The Antioxidants of Legume Nodule Mitochondria

The mitochondria of legume root nodules are critical to sustain the energy-intensive process of nitrogen fixation. They also generate reactive oxygen species at high rates and thus require the protection of antioxidant enzymes and metabolites. We show here that highly purified mitochondria from bean...
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Autor*in:	Iñaki Iturbe-Ormaetxe [verfasserIn] Manuel A. Matamoros [verfasserIn] Maria C. Rubio [verfasserIn] David A. Dalton [verfasserIn] Manuel Becana [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2001

Schlagwörter:	free radicals nodule organelles oxidative stress thiols

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions - The American Phytopathological Society, 2021, 14(2001), 10, Seite 1189-1196
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:14 ; year:2001 ; number:10 ; pages:1189-1196

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.1094/MPMI.2001.14.10.1189

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ024503843

Internformat


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520			\|a The mitochondria of legume root nodules are critical to sustain the energy-intensive process of nitrogen fixation. They also generate reactive oxygen species at high rates and thus require the protection of antioxidant enzymes and metabolites. We show here that highly purified mitochondria from bean nodules (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Contender × Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli strain 3622) contain ascorbate peroxidase primarily in the inner membrane (with lesser amounts detected occasionally in the matrix), guaiacol peroxidases in the outer membrane and matrix, and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and an ascorbate-regenerating system in the matrix. This regenerating system relies on homoglutathione (instead of glutathione) and pyridine nucleotides as electron donors and involves the enzymes monodehy-droascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and homoglutathione reductase. Homoglutathione is synthesized in the cytosol and taken up by the mitochondria and bacteroids. Although bacteroids synthesize glutathione, it is not exported to the plant in significant amounts. We propose a model for the detoxification of peroxides in nodule mitochondria in which membrane-bound ascorbate peroxidase scavenges the peroxide formed by the electron transport chain using ascorbate provided by L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase in the inner membrane. The resulting monodehydroascorbate and dehydroascorbate can be recycled in the matrix or cytosol. In the matrix, the peroxides formed by oxidative reactions and by MnSOD may be scavenged by specific isozymes of guaiacol peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase.
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allfields	10.1094/MPMI.2001.14.10.1189 doi (DE-627)DOAJ024503843 (DE-599)DOAJfccfe2b451324dd3840f8b90a217ccdc DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QR1-502 QK1-989 Iñaki Iturbe-Ormaetxe verfasserin aut The Antioxidants of Legume Nodule Mitochondria 2001 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The mitochondria of legume root nodules are critical to sustain the energy-intensive process of nitrogen fixation. They also generate reactive oxygen species at high rates and thus require the protection of antioxidant enzymes and metabolites. We show here that highly purified mitochondria from bean nodules (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Contender × Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli strain 3622) contain ascorbate peroxidase primarily in the inner membrane (with lesser amounts detected occasionally in the matrix), guaiacol peroxidases in the outer membrane and matrix, and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and an ascorbate-regenerating system in the matrix. This regenerating system relies on homoglutathione (instead of glutathione) and pyridine nucleotides as electron donors and involves the enzymes monodehy-droascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and homoglutathione reductase. Homoglutathione is synthesized in the cytosol and taken up by the mitochondria and bacteroids. Although bacteroids synthesize glutathione, it is not exported to the plant in significant amounts. We propose a model for the detoxification of peroxides in nodule mitochondria in which membrane-bound ascorbate peroxidase scavenges the peroxide formed by the electron transport chain using ascorbate provided by L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase in the inner membrane. The resulting monodehydroascorbate and dehydroascorbate can be recycled in the matrix or cytosol. In the matrix, the peroxides formed by oxidative reactions and by MnSOD may be scavenged by specific isozymes of guaiacol peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase. free radicals nodule organelles oxidative stress thiols Microbiology Botany Manuel A. Matamoros verfasserin aut Maria C. Rubio verfasserin aut David A. Dalton verfasserin aut Manuel Becana verfasserin aut In Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions The American Phytopathological Society, 2021 14(2001), 10, Seite 1189-1196 (DE-627)325568367 (DE-600)2037108-1 19437706 nnns volume:14 year:2001 number:10 pages:1189-1196 https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI.2001.14.10.1189 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/fccfe2b451324dd3840f8b90a217ccdc kostenfrei https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/MPMI.2001.14.10.1189 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/0894-0282 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1943-7706 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2001 10 1189-1196
spelling	10.1094/MPMI.2001.14.10.1189 doi (DE-627)DOAJ024503843 (DE-599)DOAJfccfe2b451324dd3840f8b90a217ccdc DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QR1-502 QK1-989 Iñaki Iturbe-Ormaetxe verfasserin aut The Antioxidants of Legume Nodule Mitochondria 2001 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The mitochondria of legume root nodules are critical to sustain the energy-intensive process of nitrogen fixation. They also generate reactive oxygen species at high rates and thus require the protection of antioxidant enzymes and metabolites. We show here that highly purified mitochondria from bean nodules (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Contender × Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli strain 3622) contain ascorbate peroxidase primarily in the inner membrane (with lesser amounts detected occasionally in the matrix), guaiacol peroxidases in the outer membrane and matrix, and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and an ascorbate-regenerating system in the matrix. This regenerating system relies on homoglutathione (instead of glutathione) and pyridine nucleotides as electron donors and involves the enzymes monodehy-droascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and homoglutathione reductase. Homoglutathione is synthesized in the cytosol and taken up by the mitochondria and bacteroids. Although bacteroids synthesize glutathione, it is not exported to the plant in significant amounts. We propose a model for the detoxification of peroxides in nodule mitochondria in which membrane-bound ascorbate peroxidase scavenges the peroxide formed by the electron transport chain using ascorbate provided by L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase in the inner membrane. The resulting monodehydroascorbate and dehydroascorbate can be recycled in the matrix or cytosol. In the matrix, the peroxides formed by oxidative reactions and by MnSOD may be scavenged by specific isozymes of guaiacol peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase. free radicals nodule organelles oxidative stress thiols Microbiology Botany Manuel A. Matamoros verfasserin aut Maria C. Rubio verfasserin aut David A. Dalton verfasserin aut Manuel Becana verfasserin aut In Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions The American Phytopathological Society, 2021 14(2001), 10, Seite 1189-1196 (DE-627)325568367 (DE-600)2037108-1 19437706 nnns volume:14 year:2001 number:10 pages:1189-1196 https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI.2001.14.10.1189 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/fccfe2b451324dd3840f8b90a217ccdc kostenfrei https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/MPMI.2001.14.10.1189 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/0894-0282 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1943-7706 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2001 10 1189-1196
allfields_unstemmed	10.1094/MPMI.2001.14.10.1189 doi (DE-627)DOAJ024503843 (DE-599)DOAJfccfe2b451324dd3840f8b90a217ccdc DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QR1-502 QK1-989 Iñaki Iturbe-Ormaetxe verfasserin aut The Antioxidants of Legume Nodule Mitochondria 2001 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The mitochondria of legume root nodules are critical to sustain the energy-intensive process of nitrogen fixation. They also generate reactive oxygen species at high rates and thus require the protection of antioxidant enzymes and metabolites. We show here that highly purified mitochondria from bean nodules (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Contender × Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli strain 3622) contain ascorbate peroxidase primarily in the inner membrane (with lesser amounts detected occasionally in the matrix), guaiacol peroxidases in the outer membrane and matrix, and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and an ascorbate-regenerating system in the matrix. This regenerating system relies on homoglutathione (instead of glutathione) and pyridine nucleotides as electron donors and involves the enzymes monodehy-droascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and homoglutathione reductase. Homoglutathione is synthesized in the cytosol and taken up by the mitochondria and bacteroids. Although bacteroids synthesize glutathione, it is not exported to the plant in significant amounts. We propose a model for the detoxification of peroxides in nodule mitochondria in which membrane-bound ascorbate peroxidase scavenges the peroxide formed by the electron transport chain using ascorbate provided by L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase in the inner membrane. The resulting monodehydroascorbate and dehydroascorbate can be recycled in the matrix or cytosol. In the matrix, the peroxides formed by oxidative reactions and by MnSOD may be scavenged by specific isozymes of guaiacol peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase. free radicals nodule organelles oxidative stress thiols Microbiology Botany Manuel A. Matamoros verfasserin aut Maria C. Rubio verfasserin aut David A. Dalton verfasserin aut Manuel Becana verfasserin aut In Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions The American Phytopathological Society, 2021 14(2001), 10, Seite 1189-1196 (DE-627)325568367 (DE-600)2037108-1 19437706 nnns volume:14 year:2001 number:10 pages:1189-1196 https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI.2001.14.10.1189 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/fccfe2b451324dd3840f8b90a217ccdc kostenfrei https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/MPMI.2001.14.10.1189 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/0894-0282 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1943-7706 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2001 10 1189-1196
allfieldsGer	10.1094/MPMI.2001.14.10.1189 doi (DE-627)DOAJ024503843 (DE-599)DOAJfccfe2b451324dd3840f8b90a217ccdc DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QR1-502 QK1-989 Iñaki Iturbe-Ormaetxe verfasserin aut The Antioxidants of Legume Nodule Mitochondria 2001 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The mitochondria of legume root nodules are critical to sustain the energy-intensive process of nitrogen fixation. They also generate reactive oxygen species at high rates and thus require the protection of antioxidant enzymes and metabolites. We show here that highly purified mitochondria from bean nodules (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Contender × Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli strain 3622) contain ascorbate peroxidase primarily in the inner membrane (with lesser amounts detected occasionally in the matrix), guaiacol peroxidases in the outer membrane and matrix, and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and an ascorbate-regenerating system in the matrix. This regenerating system relies on homoglutathione (instead of glutathione) and pyridine nucleotides as electron donors and involves the enzymes monodehy-droascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and homoglutathione reductase. Homoglutathione is synthesized in the cytosol and taken up by the mitochondria and bacteroids. Although bacteroids synthesize glutathione, it is not exported to the plant in significant amounts. We propose a model for the detoxification of peroxides in nodule mitochondria in which membrane-bound ascorbate peroxidase scavenges the peroxide formed by the electron transport chain using ascorbate provided by L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase in the inner membrane. The resulting monodehydroascorbate and dehydroascorbate can be recycled in the matrix or cytosol. In the matrix, the peroxides formed by oxidative reactions and by MnSOD may be scavenged by specific isozymes of guaiacol peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase. free radicals nodule organelles oxidative stress thiols Microbiology Botany Manuel A. Matamoros verfasserin aut Maria C. Rubio verfasserin aut David A. Dalton verfasserin aut Manuel Becana verfasserin aut In Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions The American Phytopathological Society, 2021 14(2001), 10, Seite 1189-1196 (DE-627)325568367 (DE-600)2037108-1 19437706 nnns volume:14 year:2001 number:10 pages:1189-1196 https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI.2001.14.10.1189 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/fccfe2b451324dd3840f8b90a217ccdc kostenfrei https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/MPMI.2001.14.10.1189 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/0894-0282 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1943-7706 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2001 10 1189-1196
allfieldsSound	10.1094/MPMI.2001.14.10.1189 doi (DE-627)DOAJ024503843 (DE-599)DOAJfccfe2b451324dd3840f8b90a217ccdc DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QR1-502 QK1-989 Iñaki Iturbe-Ormaetxe verfasserin aut The Antioxidants of Legume Nodule Mitochondria 2001 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The mitochondria of legume root nodules are critical to sustain the energy-intensive process of nitrogen fixation. They also generate reactive oxygen species at high rates and thus require the protection of antioxidant enzymes and metabolites. We show here that highly purified mitochondria from bean nodules (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Contender × Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli strain 3622) contain ascorbate peroxidase primarily in the inner membrane (with lesser amounts detected occasionally in the matrix), guaiacol peroxidases in the outer membrane and matrix, and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and an ascorbate-regenerating system in the matrix. This regenerating system relies on homoglutathione (instead of glutathione) and pyridine nucleotides as electron donors and involves the enzymes monodehy-droascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and homoglutathione reductase. Homoglutathione is synthesized in the cytosol and taken up by the mitochondria and bacteroids. Although bacteroids synthesize glutathione, it is not exported to the plant in significant amounts. We propose a model for the detoxification of peroxides in nodule mitochondria in which membrane-bound ascorbate peroxidase scavenges the peroxide formed by the electron transport chain using ascorbate provided by L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase in the inner membrane. The resulting monodehydroascorbate and dehydroascorbate can be recycled in the matrix or cytosol. In the matrix, the peroxides formed by oxidative reactions and by MnSOD may be scavenged by specific isozymes of guaiacol peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase. free radicals nodule organelles oxidative stress thiols Microbiology Botany Manuel A. Matamoros verfasserin aut Maria C. Rubio verfasserin aut David A. Dalton verfasserin aut Manuel Becana verfasserin aut In Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions The American Phytopathological Society, 2021 14(2001), 10, Seite 1189-1196 (DE-627)325568367 (DE-600)2037108-1 19437706 nnns volume:14 year:2001 number:10 pages:1189-1196 https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI.2001.14.10.1189 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/fccfe2b451324dd3840f8b90a217ccdc kostenfrei https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/MPMI.2001.14.10.1189 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/0894-0282 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1943-7706 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2001 10 1189-1196
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source	In Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 14(2001), 10, Seite 1189-1196 volume:14 year:2001 number:10 pages:1189-1196
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author	Iñaki Iturbe-Ormaetxe
spellingShingle	Iñaki Iturbe-Ormaetxe misc QR1-502 misc QK1-989 misc free radicals misc nodule organelles misc oxidative stress misc thiols misc Microbiology misc Botany The Antioxidants of Legume Nodule Mitochondria
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topic_title	QR1-502 QK1-989 The Antioxidants of Legume Nodule Mitochondria free radicals nodule organelles oxidative stress thiols
topic	misc QR1-502 misc QK1-989 misc free radicals misc nodule organelles misc oxidative stress misc thiols misc Microbiology misc Botany
topic_unstemmed	misc QR1-502 misc QK1-989 misc free radicals misc nodule organelles misc oxidative stress misc thiols misc Microbiology misc Botany
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title	The Antioxidants of Legume Nodule Mitochondria
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title_full	The Antioxidants of Legume Nodule Mitochondria
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title_sort	antioxidants of legume nodule mitochondria
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title_auth	The Antioxidants of Legume Nodule Mitochondria
abstract	The mitochondria of legume root nodules are critical to sustain the energy-intensive process of nitrogen fixation. They also generate reactive oxygen species at high rates and thus require the protection of antioxidant enzymes and metabolites. We show here that highly purified mitochondria from bean nodules (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Contender × Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli strain 3622) contain ascorbate peroxidase primarily in the inner membrane (with lesser amounts detected occasionally in the matrix), guaiacol peroxidases in the outer membrane and matrix, and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and an ascorbate-regenerating system in the matrix. This regenerating system relies on homoglutathione (instead of glutathione) and pyridine nucleotides as electron donors and involves the enzymes monodehy-droascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and homoglutathione reductase. Homoglutathione is synthesized in the cytosol and taken up by the mitochondria and bacteroids. Although bacteroids synthesize glutathione, it is not exported to the plant in significant amounts. We propose a model for the detoxification of peroxides in nodule mitochondria in which membrane-bound ascorbate peroxidase scavenges the peroxide formed by the electron transport chain using ascorbate provided by L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase in the inner membrane. The resulting monodehydroascorbate and dehydroascorbate can be recycled in the matrix or cytosol. In the matrix, the peroxides formed by oxidative reactions and by MnSOD may be scavenged by specific isozymes of guaiacol peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase.
abstractGer	The mitochondria of legume root nodules are critical to sustain the energy-intensive process of nitrogen fixation. They also generate reactive oxygen species at high rates and thus require the protection of antioxidant enzymes and metabolites. We show here that highly purified mitochondria from bean nodules (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Contender × Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli strain 3622) contain ascorbate peroxidase primarily in the inner membrane (with lesser amounts detected occasionally in the matrix), guaiacol peroxidases in the outer membrane and matrix, and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and an ascorbate-regenerating system in the matrix. This regenerating system relies on homoglutathione (instead of glutathione) and pyridine nucleotides as electron donors and involves the enzymes monodehy-droascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and homoglutathione reductase. Homoglutathione is synthesized in the cytosol and taken up by the mitochondria and bacteroids. Although bacteroids synthesize glutathione, it is not exported to the plant in significant amounts. We propose a model for the detoxification of peroxides in nodule mitochondria in which membrane-bound ascorbate peroxidase scavenges the peroxide formed by the electron transport chain using ascorbate provided by L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase in the inner membrane. The resulting monodehydroascorbate and dehydroascorbate can be recycled in the matrix or cytosol. In the matrix, the peroxides formed by oxidative reactions and by MnSOD may be scavenged by specific isozymes of guaiacol peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase.
abstract_unstemmed	The mitochondria of legume root nodules are critical to sustain the energy-intensive process of nitrogen fixation. They also generate reactive oxygen species at high rates and thus require the protection of antioxidant enzymes and metabolites. We show here that highly purified mitochondria from bean nodules (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Contender × Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli strain 3622) contain ascorbate peroxidase primarily in the inner membrane (with lesser amounts detected occasionally in the matrix), guaiacol peroxidases in the outer membrane and matrix, and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and an ascorbate-regenerating system in the matrix. This regenerating system relies on homoglutathione (instead of glutathione) and pyridine nucleotides as electron donors and involves the enzymes monodehy-droascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and homoglutathione reductase. Homoglutathione is synthesized in the cytosol and taken up by the mitochondria and bacteroids. Although bacteroids synthesize glutathione, it is not exported to the plant in significant amounts. We propose a model for the detoxification of peroxides in nodule mitochondria in which membrane-bound ascorbate peroxidase scavenges the peroxide formed by the electron transport chain using ascorbate provided by L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase in the inner membrane. The resulting monodehydroascorbate and dehydroascorbate can be recycled in the matrix or cytosol. In the matrix, the peroxides formed by oxidative reactions and by MnSOD may be scavenged by specific isozymes of guaiacol peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase.
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title_short	The Antioxidants of Legume Nodule Mitochondria
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