Assessing human–Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) conflicts in Kumrat Valley—Western flanks of Hindu Kush Region, northern Pakistan

The rapid expansion of the human population into wildlife habitats increases human-wildlife conflicts (HWC) and threatens the survival of dwindling wildlife populations. HWCs are a major problem globally but are most prevalent in countries where a major part of the population adopts agro-pastoralist life as the primary source of income. In Pakistan, HWCs has led to a highly negative attitude towards apex predators and are one of the chief reasons for the retributory killing of rare carnivore species. One such carnivore involved in HWCs is the Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus), listed as vulnerable globally and in Pakistan. Surveys of human-bear interactions were conducted in Kumrat Valley of Dir upper district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province. We used a semi-structured questionnaire to interview 104 randomly selected respondents between February-March 2022. According to the respondents, Asiatic black bears attacked 14 individual livestock over the past two years, incurring an economic loss of USD 2392. However, respondents incurred a higher economic loss though damages to crops, causing a total loss of USD 7302 with an annual economic loss of USD 3651 (USD 35.1 per household). Guarding of livestock was the predominant factor influencing patterns of livestock predation. Season was the main influence on rates of crop damage, with the highest levels observed in summer. 67.31% of respondents had a negative attitude towards the black bear and wanted its elimination or reduction from the area owing to economic losses. The people's attitudes were influenced by four factors: education, agricultural land owned, livestock owned, and bear sightings. Despite economic losses and negative attitudes towards black bears, not a single bear has been killed by the locals. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that insurance schemes for crop damage and livestock losses are implemented. These should be coupled with effective awareness campaigns to ensure and maintain the peaceful co-existence of Asiatic black bears with humans in this intact ecosystem. Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Romaan Hayat Khattak [verfasserIn] Tahir Mehmood [verfasserIn] Liwei Teng [verfasserIn] Shakeel Ahmad [verfasserIn] Ejaz Ur Rehman [verfasserIn] Zhensheng Liu [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2022

Schlagwörter:	Human-bear conflicts Public attitude Economic losses Livestock predation Crop damage Human-bear encounters

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Global Ecology and Conservation - Elsevier, 2015, 38(2022), Seite e02230-
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:38 ; year:2022 ; pages:e02230-

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02230

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ024940046

Internformat


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spelling	10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02230 doi (DE-627)DOAJ024940046 (DE-599)DOAJ87cc0542c62e402881415e7d9e9d61de DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH540-549.5 Romaan Hayat Khattak verfasserin aut Assessing human–Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) conflicts in Kumrat Valley—Western flanks of Hindu Kush Region, northern Pakistan 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The rapid expansion of the human population into wildlife habitats increases human-wildlife conflicts (HWC) and threatens the survival of dwindling wildlife populations. HWCs are a major problem globally but are most prevalent in countries where a major part of the population adopts agro-pastoralist life as the primary source of income. In Pakistan, HWCs has led to a highly negative attitude towards apex predators and are one of the chief reasons for the retributory killing of rare carnivore species. One such carnivore involved in HWCs is the Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus), listed as vulnerable globally and in Pakistan. Surveys of human-bear interactions were conducted in Kumrat Valley of Dir upper district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province. We used a semi-structured questionnaire to interview 104 randomly selected respondents between February-March 2022. According to the respondents, Asiatic black bears attacked 14 individual livestock over the past two years, incurring an economic loss of USD 2392. However, respondents incurred a higher economic loss though damages to crops, causing a total loss of USD 7302 with an annual economic loss of USD 3651 (USD 35.1 per household). Guarding of livestock was the predominant factor influencing patterns of livestock predation. Season was the main influence on rates of crop damage, with the highest levels observed in summer. 67.31% of respondents had a negative attitude towards the black bear and wanted its elimination or reduction from the area owing to economic losses. The people's attitudes were influenced by four factors: education, agricultural land owned, livestock owned, and bear sightings. Despite economic losses and negative attitudes towards black bears, not a single bear has been killed by the locals. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that insurance schemes for crop damage and livestock losses are implemented. These should be coupled with effective awareness campaigns to ensure and maintain the peaceful co-existence of Asiatic black bears with humans in this intact ecosystem. Human-bear conflicts Public attitude Economic losses Livestock predation Crop damage Human-bear encounters Ecology Tahir Mehmood verfasserin aut Liwei Teng verfasserin aut Shakeel Ahmad verfasserin aut Ejaz Ur Rehman verfasserin aut Zhensheng Liu verfasserin aut In Global Ecology and Conservation Elsevier, 2015 38(2022), Seite e02230- (DE-627)820688959 (DE-600)2814786-8 23519894 nnns volume:38 year:2022 pages:e02230- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02230 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/87cc0542c62e402881415e7d9e9d61de kostenfrei http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2351989422002323 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2351-9894 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 38 2022 e02230-
allfields_unstemmed	10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02230 doi (DE-627)DOAJ024940046 (DE-599)DOAJ87cc0542c62e402881415e7d9e9d61de DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH540-549.5 Romaan Hayat Khattak verfasserin aut Assessing human–Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) conflicts in Kumrat Valley—Western flanks of Hindu Kush Region, northern Pakistan 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The rapid expansion of the human population into wildlife habitats increases human-wildlife conflicts (HWC) and threatens the survival of dwindling wildlife populations. HWCs are a major problem globally but are most prevalent in countries where a major part of the population adopts agro-pastoralist life as the primary source of income. In Pakistan, HWCs has led to a highly negative attitude towards apex predators and are one of the chief reasons for the retributory killing of rare carnivore species. One such carnivore involved in HWCs is the Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus), listed as vulnerable globally and in Pakistan. Surveys of human-bear interactions were conducted in Kumrat Valley of Dir upper district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province. We used a semi-structured questionnaire to interview 104 randomly selected respondents between February-March 2022. According to the respondents, Asiatic black bears attacked 14 individual livestock over the past two years, incurring an economic loss of USD 2392. However, respondents incurred a higher economic loss though damages to crops, causing a total loss of USD 7302 with an annual economic loss of USD 3651 (USD 35.1 per household). Guarding of livestock was the predominant factor influencing patterns of livestock predation. Season was the main influence on rates of crop damage, with the highest levels observed in summer. 67.31% of respondents had a negative attitude towards the black bear and wanted its elimination or reduction from the area owing to economic losses. The people's attitudes were influenced by four factors: education, agricultural land owned, livestock owned, and bear sightings. Despite economic losses and negative attitudes towards black bears, not a single bear has been killed by the locals. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that insurance schemes for crop damage and livestock losses are implemented. These should be coupled with effective awareness campaigns to ensure and maintain the peaceful co-existence of Asiatic black bears with humans in this intact ecosystem. Human-bear conflicts Public attitude Economic losses Livestock predation Crop damage Human-bear encounters Ecology Tahir Mehmood verfasserin aut Liwei Teng verfasserin aut Shakeel Ahmad verfasserin aut Ejaz Ur Rehman verfasserin aut Zhensheng Liu verfasserin aut In Global Ecology and Conservation Elsevier, 2015 38(2022), Seite e02230- (DE-627)820688959 (DE-600)2814786-8 23519894 nnns volume:38 year:2022 pages:e02230- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02230 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/87cc0542c62e402881415e7d9e9d61de kostenfrei http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2351989422002323 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2351-9894 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 38 2022 e02230-
allfieldsGer	10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02230 doi (DE-627)DOAJ024940046 (DE-599)DOAJ87cc0542c62e402881415e7d9e9d61de DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH540-549.5 Romaan Hayat Khattak verfasserin aut Assessing human–Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) conflicts in Kumrat Valley—Western flanks of Hindu Kush Region, northern Pakistan 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The rapid expansion of the human population into wildlife habitats increases human-wildlife conflicts (HWC) and threatens the survival of dwindling wildlife populations. HWCs are a major problem globally but are most prevalent in countries where a major part of the population adopts agro-pastoralist life as the primary source of income. In Pakistan, HWCs has led to a highly negative attitude towards apex predators and are one of the chief reasons for the retributory killing of rare carnivore species. One such carnivore involved in HWCs is the Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus), listed as vulnerable globally and in Pakistan. Surveys of human-bear interactions were conducted in Kumrat Valley of Dir upper district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province. We used a semi-structured questionnaire to interview 104 randomly selected respondents between February-March 2022. According to the respondents, Asiatic black bears attacked 14 individual livestock over the past two years, incurring an economic loss of USD 2392. However, respondents incurred a higher economic loss though damages to crops, causing a total loss of USD 7302 with an annual economic loss of USD 3651 (USD 35.1 per household). Guarding of livestock was the predominant factor influencing patterns of livestock predation. Season was the main influence on rates of crop damage, with the highest levels observed in summer. 67.31% of respondents had a negative attitude towards the black bear and wanted its elimination or reduction from the area owing to economic losses. The people's attitudes were influenced by four factors: education, agricultural land owned, livestock owned, and bear sightings. Despite economic losses and negative attitudes towards black bears, not a single bear has been killed by the locals. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that insurance schemes for crop damage and livestock losses are implemented. These should be coupled with effective awareness campaigns to ensure and maintain the peaceful co-existence of Asiatic black bears with humans in this intact ecosystem. Human-bear conflicts Public attitude Economic losses Livestock predation Crop damage Human-bear encounters Ecology Tahir Mehmood verfasserin aut Liwei Teng verfasserin aut Shakeel Ahmad verfasserin aut Ejaz Ur Rehman verfasserin aut Zhensheng Liu verfasserin aut In Global Ecology and Conservation Elsevier, 2015 38(2022), Seite e02230- (DE-627)820688959 (DE-600)2814786-8 23519894 nnns volume:38 year:2022 pages:e02230- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02230 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/87cc0542c62e402881415e7d9e9d61de kostenfrei http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2351989422002323 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2351-9894 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 38 2022 e02230-
allfieldsSound	10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02230 doi (DE-627)DOAJ024940046 (DE-599)DOAJ87cc0542c62e402881415e7d9e9d61de DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH540-549.5 Romaan Hayat Khattak verfasserin aut Assessing human–Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) conflicts in Kumrat Valley—Western flanks of Hindu Kush Region, northern Pakistan 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The rapid expansion of the human population into wildlife habitats increases human-wildlife conflicts (HWC) and threatens the survival of dwindling wildlife populations. HWCs are a major problem globally but are most prevalent in countries where a major part of the population adopts agro-pastoralist life as the primary source of income. In Pakistan, HWCs has led to a highly negative attitude towards apex predators and are one of the chief reasons for the retributory killing of rare carnivore species. One such carnivore involved in HWCs is the Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus), listed as vulnerable globally and in Pakistan. Surveys of human-bear interactions were conducted in Kumrat Valley of Dir upper district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province. We used a semi-structured questionnaire to interview 104 randomly selected respondents between February-March 2022. According to the respondents, Asiatic black bears attacked 14 individual livestock over the past two years, incurring an economic loss of USD 2392. However, respondents incurred a higher economic loss though damages to crops, causing a total loss of USD 7302 with an annual economic loss of USD 3651 (USD 35.1 per household). Guarding of livestock was the predominant factor influencing patterns of livestock predation. Season was the main influence on rates of crop damage, with the highest levels observed in summer. 67.31% of respondents had a negative attitude towards the black bear and wanted its elimination or reduction from the area owing to economic losses. The people's attitudes were influenced by four factors: education, agricultural land owned, livestock owned, and bear sightings. Despite economic losses and negative attitudes towards black bears, not a single bear has been killed by the locals. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that insurance schemes for crop damage and livestock losses are implemented. These should be coupled with effective awareness campaigns to ensure and maintain the peaceful co-existence of Asiatic black bears with humans in this intact ecosystem. Human-bear conflicts Public attitude Economic losses Livestock predation Crop damage Human-bear encounters Ecology Tahir Mehmood verfasserin aut Liwei Teng verfasserin aut Shakeel Ahmad verfasserin aut Ejaz Ur Rehman verfasserin aut Zhensheng Liu verfasserin aut In Global Ecology and Conservation Elsevier, 2015 38(2022), Seite e02230- (DE-627)820688959 (DE-600)2814786-8 23519894 nnns volume:38 year:2022 pages:e02230- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02230 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/87cc0542c62e402881415e7d9e9d61de kostenfrei http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2351989422002323 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2351-9894 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 38 2022 e02230-
language	English
source	In Global Ecology and Conservation 38(2022), Seite e02230- volume:38 year:2022 pages:e02230-
sourceStr	In Global Ecology and Conservation 38(2022), Seite e02230- volume:38 year:2022 pages:e02230-
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	Human-bear conflicts Public attitude Economic losses Livestock predation Crop damage Human-bear encounters Ecology
isfreeaccess_bool	true
container_title	Global Ecology and Conservation
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Romaan Hayat Khattak @@aut@@ Tahir Mehmood @@aut@@ Liwei Teng @@aut@@ Shakeel Ahmad @@aut@@ Ejaz Ur Rehman @@aut@@ Zhensheng Liu @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
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id	DOAJ024940046
language_de	englisch
fullrecord	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01000caa a22002652 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">DOAJ024940046</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-627</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20230307081858.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">230226s2022 xx \|\|\|\|\|o 00\| \|\|eng c</controlfield><datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02230</subfield><subfield code="2">doi</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-627)DOAJ024940046</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)DOAJ87cc0542c62e402881415e7d9e9d61de</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="c">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="050" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">QH540-549.5</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Romaan Hayat Khattak</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Assessing human–Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) conflicts in Kumrat Valley—Western flanks of Hindu Kush Region, northern Pakistan</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2022</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Computermedien</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Online-Ressource</subfield><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">The rapid expansion of the human population into wildlife habitats increases human-wildlife conflicts (HWC) and threatens the survival of dwindling wildlife populations. HWCs are a major problem globally but are most prevalent in countries where a major part of the population adopts agro-pastoralist life as the primary source of income. In Pakistan, HWCs has led to a highly negative attitude towards apex predators and are one of the chief reasons for the retributory killing of rare carnivore species. One such carnivore involved in HWCs is the Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus), listed as vulnerable globally and in Pakistan. Surveys of human-bear interactions were conducted in Kumrat Valley of Dir upper district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province. We used a semi-structured questionnaire to interview 104 randomly selected respondents between February-March 2022. According to the respondents, Asiatic black bears attacked 14 individual livestock over the past two years, incurring an economic loss of USD 2392. 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author	Romaan Hayat Khattak
spellingShingle	Romaan Hayat Khattak misc QH540-549.5 misc Human-bear conflicts misc Public attitude misc Economic losses misc Livestock predation misc Crop damage misc Human-bear encounters misc Ecology Assessing human–Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) conflicts in Kumrat Valley—Western flanks of Hindu Kush Region, northern Pakistan
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topic_title	QH540-549.5 Assessing human–Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) conflicts in Kumrat Valley—Western flanks of Hindu Kush Region, northern Pakistan Human-bear conflicts Public attitude Economic losses Livestock predation Crop damage Human-bear encounters
topic	misc QH540-549.5 misc Human-bear conflicts misc Public attitude misc Economic losses misc Livestock predation misc Crop damage misc Human-bear encounters misc Ecology
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title	Assessing human–Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) conflicts in Kumrat Valley—Western flanks of Hindu Kush Region, northern Pakistan
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title_full	Assessing human–Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) conflicts in Kumrat Valley—Western flanks of Hindu Kush Region, northern Pakistan
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title_sort	assessing human–asiatic black bear (ursus thibetanus) conflicts in kumrat valley—western flanks of hindu kush region, northern pakistan
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title_auth	Assessing human–Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) conflicts in Kumrat Valley—Western flanks of Hindu Kush Region, northern Pakistan
abstract	The rapid expansion of the human population into wildlife habitats increases human-wildlife conflicts (HWC) and threatens the survival of dwindling wildlife populations. HWCs are a major problem globally but are most prevalent in countries where a major part of the population adopts agro-pastoralist life as the primary source of income. In Pakistan, HWCs has led to a highly negative attitude towards apex predators and are one of the chief reasons for the retributory killing of rare carnivore species. One such carnivore involved in HWCs is the Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus), listed as vulnerable globally and in Pakistan. Surveys of human-bear interactions were conducted in Kumrat Valley of Dir upper district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province. We used a semi-structured questionnaire to interview 104 randomly selected respondents between February-March 2022. According to the respondents, Asiatic black bears attacked 14 individual livestock over the past two years, incurring an economic loss of USD 2392. However, respondents incurred a higher economic loss though damages to crops, causing a total loss of USD 7302 with an annual economic loss of USD 3651 (USD 35.1 per household). Guarding of livestock was the predominant factor influencing patterns of livestock predation. Season was the main influence on rates of crop damage, with the highest levels observed in summer. 67.31% of respondents had a negative attitude towards the black bear and wanted its elimination or reduction from the area owing to economic losses. The people's attitudes were influenced by four factors: education, agricultural land owned, livestock owned, and bear sightings. Despite economic losses and negative attitudes towards black bears, not a single bear has been killed by the locals. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that insurance schemes for crop damage and livestock losses are implemented. These should be coupled with effective awareness campaigns to ensure and maintain the peaceful co-existence of Asiatic black bears with humans in this intact ecosystem.
abstractGer	The rapid expansion of the human population into wildlife habitats increases human-wildlife conflicts (HWC) and threatens the survival of dwindling wildlife populations. HWCs are a major problem globally but are most prevalent in countries where a major part of the population adopts agro-pastoralist life as the primary source of income. In Pakistan, HWCs has led to a highly negative attitude towards apex predators and are one of the chief reasons for the retributory killing of rare carnivore species. One such carnivore involved in HWCs is the Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus), listed as vulnerable globally and in Pakistan. Surveys of human-bear interactions were conducted in Kumrat Valley of Dir upper district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province. We used a semi-structured questionnaire to interview 104 randomly selected respondents between February-March 2022. According to the respondents, Asiatic black bears attacked 14 individual livestock over the past two years, incurring an economic loss of USD 2392. However, respondents incurred a higher economic loss though damages to crops, causing a total loss of USD 7302 with an annual economic loss of USD 3651 (USD 35.1 per household). Guarding of livestock was the predominant factor influencing patterns of livestock predation. Season was the main influence on rates of crop damage, with the highest levels observed in summer. 67.31% of respondents had a negative attitude towards the black bear and wanted its elimination or reduction from the area owing to economic losses. The people's attitudes were influenced by four factors: education, agricultural land owned, livestock owned, and bear sightings. Despite economic losses and negative attitudes towards black bears, not a single bear has been killed by the locals. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that insurance schemes for crop damage and livestock losses are implemented. These should be coupled with effective awareness campaigns to ensure and maintain the peaceful co-existence of Asiatic black bears with humans in this intact ecosystem.
abstract_unstemmed	The rapid expansion of the human population into wildlife habitats increases human-wildlife conflicts (HWC) and threatens the survival of dwindling wildlife populations. HWCs are a major problem globally but are most prevalent in countries where a major part of the population adopts agro-pastoralist life as the primary source of income. In Pakistan, HWCs has led to a highly negative attitude towards apex predators and are one of the chief reasons for the retributory killing of rare carnivore species. One such carnivore involved in HWCs is the Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus), listed as vulnerable globally and in Pakistan. Surveys of human-bear interactions were conducted in Kumrat Valley of Dir upper district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province. We used a semi-structured questionnaire to interview 104 randomly selected respondents between February-March 2022. According to the respondents, Asiatic black bears attacked 14 individual livestock over the past two years, incurring an economic loss of USD 2392. However, respondents incurred a higher economic loss though damages to crops, causing a total loss of USD 7302 with an annual economic loss of USD 3651 (USD 35.1 per household). Guarding of livestock was the predominant factor influencing patterns of livestock predation. Season was the main influence on rates of crop damage, with the highest levels observed in summer. 67.31% of respondents had a negative attitude towards the black bear and wanted its elimination or reduction from the area owing to economic losses. The people's attitudes were influenced by four factors: education, agricultural land owned, livestock owned, and bear sightings. Despite economic losses and negative attitudes towards black bears, not a single bear has been killed by the locals. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that insurance schemes for crop damage and livestock losses are implemented. These should be coupled with effective awareness campaigns to ensure and maintain the peaceful co-existence of Asiatic black bears with humans in this intact ecosystem.
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title_short	Assessing human–Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) conflicts in Kumrat Valley—Western flanks of Hindu Kush Region, northern Pakistan
url	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02230 https://doaj.org/article/87cc0542c62e402881415e7d9e9d61de http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2351989422002323 https://doaj.org/toc/2351-9894
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up_date	2024-07-04T00:58:31.509Z
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HWCs are a major problem globally but are most prevalent in countries where a major part of the population adopts agro-pastoralist life as the primary source of income. In Pakistan, HWCs has led to a highly negative attitude towards apex predators and are one of the chief reasons for the retributory killing of rare carnivore species. One such carnivore involved in HWCs is the Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus), listed as vulnerable globally and in Pakistan. Surveys of human-bear interactions were conducted in Kumrat Valley of Dir upper district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province. We used a semi-structured questionnaire to interview 104 randomly selected respondents between February-March 2022. According to the respondents, Asiatic black bears attacked 14 individual livestock over the past two years, incurring an economic loss of USD 2392. However, respondents incurred a higher economic loss though damages to crops, causing a total loss of USD 7302 with an annual economic loss of USD 3651 (USD 35.1 per household). Guarding of livestock was the predominant factor influencing patterns of livestock predation. Season was the main influence on rates of crop damage, with the highest levels observed in summer. 67.31% of respondents had a negative attitude towards the black bear and wanted its elimination or reduction from the area owing to economic losses. The people's attitudes were influenced by four factors: education, agricultural land owned, livestock owned, and bear sightings. Despite economic losses and negative attitudes towards black bears, not a single bear has been killed by the locals. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that insurance schemes for crop damage and livestock losses are implemented. 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Assessing human–Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) conflicts in Kumrat Valley—Western flanks of Hindu Kush Region, northern Pakistan

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