Experimental Breast Phantom Imaging with Metamaterial-Inspired Nine-Antenna Sensor Array

An experimental system for early screening of a breast tumor is presented in this article. The proposed microwave imaging (MI) system consists of a moveable array of nine improved negative-index metamaterial (MTM)-loaded ultrawideband (UWB) antenna sensor with incorporation of a corresponding SRR (s...
Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Mohammad Tariqul Islam [verfasserIn] Md Samsuzzaman [verfasserIn] Md Tarikul Islam [verfasserIn] Salehin Kibria [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2018

Schlagwörter:	microwave imaging breast tumor metamaterial loaded antenna ultrawideband antenna homogenous phantom

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Sensors - MDPI AG, 2003, 18(2018), 12, p 4427
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:18 ; year:2018 ; number:12, p 4427

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/s18124427

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ025196383

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allfields	10.3390/s18124427 doi (DE-627)DOAJ025196383 (DE-599)DOAJ42af713d39974b479b0c445919fc8b01 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TP1-1185 Mohammad Tariqul Islam verfasserin aut Experimental Breast Phantom Imaging with Metamaterial-Inspired Nine-Antenna Sensor Array 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier An experimental system for early screening of a breast tumor is presented in this article. The proposed microwave imaging (MI) system consists of a moveable array of nine improved negative-index metamaterial (MTM)-loaded ultrawideband (UWB) antenna sensor with incorporation of a corresponding SRR (split-ring resonator) and CLS (capacitively loaded strip) structure, in a circular array, the stepper motor-based array-mounting stand, the adjustable phantom hanging platform, an RF switching system to control the receivers, and a personal computer-based signal processing and image reconstruction unit using MATLAB. The improved antenna comprises of four-unit cells along one axis, where an individual unit cell integrates a balancing SRR and CLS pair, which makes the antenna radiation omnidirectional over the operating frequencies. The electrical dimensions of this proposed antenna are 0.28<i<λ</i< × 0.20<i<λ</i< × 0.016<i<λ</i<, measured at the lowest operating frequency of 2.97 GHz as the operating bandwidth of this is in between 2.97⁻15 GHz (134.82% bandwidth), with stable directional radiation pattern. SP8T 8 port switch is used to enable the eight receiver antennas to sequentially send a 3⁻8.0 GHz microwave signal to capture the backscattered signal by MATLAB software. A low-cost realistic homogeneous breast phantom with tumor material is developed and measured to test the capability of the imaging system to detect the breast tumors. A post-processing delay-multiply-and-sum (DMAS) algorithm is used to process the recorded backscatter signal to get an image of the breast phantom, and to accurately identify the existence and located area of multiple breast tumor tissues. microwave imaging breast tumor metamaterial loaded antenna ultrawideband antenna homogenous phantom Chemical technology Md Samsuzzaman verfasserin aut Md Tarikul Islam verfasserin aut Salehin Kibria verfasserin aut In Sensors MDPI AG, 2003 18(2018), 12, p 4427 (DE-627)331640910 (DE-600)2052857-7 14248220 nnns volume:18 year:2018 number:12, p 4427 https://doi.org/10.3390/s18124427 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/42af713d39974b479b0c445919fc8b01 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/12/4427 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1424-8220 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 18 2018 12, p 4427
spelling	10.3390/s18124427 doi (DE-627)DOAJ025196383 (DE-599)DOAJ42af713d39974b479b0c445919fc8b01 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TP1-1185 Mohammad Tariqul Islam verfasserin aut Experimental Breast Phantom Imaging with Metamaterial-Inspired Nine-Antenna Sensor Array 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier An experimental system for early screening of a breast tumor is presented in this article. The proposed microwave imaging (MI) system consists of a moveable array of nine improved negative-index metamaterial (MTM)-loaded ultrawideband (UWB) antenna sensor with incorporation of a corresponding SRR (split-ring resonator) and CLS (capacitively loaded strip) structure, in a circular array, the stepper motor-based array-mounting stand, the adjustable phantom hanging platform, an RF switching system to control the receivers, and a personal computer-based signal processing and image reconstruction unit using MATLAB. The improved antenna comprises of four-unit cells along one axis, where an individual unit cell integrates a balancing SRR and CLS pair, which makes the antenna radiation omnidirectional over the operating frequencies. The electrical dimensions of this proposed antenna are 0.28<i<λ</i< × 0.20<i<λ</i< × 0.016<i<λ</i<, measured at the lowest operating frequency of 2.97 GHz as the operating bandwidth of this is in between 2.97⁻15 GHz (134.82% bandwidth), with stable directional radiation pattern. SP8T 8 port switch is used to enable the eight receiver antennas to sequentially send a 3⁻8.0 GHz microwave signal to capture the backscattered signal by MATLAB software. A low-cost realistic homogeneous breast phantom with tumor material is developed and measured to test the capability of the imaging system to detect the breast tumors. A post-processing delay-multiply-and-sum (DMAS) algorithm is used to process the recorded backscatter signal to get an image of the breast phantom, and to accurately identify the existence and located area of multiple breast tumor tissues. microwave imaging breast tumor metamaterial loaded antenna ultrawideband antenna homogenous phantom Chemical technology Md Samsuzzaman verfasserin aut Md Tarikul Islam verfasserin aut Salehin Kibria verfasserin aut In Sensors MDPI AG, 2003 18(2018), 12, p 4427 (DE-627)331640910 (DE-600)2052857-7 14248220 nnns volume:18 year:2018 number:12, p 4427 https://doi.org/10.3390/s18124427 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/42af713d39974b479b0c445919fc8b01 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/12/4427 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1424-8220 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 18 2018 12, p 4427
allfields_unstemmed	10.3390/s18124427 doi (DE-627)DOAJ025196383 (DE-599)DOAJ42af713d39974b479b0c445919fc8b01 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TP1-1185 Mohammad Tariqul Islam verfasserin aut Experimental Breast Phantom Imaging with Metamaterial-Inspired Nine-Antenna Sensor Array 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier An experimental system for early screening of a breast tumor is presented in this article. The proposed microwave imaging (MI) system consists of a moveable array of nine improved negative-index metamaterial (MTM)-loaded ultrawideband (UWB) antenna sensor with incorporation of a corresponding SRR (split-ring resonator) and CLS (capacitively loaded strip) structure, in a circular array, the stepper motor-based array-mounting stand, the adjustable phantom hanging platform, an RF switching system to control the receivers, and a personal computer-based signal processing and image reconstruction unit using MATLAB. The improved antenna comprises of four-unit cells along one axis, where an individual unit cell integrates a balancing SRR and CLS pair, which makes the antenna radiation omnidirectional over the operating frequencies. The electrical dimensions of this proposed antenna are 0.28<i<λ</i< × 0.20<i<λ</i< × 0.016<i<λ</i<, measured at the lowest operating frequency of 2.97 GHz as the operating bandwidth of this is in between 2.97⁻15 GHz (134.82% bandwidth), with stable directional radiation pattern. SP8T 8 port switch is used to enable the eight receiver antennas to sequentially send a 3⁻8.0 GHz microwave signal to capture the backscattered signal by MATLAB software. A low-cost realistic homogeneous breast phantom with tumor material is developed and measured to test the capability of the imaging system to detect the breast tumors. A post-processing delay-multiply-and-sum (DMAS) algorithm is used to process the recorded backscatter signal to get an image of the breast phantom, and to accurately identify the existence and located area of multiple breast tumor tissues. microwave imaging breast tumor metamaterial loaded antenna ultrawideband antenna homogenous phantom Chemical technology Md Samsuzzaman verfasserin aut Md Tarikul Islam verfasserin aut Salehin Kibria verfasserin aut In Sensors MDPI AG, 2003 18(2018), 12, p 4427 (DE-627)331640910 (DE-600)2052857-7 14248220 nnns volume:18 year:2018 number:12, p 4427 https://doi.org/10.3390/s18124427 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/42af713d39974b479b0c445919fc8b01 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/12/4427 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1424-8220 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 18 2018 12, p 4427
allfieldsGer	10.3390/s18124427 doi (DE-627)DOAJ025196383 (DE-599)DOAJ42af713d39974b479b0c445919fc8b01 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TP1-1185 Mohammad Tariqul Islam verfasserin aut Experimental Breast Phantom Imaging with Metamaterial-Inspired Nine-Antenna Sensor Array 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier An experimental system for early screening of a breast tumor is presented in this article. The proposed microwave imaging (MI) system consists of a moveable array of nine improved negative-index metamaterial (MTM)-loaded ultrawideband (UWB) antenna sensor with incorporation of a corresponding SRR (split-ring resonator) and CLS (capacitively loaded strip) structure, in a circular array, the stepper motor-based array-mounting stand, the adjustable phantom hanging platform, an RF switching system to control the receivers, and a personal computer-based signal processing and image reconstruction unit using MATLAB. The improved antenna comprises of four-unit cells along one axis, where an individual unit cell integrates a balancing SRR and CLS pair, which makes the antenna radiation omnidirectional over the operating frequencies. The electrical dimensions of this proposed antenna are 0.28<i<λ</i< × 0.20<i<λ</i< × 0.016<i<λ</i<, measured at the lowest operating frequency of 2.97 GHz as the operating bandwidth of this is in between 2.97⁻15 GHz (134.82% bandwidth), with stable directional radiation pattern. SP8T 8 port switch is used to enable the eight receiver antennas to sequentially send a 3⁻8.0 GHz microwave signal to capture the backscattered signal by MATLAB software. A low-cost realistic homogeneous breast phantom with tumor material is developed and measured to test the capability of the imaging system to detect the breast tumors. A post-processing delay-multiply-and-sum (DMAS) algorithm is used to process the recorded backscatter signal to get an image of the breast phantom, and to accurately identify the existence and located area of multiple breast tumor tissues. microwave imaging breast tumor metamaterial loaded antenna ultrawideband antenna homogenous phantom Chemical technology Md Samsuzzaman verfasserin aut Md Tarikul Islam verfasserin aut Salehin Kibria verfasserin aut In Sensors MDPI AG, 2003 18(2018), 12, p 4427 (DE-627)331640910 (DE-600)2052857-7 14248220 nnns volume:18 year:2018 number:12, p 4427 https://doi.org/10.3390/s18124427 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/42af713d39974b479b0c445919fc8b01 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/12/4427 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1424-8220 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 18 2018 12, p 4427
allfieldsSound	10.3390/s18124427 doi (DE-627)DOAJ025196383 (DE-599)DOAJ42af713d39974b479b0c445919fc8b01 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TP1-1185 Mohammad Tariqul Islam verfasserin aut Experimental Breast Phantom Imaging with Metamaterial-Inspired Nine-Antenna Sensor Array 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier An experimental system for early screening of a breast tumor is presented in this article. The proposed microwave imaging (MI) system consists of a moveable array of nine improved negative-index metamaterial (MTM)-loaded ultrawideband (UWB) antenna sensor with incorporation of a corresponding SRR (split-ring resonator) and CLS (capacitively loaded strip) structure, in a circular array, the stepper motor-based array-mounting stand, the adjustable phantom hanging platform, an RF switching system to control the receivers, and a personal computer-based signal processing and image reconstruction unit using MATLAB. The improved antenna comprises of four-unit cells along one axis, where an individual unit cell integrates a balancing SRR and CLS pair, which makes the antenna radiation omnidirectional over the operating frequencies. The electrical dimensions of this proposed antenna are 0.28<i<λ</i< × 0.20<i<λ</i< × 0.016<i<λ</i<, measured at the lowest operating frequency of 2.97 GHz as the operating bandwidth of this is in between 2.97⁻15 GHz (134.82% bandwidth), with stable directional radiation pattern. SP8T 8 port switch is used to enable the eight receiver antennas to sequentially send a 3⁻8.0 GHz microwave signal to capture the backscattered signal by MATLAB software. A low-cost realistic homogeneous breast phantom with tumor material is developed and measured to test the capability of the imaging system to detect the breast tumors. A post-processing delay-multiply-and-sum (DMAS) algorithm is used to process the recorded backscatter signal to get an image of the breast phantom, and to accurately identify the existence and located area of multiple breast tumor tissues. microwave imaging breast tumor metamaterial loaded antenna ultrawideband antenna homogenous phantom Chemical technology Md Samsuzzaman verfasserin aut Md Tarikul Islam verfasserin aut Salehin Kibria verfasserin aut In Sensors MDPI AG, 2003 18(2018), 12, p 4427 (DE-627)331640910 (DE-600)2052857-7 14248220 nnns volume:18 year:2018 number:12, p 4427 https://doi.org/10.3390/s18124427 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/42af713d39974b479b0c445919fc8b01 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/12/4427 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1424-8220 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 18 2018 12, p 4427
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topic_facet	microwave imaging breast tumor metamaterial loaded antenna ultrawideband antenna homogenous phantom Chemical technology
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authorswithroles_txt_mv	Mohammad Tariqul Islam @@aut@@ Md Samsuzzaman @@aut@@ Md Tarikul Islam @@aut@@ Salehin Kibria @@aut@@
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callnumber-first	T - Technology
author	Mohammad Tariqul Islam
spellingShingle	Mohammad Tariqul Islam misc TP1-1185 misc microwave imaging misc breast tumor misc metamaterial loaded antenna misc ultrawideband antenna misc homogenous phantom misc Chemical technology Experimental Breast Phantom Imaging with Metamaterial-Inspired Nine-Antenna Sensor Array
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topic_title	TP1-1185 Experimental Breast Phantom Imaging with Metamaterial-Inspired Nine-Antenna Sensor Array microwave imaging breast tumor metamaterial loaded antenna ultrawideband antenna homogenous phantom
topic	misc TP1-1185 misc microwave imaging misc breast tumor misc metamaterial loaded antenna misc ultrawideband antenna misc homogenous phantom misc Chemical technology
topic_unstemmed	misc TP1-1185 misc microwave imaging misc breast tumor misc metamaterial loaded antenna misc ultrawideband antenna misc homogenous phantom misc Chemical technology
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title	Experimental Breast Phantom Imaging with Metamaterial-Inspired Nine-Antenna Sensor Array
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title_sort	experimental breast phantom imaging with metamaterial-inspired nine-antenna sensor array
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title_auth	Experimental Breast Phantom Imaging with Metamaterial-Inspired Nine-Antenna Sensor Array
abstract	An experimental system for early screening of a breast tumor is presented in this article. The proposed microwave imaging (MI) system consists of a moveable array of nine improved negative-index metamaterial (MTM)-loaded ultrawideband (UWB) antenna sensor with incorporation of a corresponding SRR (split-ring resonator) and CLS (capacitively loaded strip) structure, in a circular array, the stepper motor-based array-mounting stand, the adjustable phantom hanging platform, an RF switching system to control the receivers, and a personal computer-based signal processing and image reconstruction unit using MATLAB. The improved antenna comprises of four-unit cells along one axis, where an individual unit cell integrates a balancing SRR and CLS pair, which makes the antenna radiation omnidirectional over the operating frequencies. The electrical dimensions of this proposed antenna are 0.28<i<λ</i< × 0.20<i<λ</i< × 0.016<i<λ</i<, measured at the lowest operating frequency of 2.97 GHz as the operating bandwidth of this is in between 2.97⁻15 GHz (134.82% bandwidth), with stable directional radiation pattern. SP8T 8 port switch is used to enable the eight receiver antennas to sequentially send a 3⁻8.0 GHz microwave signal to capture the backscattered signal by MATLAB software. A low-cost realistic homogeneous breast phantom with tumor material is developed and measured to test the capability of the imaging system to detect the breast tumors. A post-processing delay-multiply-and-sum (DMAS) algorithm is used to process the recorded backscatter signal to get an image of the breast phantom, and to accurately identify the existence and located area of multiple breast tumor tissues.
abstractGer	An experimental system for early screening of a breast tumor is presented in this article. The proposed microwave imaging (MI) system consists of a moveable array of nine improved negative-index metamaterial (MTM)-loaded ultrawideband (UWB) antenna sensor with incorporation of a corresponding SRR (split-ring resonator) and CLS (capacitively loaded strip) structure, in a circular array, the stepper motor-based array-mounting stand, the adjustable phantom hanging platform, an RF switching system to control the receivers, and a personal computer-based signal processing and image reconstruction unit using MATLAB. The improved antenna comprises of four-unit cells along one axis, where an individual unit cell integrates a balancing SRR and CLS pair, which makes the antenna radiation omnidirectional over the operating frequencies. The electrical dimensions of this proposed antenna are 0.28<i<λ</i< × 0.20<i<λ</i< × 0.016<i<λ</i<, measured at the lowest operating frequency of 2.97 GHz as the operating bandwidth of this is in between 2.97⁻15 GHz (134.82% bandwidth), with stable directional radiation pattern. SP8T 8 port switch is used to enable the eight receiver antennas to sequentially send a 3⁻8.0 GHz microwave signal to capture the backscattered signal by MATLAB software. A low-cost realistic homogeneous breast phantom with tumor material is developed and measured to test the capability of the imaging system to detect the breast tumors. A post-processing delay-multiply-and-sum (DMAS) algorithm is used to process the recorded backscatter signal to get an image of the breast phantom, and to accurately identify the existence and located area of multiple breast tumor tissues.
abstract_unstemmed	An experimental system for early screening of a breast tumor is presented in this article. The proposed microwave imaging (MI) system consists of a moveable array of nine improved negative-index metamaterial (MTM)-loaded ultrawideband (UWB) antenna sensor with incorporation of a corresponding SRR (split-ring resonator) and CLS (capacitively loaded strip) structure, in a circular array, the stepper motor-based array-mounting stand, the adjustable phantom hanging platform, an RF switching system to control the receivers, and a personal computer-based signal processing and image reconstruction unit using MATLAB. The improved antenna comprises of four-unit cells along one axis, where an individual unit cell integrates a balancing SRR and CLS pair, which makes the antenna radiation omnidirectional over the operating frequencies. The electrical dimensions of this proposed antenna are 0.28<i<λ</i< × 0.20<i<λ</i< × 0.016<i<λ</i<, measured at the lowest operating frequency of 2.97 GHz as the operating bandwidth of this is in between 2.97⁻15 GHz (134.82% bandwidth), with stable directional radiation pattern. SP8T 8 port switch is used to enable the eight receiver antennas to sequentially send a 3⁻8.0 GHz microwave signal to capture the backscattered signal by MATLAB software. A low-cost realistic homogeneous breast phantom with tumor material is developed and measured to test the capability of the imaging system to detect the breast tumors. A post-processing delay-multiply-and-sum (DMAS) algorithm is used to process the recorded backscatter signal to get an image of the breast phantom, and to accurately identify the existence and located area of multiple breast tumor tissues.
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container_issue	12, p 4427
title_short	Experimental Breast Phantom Imaging with Metamaterial-Inspired Nine-Antenna Sensor Array
url	https://doi.org/10.3390/s18124427 https://doaj.org/article/42af713d39974b479b0c445919fc8b01 https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/12/4427 https://doaj.org/toc/1424-8220
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up_date	2024-07-03T13:34:29.149Z
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The electrical dimensions of this proposed antenna are 0.28<i<λ</i< × 0.20<i<λ</i< × 0.016<i<λ</i<, measured at the lowest operating frequency of 2.97 GHz as the operating bandwidth of this is in between 2.97⁻15 GHz (134.82% bandwidth), with stable directional radiation pattern. SP8T 8 port switch is used to enable the eight receiver antennas to sequentially send a 3⁻8.0 GHz microwave signal to capture the backscattered signal by MATLAB software. A low-cost realistic homogeneous breast phantom with tumor material is developed and measured to test the capability of the imaging system to detect the breast tumors. 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Experimental Breast Phantom Imaging with Metamaterial-Inspired Nine-Antenna Sensor Array

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