Analysis Long-Term and Spatial Changes of Forest Cover in Typical Karst Areas of China
In recent decades, China has exhibited the fastest and most remarkable social-economic development in the world. As a result of such development, the forest cover of the country has undergone radical changes. This paper aims to develop a method for analyzing long-term and spatial changes in forest c...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Fei Chen [verfasserIn] Xiaoyong Bai [verfasserIn] Fang Liu [verfasserIn] Guangjie Luo [verfasserIn] Yichao Tian [verfasserIn] Luoyi Qin [verfasserIn] Yue Li [verfasserIn] Yan Xu [verfasserIn] Jinfeng Wang [verfasserIn] Luhua Wu [verfasserIn] Chaojun Li [verfasserIn] Sirui Zhang [verfasserIn] Chen Ran [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2022 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
In: Land - MDPI AG, 2013, 11(2022), 8, p 1349 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:11 ; year:2022 ; number:8, p 1349 |
| Links: |
|---|
| DOI / URN: |
10.3390/land11081349 |
|---|
| Katalog-ID: |
DOAJ024454362 |
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| 520 | |a In recent decades, China has exhibited the fastest and most remarkable social-economic development in the world. As a result of such development, the forest cover of the country has undergone radical changes. This paper aims to develop a method for analyzing long-term and spatial changes in forest cover based on historical maps and remote sensing images. Moreover, we will focus on the reduction or restoration of forests distributed at different altitudes, slopes, soils, and lithologic types in different periods, to reveal the problems that should be paid attention to in forest restoration in karst areas. A typical county of China was selected as the study area. A historical military operation map was considered the principal source of basic data. These data were then combined with Landsat satellite images to conduct quantitative analysis on changes in the spatial area and location of forest cover with a long time series. The findings are as follows: in terms of time series, the forest area in the study area showed a trend of decreasing at first and then increasing, with the year 1986 as the turning point. In terms of spatial patterns, a considerable difference is observed in regions with changes in forest cover under different historical periods. Changes are obvious in limestone areas, rock soil areas, and areas with an elevation of 2000–2500 m and a slope gradient of 6°–15°. Spatial–temporal changes in forest cover reflect the effects of the war, national policy, and economic development to some extent. All these results indicate that, despite its limitations, a historical map is a valuable document for studying an ecological environment. | ||
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10.3390/land11081349 doi (DE-627)DOAJ024454362 (DE-599)DOAJ6d9818c97f6a4e38867f45947c825852 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Fei Chen verfasserin aut Analysis Long-Term and Spatial Changes of Forest Cover in Typical Karst Areas of China 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier In recent decades, China has exhibited the fastest and most remarkable social-economic development in the world. As a result of such development, the forest cover of the country has undergone radical changes. This paper aims to develop a method for analyzing long-term and spatial changes in forest cover based on historical maps and remote sensing images. Moreover, we will focus on the reduction or restoration of forests distributed at different altitudes, slopes, soils, and lithologic types in different periods, to reveal the problems that should be paid attention to in forest restoration in karst areas. A typical county of China was selected as the study area. A historical military operation map was considered the principal source of basic data. These data were then combined with Landsat satellite images to conduct quantitative analysis on changes in the spatial area and location of forest cover with a long time series. The findings are as follows: in terms of time series, the forest area in the study area showed a trend of decreasing at first and then increasing, with the year 1986 as the turning point. In terms of spatial patterns, a considerable difference is observed in regions with changes in forest cover under different historical periods. Changes are obvious in limestone areas, rock soil areas, and areas with an elevation of 2000–2500 m and a slope gradient of 6°–15°. Spatial–temporal changes in forest cover reflect the effects of the war, national policy, and economic development to some extent. All these results indicate that, despite its limitations, a historical map is a valuable document for studying an ecological environment. forest cover old maps spatial–temporal changes forest landscape transfer matrix Agriculture S Xiaoyong Bai verfasserin aut Fang Liu verfasserin aut Guangjie Luo verfasserin aut Yichao Tian verfasserin aut Luoyi Qin verfasserin aut Yue Li verfasserin aut Yan Xu verfasserin aut Jinfeng Wang verfasserin aut Luhua Wu verfasserin aut Chaojun Li verfasserin aut Sirui Zhang verfasserin aut Chen Ran verfasserin aut In Land MDPI AG, 2013 11(2022), 8, p 1349 (DE-627)72649500X (DE-600)2682955-1 2073445X nnns volume:11 year:2022 number:8, p 1349 https://doi.org/10.3390/land11081349 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/6d9818c97f6a4e38867f45947c825852 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/11/8/1349 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2073-445X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2022 8, p 1349 |
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10.3390/land11081349 doi (DE-627)DOAJ024454362 (DE-599)DOAJ6d9818c97f6a4e38867f45947c825852 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Fei Chen verfasserin aut Analysis Long-Term and Spatial Changes of Forest Cover in Typical Karst Areas of China 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier In recent decades, China has exhibited the fastest and most remarkable social-economic development in the world. As a result of such development, the forest cover of the country has undergone radical changes. This paper aims to develop a method for analyzing long-term and spatial changes in forest cover based on historical maps and remote sensing images. Moreover, we will focus on the reduction or restoration of forests distributed at different altitudes, slopes, soils, and lithologic types in different periods, to reveal the problems that should be paid attention to in forest restoration in karst areas. A typical county of China was selected as the study area. A historical military operation map was considered the principal source of basic data. These data were then combined with Landsat satellite images to conduct quantitative analysis on changes in the spatial area and location of forest cover with a long time series. The findings are as follows: in terms of time series, the forest area in the study area showed a trend of decreasing at first and then increasing, with the year 1986 as the turning point. In terms of spatial patterns, a considerable difference is observed in regions with changes in forest cover under different historical periods. Changes are obvious in limestone areas, rock soil areas, and areas with an elevation of 2000–2500 m and a slope gradient of 6°–15°. Spatial–temporal changes in forest cover reflect the effects of the war, national policy, and economic development to some extent. All these results indicate that, despite its limitations, a historical map is a valuable document for studying an ecological environment. forest cover old maps spatial–temporal changes forest landscape transfer matrix Agriculture S Xiaoyong Bai verfasserin aut Fang Liu verfasserin aut Guangjie Luo verfasserin aut Yichao Tian verfasserin aut Luoyi Qin verfasserin aut Yue Li verfasserin aut Yan Xu verfasserin aut Jinfeng Wang verfasserin aut Luhua Wu verfasserin aut Chaojun Li verfasserin aut Sirui Zhang verfasserin aut Chen Ran verfasserin aut In Land MDPI AG, 2013 11(2022), 8, p 1349 (DE-627)72649500X (DE-600)2682955-1 2073445X nnns volume:11 year:2022 number:8, p 1349 https://doi.org/10.3390/land11081349 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/6d9818c97f6a4e38867f45947c825852 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/11/8/1349 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2073-445X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2022 8, p 1349 |
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10.3390/land11081349 doi (DE-627)DOAJ024454362 (DE-599)DOAJ6d9818c97f6a4e38867f45947c825852 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Fei Chen verfasserin aut Analysis Long-Term and Spatial Changes of Forest Cover in Typical Karst Areas of China 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier In recent decades, China has exhibited the fastest and most remarkable social-economic development in the world. As a result of such development, the forest cover of the country has undergone radical changes. This paper aims to develop a method for analyzing long-term and spatial changes in forest cover based on historical maps and remote sensing images. Moreover, we will focus on the reduction or restoration of forests distributed at different altitudes, slopes, soils, and lithologic types in different periods, to reveal the problems that should be paid attention to in forest restoration in karst areas. A typical county of China was selected as the study area. A historical military operation map was considered the principal source of basic data. These data were then combined with Landsat satellite images to conduct quantitative analysis on changes in the spatial area and location of forest cover with a long time series. The findings are as follows: in terms of time series, the forest area in the study area showed a trend of decreasing at first and then increasing, with the year 1986 as the turning point. In terms of spatial patterns, a considerable difference is observed in regions with changes in forest cover under different historical periods. Changes are obvious in limestone areas, rock soil areas, and areas with an elevation of 2000–2500 m and a slope gradient of 6°–15°. Spatial–temporal changes in forest cover reflect the effects of the war, national policy, and economic development to some extent. All these results indicate that, despite its limitations, a historical map is a valuable document for studying an ecological environment. forest cover old maps spatial–temporal changes forest landscape transfer matrix Agriculture S Xiaoyong Bai verfasserin aut Fang Liu verfasserin aut Guangjie Luo verfasserin aut Yichao Tian verfasserin aut Luoyi Qin verfasserin aut Yue Li verfasserin aut Yan Xu verfasserin aut Jinfeng Wang verfasserin aut Luhua Wu verfasserin aut Chaojun Li verfasserin aut Sirui Zhang verfasserin aut Chen Ran verfasserin aut In Land MDPI AG, 2013 11(2022), 8, p 1349 (DE-627)72649500X (DE-600)2682955-1 2073445X nnns volume:11 year:2022 number:8, p 1349 https://doi.org/10.3390/land11081349 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/6d9818c97f6a4e38867f45947c825852 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/11/8/1349 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2073-445X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2022 8, p 1349 |
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10.3390/land11081349 doi (DE-627)DOAJ024454362 (DE-599)DOAJ6d9818c97f6a4e38867f45947c825852 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Fei Chen verfasserin aut Analysis Long-Term and Spatial Changes of Forest Cover in Typical Karst Areas of China 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier In recent decades, China has exhibited the fastest and most remarkable social-economic development in the world. As a result of such development, the forest cover of the country has undergone radical changes. This paper aims to develop a method for analyzing long-term and spatial changes in forest cover based on historical maps and remote sensing images. Moreover, we will focus on the reduction or restoration of forests distributed at different altitudes, slopes, soils, and lithologic types in different periods, to reveal the problems that should be paid attention to in forest restoration in karst areas. A typical county of China was selected as the study area. A historical military operation map was considered the principal source of basic data. These data were then combined with Landsat satellite images to conduct quantitative analysis on changes in the spatial area and location of forest cover with a long time series. The findings are as follows: in terms of time series, the forest area in the study area showed a trend of decreasing at first and then increasing, with the year 1986 as the turning point. In terms of spatial patterns, a considerable difference is observed in regions with changes in forest cover under different historical periods. Changes are obvious in limestone areas, rock soil areas, and areas with an elevation of 2000–2500 m and a slope gradient of 6°–15°. Spatial–temporal changes in forest cover reflect the effects of the war, national policy, and economic development to some extent. All these results indicate that, despite its limitations, a historical map is a valuable document for studying an ecological environment. forest cover old maps spatial–temporal changes forest landscape transfer matrix Agriculture S Xiaoyong Bai verfasserin aut Fang Liu verfasserin aut Guangjie Luo verfasserin aut Yichao Tian verfasserin aut Luoyi Qin verfasserin aut Yue Li verfasserin aut Yan Xu verfasserin aut Jinfeng Wang verfasserin aut Luhua Wu verfasserin aut Chaojun Li verfasserin aut Sirui Zhang verfasserin aut Chen Ran verfasserin aut In Land MDPI AG, 2013 11(2022), 8, p 1349 (DE-627)72649500X (DE-600)2682955-1 2073445X nnns volume:11 year:2022 number:8, p 1349 https://doi.org/10.3390/land11081349 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/6d9818c97f6a4e38867f45947c825852 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/11/8/1349 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2073-445X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2022 8, p 1349 |
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10.3390/land11081349 doi (DE-627)DOAJ024454362 (DE-599)DOAJ6d9818c97f6a4e38867f45947c825852 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Fei Chen verfasserin aut Analysis Long-Term and Spatial Changes of Forest Cover in Typical Karst Areas of China 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier In recent decades, China has exhibited the fastest and most remarkable social-economic development in the world. As a result of such development, the forest cover of the country has undergone radical changes. This paper aims to develop a method for analyzing long-term and spatial changes in forest cover based on historical maps and remote sensing images. Moreover, we will focus on the reduction or restoration of forests distributed at different altitudes, slopes, soils, and lithologic types in different periods, to reveal the problems that should be paid attention to in forest restoration in karst areas. A typical county of China was selected as the study area. A historical military operation map was considered the principal source of basic data. These data were then combined with Landsat satellite images to conduct quantitative analysis on changes in the spatial area and location of forest cover with a long time series. The findings are as follows: in terms of time series, the forest area in the study area showed a trend of decreasing at first and then increasing, with the year 1986 as the turning point. In terms of spatial patterns, a considerable difference is observed in regions with changes in forest cover under different historical periods. Changes are obvious in limestone areas, rock soil areas, and areas with an elevation of 2000–2500 m and a slope gradient of 6°–15°. Spatial–temporal changes in forest cover reflect the effects of the war, national policy, and economic development to some extent. All these results indicate that, despite its limitations, a historical map is a valuable document for studying an ecological environment. forest cover old maps spatial–temporal changes forest landscape transfer matrix Agriculture S Xiaoyong Bai verfasserin aut Fang Liu verfasserin aut Guangjie Luo verfasserin aut Yichao Tian verfasserin aut Luoyi Qin verfasserin aut Yue Li verfasserin aut Yan Xu verfasserin aut Jinfeng Wang verfasserin aut Luhua Wu verfasserin aut Chaojun Li verfasserin aut Sirui Zhang verfasserin aut Chen Ran verfasserin aut In Land MDPI AG, 2013 11(2022), 8, p 1349 (DE-627)72649500X (DE-600)2682955-1 2073445X nnns volume:11 year:2022 number:8, p 1349 https://doi.org/10.3390/land11081349 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/6d9818c97f6a4e38867f45947c825852 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/11/8/1349 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2073-445X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2022 8, p 1349 |
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Analysis Long-Term and Spatial Changes of Forest Cover in Typical Karst Areas of China |
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In recent decades, China has exhibited the fastest and most remarkable social-economic development in the world. As a result of such development, the forest cover of the country has undergone radical changes. This paper aims to develop a method for analyzing long-term and spatial changes in forest cover based on historical maps and remote sensing images. Moreover, we will focus on the reduction or restoration of forests distributed at different altitudes, slopes, soils, and lithologic types in different periods, to reveal the problems that should be paid attention to in forest restoration in karst areas. A typical county of China was selected as the study area. A historical military operation map was considered the principal source of basic data. These data were then combined with Landsat satellite images to conduct quantitative analysis on changes in the spatial area and location of forest cover with a long time series. The findings are as follows: in terms of time series, the forest area in the study area showed a trend of decreasing at first and then increasing, with the year 1986 as the turning point. In terms of spatial patterns, a considerable difference is observed in regions with changes in forest cover under different historical periods. Changes are obvious in limestone areas, rock soil areas, and areas with an elevation of 2000–2500 m and a slope gradient of 6°–15°. Spatial–temporal changes in forest cover reflect the effects of the war, national policy, and economic development to some extent. All these results indicate that, despite its limitations, a historical map is a valuable document for studying an ecological environment. |
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In recent decades, China has exhibited the fastest and most remarkable social-economic development in the world. As a result of such development, the forest cover of the country has undergone radical changes. This paper aims to develop a method for analyzing long-term and spatial changes in forest cover based on historical maps and remote sensing images. Moreover, we will focus on the reduction or restoration of forests distributed at different altitudes, slopes, soils, and lithologic types in different periods, to reveal the problems that should be paid attention to in forest restoration in karst areas. A typical county of China was selected as the study area. A historical military operation map was considered the principal source of basic data. These data were then combined with Landsat satellite images to conduct quantitative analysis on changes in the spatial area and location of forest cover with a long time series. The findings are as follows: in terms of time series, the forest area in the study area showed a trend of decreasing at first and then increasing, with the year 1986 as the turning point. In terms of spatial patterns, a considerable difference is observed in regions with changes in forest cover under different historical periods. Changes are obvious in limestone areas, rock soil areas, and areas with an elevation of 2000–2500 m and a slope gradient of 6°–15°. Spatial–temporal changes in forest cover reflect the effects of the war, national policy, and economic development to some extent. All these results indicate that, despite its limitations, a historical map is a valuable document for studying an ecological environment. |
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In recent decades, China has exhibited the fastest and most remarkable social-economic development in the world. As a result of such development, the forest cover of the country has undergone radical changes. This paper aims to develop a method for analyzing long-term and spatial changes in forest cover based on historical maps and remote sensing images. Moreover, we will focus on the reduction or restoration of forests distributed at different altitudes, slopes, soils, and lithologic types in different periods, to reveal the problems that should be paid attention to in forest restoration in karst areas. A typical county of China was selected as the study area. A historical military operation map was considered the principal source of basic data. These data were then combined with Landsat satellite images to conduct quantitative analysis on changes in the spatial area and location of forest cover with a long time series. The findings are as follows: in terms of time series, the forest area in the study area showed a trend of decreasing at first and then increasing, with the year 1986 as the turning point. In terms of spatial patterns, a considerable difference is observed in regions with changes in forest cover under different historical periods. Changes are obvious in limestone areas, rock soil areas, and areas with an elevation of 2000–2500 m and a slope gradient of 6°–15°. Spatial–temporal changes in forest cover reflect the effects of the war, national policy, and economic development to some extent. All these results indicate that, despite its limitations, a historical map is a valuable document for studying an ecological environment. |
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