102a33 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/10/19/2414 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2079-9292 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 10 2021 19, p 2414
allfieldsGer	10.3390/electronics10192414 doi (DE-627)DOAJ02393669X (DE-599)DOAJ88f63e53328f49399725912341102a33 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TK7800-8360 Piotr Czyz verfasserin aut Load-Independent Voltage Balancing of Multi-Level Flying Capacitor Converters in Quasi-2-Level Operation 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Quasi-2-level (Q2L) operation of multi-level bridge-legs, especially of flying-capacitor converters (FCC), is an interesting option for realizing single-cell power conversion in applications whose system voltages exceed the ratings of available power semiconductors. To ensure equal voltage sharing among a Q2L-FCC’s switches, the voltages of a Q2L-FCC’s minimized flying capacitors (FCs) must always be balanced. Thus, we propose a concept for load-independent FC voltage balancing: For non-zero load current, we use a model predictive control (MPC) approach to identify the commutation sequence of the individual switches within a Q2L transition that minimizes the FC or cell voltage errors. In case of zero load current, we employ a novel MPC-based approach using cell multiple switching (CMS), i.e., the insertion of additional zero-current commutations within a Q2L transition, to exchange charge between the FCs via the charging currents of the switches’ parasitic capacitances. Experiments with a 5-level FCC half-bridge demonstrator confirm the validity of the derived models and verify the performance of the proposed load-independent balancing concept. quasi-2-level (Q2L) flying capacitor converter (FCC) model predictive control (MPC) flying capacitor balancing multi-level converter Electronics Panteleimon Papamanolis verfasserin aut Francesc Trunas Bruguera verfasserin aut Thomas Guillod verfasserin aut Florian Krismer verfasserin aut Vladan Lazarevic verfasserin aut Jonas Huber verfasserin aut Johann W. Kolar verfasserin aut In Electronics MDPI AG, 2013 10(2021), 19, p 2414 (DE-627)718626478 (DE-600)2662127-7 20799292 nnns volume:10 year:2021 number:19, p 2414 https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10192414 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/88f63e53328f49399725912341102a33 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/10/19/2414 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2079-9292 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 10 2021 19, p 2414
allfieldsSound	10.3390/electronics10192414 doi (DE-627)DOAJ02393669X (DE-599)DOAJ88f63e53328f49399725912341102a33 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TK7800-8360 Piotr Czyz verfasserin aut Load-Independent Voltage Balancing of Multi-Level Flying Capacitor Converters in Quasi-2-Level Operation 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Quasi-2-level (Q2L) operation of multi-level bridge-legs, especially of flying-capacitor converters (FCC), is an interesting option for realizing single-cell power conversion in applications whose system voltages exceed the ratings of available power semiconductors. To ensure equal voltage sharing among a Q2L-FCC’s switches, the voltages of a Q2L-FCC’s minimized flying capacitors (FCs) must always be balanced. Thus, we propose a concept for load-independent FC voltage balancing: For non-zero load current, we use a model predictive control (MPC) approach to identify the commutation sequence of the individual switches within a Q2L transition that minimizes the FC or cell voltage errors. In case of zero load current, we employ a novel MPC-based approach using cell multiple switching (CMS), i.e., the insertion of additional zero-current commutations within a Q2L transition, to exchange charge between the FCs via the charging currents of the switches’ parasitic capacitances. Experiments with a 5-level FCC half-bridge demonstrator confirm the validity of the derived models and verify the performance of the proposed load-independent balancing concept. quasi-2-level (Q2L) flying capacitor converter (FCC) model predictive control (MPC) flying capacitor balancing multi-level converter Electronics Panteleimon Papamanolis verfasserin aut Francesc Trunas Bruguera verfasserin aut Thomas Guillod verfasserin aut Florian Krismer verfasserin aut Vladan Lazarevic verfasserin aut Jonas Huber verfasserin aut Johann W. Kolar verfasserin aut In Electronics MDPI AG, 2013 10(2021), 19, p 2414 (DE-627)718626478 (DE-600)2662127-7 20799292 nnns volume:10 year:2021 number:19, p 2414 https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10192414 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/88f63e53328f49399725912341102a33 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/10/19/2414 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2079-9292 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 10 2021 19, p 2414
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authorswithroles_txt_mv	Piotr Czyz @@aut@@ Panteleimon Papamanolis @@aut@@ Francesc Trunas Bruguera @@aut@@ Thomas Guillod @@aut@@ Florian Krismer @@aut@@ Vladan Lazarevic @@aut@@ Jonas Huber @@aut@@ Johann W. Kolar @@aut@@
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callnumber-first	T - Technology
author	Piotr Czyz
spellingShingle	Piotr Czyz misc TK7800-8360 misc quasi-2-level (Q2L) misc flying capacitor converter (FCC) misc model predictive control (MPC) misc flying capacitor balancing misc multi-level converter misc Electronics Load-Independent Voltage Balancing of Multi-Level Flying Capacitor Converters in Quasi-2-Level Operation
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topic_title	TK7800-8360 Load-Independent Voltage Balancing of Multi-Level Flying Capacitor Converters in Quasi-2-Level Operation quasi-2-level (Q2L) flying capacitor converter (FCC) model predictive control (MPC) flying capacitor balancing multi-level converter
topic	misc TK7800-8360 misc quasi-2-level (Q2L) misc flying capacitor converter (FCC) misc model predictive control (MPC) misc flying capacitor balancing misc multi-level converter misc Electronics
topic_unstemmed	misc TK7800-8360 misc quasi-2-level (Q2L) misc flying capacitor converter (FCC) misc model predictive control (MPC) misc flying capacitor balancing misc multi-level converter misc Electronics
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title	Load-Independent Voltage Balancing of Multi-Level Flying Capacitor Converters in Quasi-2-Level Operation
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title_full	Load-Independent Voltage Balancing of Multi-Level Flying Capacitor Converters in Quasi-2-Level Operation
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author_browse	Piotr Czyz Panteleimon Papamanolis Francesc Trunas Bruguera Thomas Guillod Florian Krismer Vladan Lazarevic Jonas Huber Johann W. Kolar
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title_sort	load-independent voltage balancing of multi-level flying capacitor converters in quasi-2-level operation
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title_auth	Load-Independent Voltage Balancing of Multi-Level Flying Capacitor Converters in Quasi-2-Level Operation
abstract	Quasi-2-level (Q2L) operation of multi-level bridge-legs, especially of flying-capacitor converters (FCC), is an interesting option for realizing single-cell power conversion in applications whose system voltages exceed the ratings of available power semiconductors. To ensure equal voltage sharing among a Q2L-FCC’s switches, the voltages of a Q2L-FCC’s minimized flying capacitors (FCs) must always be balanced. Thus, we propose a concept for load-independent FC voltage balancing: For non-zero load current, we use a model predictive control (MPC) approach to identify the commutation sequence of the individual switches within a Q2L transition that minimizes the FC or cell voltage errors. In case of zero load current, we employ a novel MPC-based approach using cell multiple switching (CMS), i.e., the insertion of additional zero-current commutations within a Q2L transition, to exchange charge between the FCs via the charging currents of the switches’ parasitic capacitances. Experiments with a 5-level FCC half-bridge demonstrator confirm the validity of the derived models and verify the performance of the proposed load-independent balancing concept.
abstractGer	Quasi-2-level (Q2L) operation of multi-level bridge-legs, especially of flying-capacitor converters (FCC), is an interesting option for realizing single-cell power conversion in applications whose system voltages exceed the ratings of available power semiconductors. To ensure equal voltage sharing among a Q2L-FCC’s switches, the voltages of a Q2L-FCC’s minimized flying capacitors (FCs) must always be balanced. Thus, we propose a concept for load-independent FC voltage balancing: For non-zero load current, we use a model predictive control (MPC) approach to identify the commutation sequence of the individual switches within a Q2L transition that minimizes the FC or cell voltage errors. In case of zero load current, we employ a novel MPC-based approach using cell multiple switching (CMS), i.e., the insertion of additional zero-current commutations within a Q2L transition, to exchange charge between the FCs via the charging currents of the switches’ parasitic capacitances. Experiments with a 5-level FCC half-bridge demonstrator confirm the validity of the derived models and verify the performance of the proposed load-independent balancing concept.
abstract_unstemmed	Quasi-2-level (Q2L) operation of multi-level bridge-legs, especially of flying-capacitor converters (FCC), is an interesting option for realizing single-cell power conversion in applications whose system voltages exceed the ratings of available power semiconductors. To ensure equal voltage sharing among a Q2L-FCC’s switches, the voltages of a Q2L-FCC’s minimized flying capacitors (FCs) must always be balanced. Thus, we propose a concept for load-independent FC voltage balancing: For non-zero load current, we use a model predictive control (MPC) approach to identify the commutation sequence of the individual switches within a Q2L transition that minimizes the FC or cell voltage errors. In case of zero load current, we employ a novel MPC-based approach using cell multiple switching (CMS), i.e., the insertion of additional zero-current commutations within a Q2L transition, to exchange charge between the FCs via the charging currents of the switches’ parasitic capacitances. Experiments with a 5-level FCC half-bridge demonstrator confirm the validity of the derived models and verify the performance of the proposed load-independent balancing concept.
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title_short	Load-Independent Voltage Balancing of Multi-Level Flying Capacitor Converters in Quasi-2-Level Operation
url	https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10192414 https://doaj.org/article/88f63e53328f49399725912341102a33 https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/10/19/2414 https://doaj.org/toc/2079-9292
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author2	Panteleimon Papamanolis Francesc Trunas Bruguera Thomas Guillod Florian Krismer Vladan Lazarevic Jonas Huber Johann W. Kolar
author2Str	Panteleimon Papamanolis Francesc Trunas Bruguera Thomas Guillod Florian Krismer Vladan Lazarevic Jonas Huber Johann W. Kolar
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doi_str	10.3390/electronics10192414
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up_date	2024-07-03T20:18:27.110Z
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Load-Independent Voltage Balancing of Multi-Level Flying Capacitor Converters in Quasi-2-Level Operation

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