Altered precipitation impacts on above- and belowground grassland invertebrates: summer drought leads to outbreaks in spring

Climate change is predicted to result in altered precipitation patterns, which may reshape many grassland ecosystems. Rainfall is expected to change in a number of different ways, ranging from periods of prolonged drought to extreme precipitation events, yet there are few community wide studies to accurately simulate future changes. We aimed to test how aboveground and belowground grassland invertebrate populations were affected by contrasting future rainfall scenarios. We subjected a grassland community to potential future rainfall scenarios including ambient, increased amount (+50% of ambient), reduced amount (-50% of ambient), reduced frequency (no water for 21 days, followed by the total ambient rainfall applied in a single application) and summer drought (no rainfall for 13 weeks during the growing season). During Austral spring (September 2015), we sampled aboveground invertebrates, belowground macro invertebrates and nematodes. Aboveground communities showed a significant response to altered rainfall regime with the greatest effects observed in summer drought plots. This was mostly due to a large increase in sucking herbivores (658% higher than ambient plots). Plots experiencing summer droughts also had higher populations of parasitoids, chewing herbivores and detritivores. These plots had 92% more plant biomass suggesting that primary productivity increased rapidly following the end of the summer drought five months earlier. We interpret these results as supporting the plant vigour hypothesis (i.e. that rapid plant growth is beneficial aboveground invertebrates). While belowground invertebrates were less responsive to altered precipitation, we observed a number of correlations between the abundances of above- and belowground invertebrate groups under ambient rainfall that dissipated under altered rainfall regimes. Mechanisms underpinning these associations, and reasons for them to become decoupled under altered precipitation regimes (we term this ‘climatic decoupling’), remain speculative, but they provide the basis for formulating hypotheses and future work. In conclusion, we predict that shifts in rainfall patterns, especially summer drought, will likely have large, but probably short-term, impacts on grassland invertebrate communities. In particular, sucking herbivores show sensitivity to precipitation changes, which have the potential to cascade through the food chain and affect higher trophic levels. Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Marcel Torode [verfasserIn] Kirk Lee Barnett [verfasserIn] Sarah Louise Facey [verfasserIn] Uffe Nielsen [verfasserIn] Sally Power [verfasserIn] Scott Nicholas Johnson [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2016

Schlagwörter:	Arthropods Climate Change soils aboveground-belowground interactions multi-trophic interactions Rainfall extremes

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Frontiers in Plant Science - Frontiers Media S.A., 2011, 7(2016)
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:7 ; year:2016

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3389/fpls.2016.01468

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ025539442

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allfields	10.3389/fpls.2016.01468 doi (DE-627)DOAJ025539442 (DE-599)DOAJe90c5ba7ea0541cc8e9efe45e0e992e8 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng SB1-1110 Marcel Torode verfasserin aut Altered precipitation impacts on above- and belowground grassland invertebrates: summer drought leads to outbreaks in spring 2016 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Climate change is predicted to result in altered precipitation patterns, which may reshape many grassland ecosystems. Rainfall is expected to change in a number of different ways, ranging from periods of prolonged drought to extreme precipitation events, yet there are few community wide studies to accurately simulate future changes. We aimed to test how aboveground and belowground grassland invertebrate populations were affected by contrasting future rainfall scenarios. We subjected a grassland community to potential future rainfall scenarios including ambient, increased amount (+50% of ambient), reduced amount (-50% of ambient), reduced frequency (no water for 21 days, followed by the total ambient rainfall applied in a single application) and summer drought (no rainfall for 13 weeks during the growing season). During Austral spring (September 2015), we sampled aboveground invertebrates, belowground macro invertebrates and nematodes. Aboveground communities showed a significant response to altered rainfall regime with the greatest effects observed in summer drought plots. This was mostly due to a large increase in sucking herbivores (658% higher than ambient plots). Plots experiencing summer droughts also had higher populations of parasitoids, chewing herbivores and detritivores. These plots had 92% more plant biomass suggesting that primary productivity increased rapidly following the end of the summer drought five months earlier. We interpret these results as supporting the plant vigour hypothesis (i.e. that rapid plant growth is beneficial aboveground invertebrates). While belowground invertebrates were less responsive to altered precipitation, we observed a number of correlations between the abundances of above- and belowground invertebrate groups under ambient rainfall that dissipated under altered rainfall regimes. Mechanisms underpinning these associations, and reasons for them to become decoupled under altered precipitation regimes (we term this ‘climatic decoupling’), remain speculative, but they provide the basis for formulating hypotheses and future work. In conclusion, we predict that shifts in rainfall patterns, especially summer drought, will likely have large, but probably short-term, impacts on grassland invertebrate communities. In particular, sucking herbivores show sensitivity to precipitation changes, which have the potential to cascade through the food chain and affect higher trophic levels. Arthropods Climate Change soils aboveground-belowground interactions multi-trophic interactions Rainfall extremes Plant culture Marcel Torode verfasserin aut Kirk Lee Barnett verfasserin aut Sarah Louise Facey verfasserin aut Uffe Nielsen verfasserin aut Sally Power verfasserin aut Scott Nicholas Johnson verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Plant Science Frontiers Media S.A., 2011 7(2016) (DE-627)662359240 (DE-600)2613694-6 1664462X nnns volume:7 year:2016 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.01468 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/e90c5ba7ea0541cc8e9efe45e0e992e8 kostenfrei http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpls.2016.01468/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1664-462X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 7 2016
spelling	10.3389/fpls.2016.01468 doi (DE-627)DOAJ025539442 (DE-599)DOAJe90c5ba7ea0541cc8e9efe45e0e992e8 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng SB1-1110 Marcel Torode verfasserin aut Altered precipitation impacts on above- and belowground grassland invertebrates: summer drought leads to outbreaks in spring 2016 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Climate change is predicted to result in altered precipitation patterns, which may reshape many grassland ecosystems. Rainfall is expected to change in a number of different ways, ranging from periods of prolonged drought to extreme precipitation events, yet there are few community wide studies to accurately simulate future changes. We aimed to test how aboveground and belowground grassland invertebrate populations were affected by contrasting future rainfall scenarios. We subjected a grassland community to potential future rainfall scenarios including ambient, increased amount (+50% of ambient), reduced amount (-50% of ambient), reduced frequency (no water for 21 days, followed by the total ambient rainfall applied in a single application) and summer drought (no rainfall for 13 weeks during the growing season). During Austral spring (September 2015), we sampled aboveground invertebrates, belowground macro invertebrates and nematodes. Aboveground communities showed a significant response to altered rainfall regime with the greatest effects observed in summer drought plots. This was mostly due to a large increase in sucking herbivores (658% higher than ambient plots). Plots experiencing summer droughts also had higher populations of parasitoids, chewing herbivores and detritivores. These plots had 92% more plant biomass suggesting that primary productivity increased rapidly following the end of the summer drought five months earlier. We interpret these results as supporting the plant vigour hypothesis (i.e. that rapid plant growth is beneficial aboveground invertebrates). While belowground invertebrates were less responsive to altered precipitation, we observed a number of correlations between the abundances of above- and belowground invertebrate groups under ambient rainfall that dissipated under altered rainfall regimes. Mechanisms underpinning these associations, and reasons for them to become decoupled under altered precipitation regimes (we term this ‘climatic decoupling’), remain speculative, but they provide the basis for formulating hypotheses and future work. In conclusion, we predict that shifts in rainfall patterns, especially summer drought, will likely have large, but probably short-term, impacts on grassland invertebrate communities. In particular, sucking herbivores show sensitivity to precipitation changes, which have the potential to cascade through the food chain and affect higher trophic levels. Arthropods Climate Change soils aboveground-belowground interactions multi-trophic interactions Rainfall extremes Plant culture Marcel Torode verfasserin aut Kirk Lee Barnett verfasserin aut Sarah Louise Facey verfasserin aut Uffe Nielsen verfasserin aut Sally Power verfasserin aut Scott Nicholas Johnson verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Plant Science Frontiers Media S.A., 2011 7(2016) (DE-627)662359240 (DE-600)2613694-6 1664462X nnns volume:7 year:2016 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.01468 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/e90c5ba7ea0541cc8e9efe45e0e992e8 kostenfrei http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpls.2016.01468/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1664-462X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 7 2016
allfields_unstemmed	10.3389/fpls.2016.01468 doi (DE-627)DOAJ025539442 (DE-599)DOAJe90c5ba7ea0541cc8e9efe45e0e992e8 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng SB1-1110 Marcel Torode verfasserin aut Altered precipitation impacts on above- and belowground grassland invertebrates: summer drought leads to outbreaks in spring 2016 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Climate change is predicted to result in altered precipitation patterns, which may reshape many grassland ecosystems. Rainfall is expected to change in a number of different ways, ranging from periods of prolonged drought to extreme precipitation events, yet there are few community wide studies to accurately simulate future changes. We aimed to test how aboveground and belowground grassland invertebrate populations were affected by contrasting future rainfall scenarios. We subjected a grassland community to potential future rainfall scenarios including ambient, increased amount (+50% of ambient), reduced amount (-50% of ambient), reduced frequency (no water for 21 days, followed by the total ambient rainfall applied in a single application) and summer drought (no rainfall for 13 weeks during the growing season). During Austral spring (September 2015), we sampled aboveground invertebrates, belowground macro invertebrates and nematodes. Aboveground communities showed a significant response to altered rainfall regime with the greatest effects observed in summer drought plots. This was mostly due to a large increase in sucking herbivores (658% higher than ambient plots). Plots experiencing summer droughts also had higher populations of parasitoids, chewing herbivores and detritivores. These plots had 92% more plant biomass suggesting that primary productivity increased rapidly following the end of the summer drought five months earlier. We interpret these results as supporting the plant vigour hypothesis (i.e. that rapid plant growth is beneficial aboveground invertebrates). While belowground invertebrates were less responsive to altered precipitation, we observed a number of correlations between the abundances of above- and belowground invertebrate groups under ambient rainfall that dissipated under altered rainfall regimes. Mechanisms underpinning these associations, and reasons for them to become decoupled under altered precipitation regimes (we term this ‘climatic decoupling’), remain speculative, but they provide the basis for formulating hypotheses and future work. In conclusion, we predict that shifts in rainfall patterns, especially summer drought, will likely have large, but probably short-term, impacts on grassland invertebrate communities. In particular, sucking herbivores show sensitivity to precipitation changes, which have the potential to cascade through the food chain and affect higher trophic levels. Arthropods Climate Change soils aboveground-belowground interactions multi-trophic interactions Rainfall extremes Plant culture Marcel Torode verfasserin aut Kirk Lee Barnett verfasserin aut Sarah Louise Facey verfasserin aut Uffe Nielsen verfasserin aut Sally Power verfasserin aut Scott Nicholas Johnson verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Plant Science Frontiers Media S.A., 2011 7(2016) (DE-627)662359240 (DE-600)2613694-6 1664462X nnns volume:7 year:2016 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.01468 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/e90c5ba7ea0541cc8e9efe45e0e992e8 kostenfrei http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpls.2016.01468/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1664-462X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 7 2016
allfieldsGer	10.3389/fpls.2016.01468 doi (DE-627)DOAJ025539442 (DE-599)DOAJe90c5ba7ea0541cc8e9efe45e0e992e8 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng SB1-1110 Marcel Torode verfasserin aut Altered precipitation impacts on above- and belowground grassland invertebrates: summer drought leads to outbreaks in spring 2016 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Climate change is predicted to result in altered precipitation patterns, which may reshape many grassland ecosystems. Rainfall is expected to change in a number of different ways, ranging from periods of prolonged drought to extreme precipitation events, yet there are few community wide studies to accurately simulate future changes. We aimed to test how aboveground and belowground grassland invertebrate populations were affected by contrasting future rainfall scenarios. We subjected a grassland community to potential future rainfall scenarios including ambient, increased amount (+50% of ambient), reduced amount (-50% of ambient), reduced frequency (no water for 21 days, followed by the total ambient rainfall applied in a single application) and summer drought (no rainfall for 13 weeks during the growing season). During Austral spring (September 2015), we sampled aboveground invertebrates, belowground macro invertebrates and nematodes. Aboveground communities showed a significant response to altered rainfall regime with the greatest effects observed in summer drought plots. This was mostly due to a large increase in sucking herbivores (658% higher than ambient plots). Plots experiencing summer droughts also had higher populations of parasitoids, chewing herbivores and detritivores. These plots had 92% more plant biomass suggesting that primary productivity increased rapidly following the end of the summer drought five months earlier. We interpret these results as supporting the plant vigour hypothesis (i.e. that rapid plant growth is beneficial aboveground invertebrates). While belowground invertebrates were less responsive to altered precipitation, we observed a number of correlations between the abundances of above- and belowground invertebrate groups under ambient rainfall that dissipated under altered rainfall regimes. Mechanisms underpinning these associations, and reasons for them to become decoupled under altered precipitation regimes (we term this ‘climatic decoupling’), remain speculative, but they provide the basis for formulating hypotheses and future work. In conclusion, we predict that shifts in rainfall patterns, especially summer drought, will likely have large, but probably short-term, impacts on grassland invertebrate communities. In particular, sucking herbivores show sensitivity to precipitation changes, which have the potential to cascade through the food chain and affect higher trophic levels. Arthropods Climate Change soils aboveground-belowground interactions multi-trophic interactions Rainfall extremes Plant culture Marcel Torode verfasserin aut Kirk Lee Barnett verfasserin aut Sarah Louise Facey verfasserin aut Uffe Nielsen verfasserin aut Sally Power verfasserin aut Scott Nicholas Johnson verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Plant Science Frontiers Media S.A., 2011 7(2016) (DE-627)662359240 (DE-600)2613694-6 1664462X nnns volume:7 year:2016 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.01468 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/e90c5ba7ea0541cc8e9efe45e0e992e8 kostenfrei http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpls.2016.01468/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1664-462X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 7 2016
allfieldsSound	10.3389/fpls.2016.01468 doi (DE-627)DOAJ025539442 (DE-599)DOAJe90c5ba7ea0541cc8e9efe45e0e992e8 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng SB1-1110 Marcel Torode verfasserin aut Altered precipitation impacts on above- and belowground grassland invertebrates: summer drought leads to outbreaks in spring 2016 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Climate change is predicted to result in altered precipitation patterns, which may reshape many grassland ecosystems. Rainfall is expected to change in a number of different ways, ranging from periods of prolonged drought to extreme precipitation events, yet there are few community wide studies to accurately simulate future changes. We aimed to test how aboveground and belowground grassland invertebrate populations were affected by contrasting future rainfall scenarios. We subjected a grassland community to potential future rainfall scenarios including ambient, increased amount (+50% of ambient), reduced amount (-50% of ambient), reduced frequency (no water for 21 days, followed by the total ambient rainfall applied in a single application) and summer drought (no rainfall for 13 weeks during the growing season). During Austral spring (September 2015), we sampled aboveground invertebrates, belowground macro invertebrates and nematodes. Aboveground communities showed a significant response to altered rainfall regime with the greatest effects observed in summer drought plots. This was mostly due to a large increase in sucking herbivores (658% higher than ambient plots). Plots experiencing summer droughts also had higher populations of parasitoids, chewing herbivores and detritivores. These plots had 92% more plant biomass suggesting that primary productivity increased rapidly following the end of the summer drought five months earlier. We interpret these results as supporting the plant vigour hypothesis (i.e. that rapid plant growth is beneficial aboveground invertebrates). While belowground invertebrates were less responsive to altered precipitation, we observed a number of correlations between the abundances of above- and belowground invertebrate groups under ambient rainfall that dissipated under altered rainfall regimes. Mechanisms underpinning these associations, and reasons for them to become decoupled under altered precipitation regimes (we term this ‘climatic decoupling’), remain speculative, but they provide the basis for formulating hypotheses and future work. In conclusion, we predict that shifts in rainfall patterns, especially summer drought, will likely have large, but probably short-term, impacts on grassland invertebrate communities. In particular, sucking herbivores show sensitivity to precipitation changes, which have the potential to cascade through the food chain and affect higher trophic levels. Arthropods Climate Change soils aboveground-belowground interactions multi-trophic interactions Rainfall extremes Plant culture Marcel Torode verfasserin aut Kirk Lee Barnett verfasserin aut Sarah Louise Facey verfasserin aut Uffe Nielsen verfasserin aut Sally Power verfasserin aut Scott Nicholas Johnson verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Plant Science Frontiers Media S.A., 2011 7(2016) (DE-627)662359240 (DE-600)2613694-6 1664462X nnns volume:7 year:2016 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.01468 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/e90c5ba7ea0541cc8e9efe45e0e992e8 kostenfrei http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpls.2016.01468/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1664-462X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 7 2016
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title	Altered precipitation impacts on above- and belowground grassland invertebrates: summer drought leads to outbreaks in spring
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title_full	Altered precipitation impacts on above- and belowground grassland invertebrates: summer drought leads to outbreaks in spring
author_sort	Marcel Torode
journal	Frontiers in Plant Science
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author_browse	Marcel Torode Kirk Lee Barnett Sarah Louise Facey Uffe Nielsen Sally Power Scott Nicholas Johnson
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title_sort	altered precipitation impacts on above- and belowground grassland invertebrates: summer drought leads to outbreaks in spring
callnumber	SB1-1110
title_auth	Altered precipitation impacts on above- and belowground grassland invertebrates: summer drought leads to outbreaks in spring
abstract	Climate change is predicted to result in altered precipitation patterns, which may reshape many grassland ecosystems. Rainfall is expected to change in a number of different ways, ranging from periods of prolonged drought to extreme precipitation events, yet there are few community wide studies to accurately simulate future changes. We aimed to test how aboveground and belowground grassland invertebrate populations were affected by contrasting future rainfall scenarios. We subjected a grassland community to potential future rainfall scenarios including ambient, increased amount (+50% of ambient), reduced amount (-50% of ambient), reduced frequency (no water for 21 days, followed by the total ambient rainfall applied in a single application) and summer drought (no rainfall for 13 weeks during the growing season). During Austral spring (September 2015), we sampled aboveground invertebrates, belowground macro invertebrates and nematodes. Aboveground communities showed a significant response to altered rainfall regime with the greatest effects observed in summer drought plots. This was mostly due to a large increase in sucking herbivores (658% higher than ambient plots). Plots experiencing summer droughts also had higher populations of parasitoids, chewing herbivores and detritivores. These plots had 92% more plant biomass suggesting that primary productivity increased rapidly following the end of the summer drought five months earlier. We interpret these results as supporting the plant vigour hypothesis (i.e. that rapid plant growth is beneficial aboveground invertebrates). While belowground invertebrates were less responsive to altered precipitation, we observed a number of correlations between the abundances of above- and belowground invertebrate groups under ambient rainfall that dissipated under altered rainfall regimes. Mechanisms underpinning these associations, and reasons for them to become decoupled under altered precipitation regimes (we term this ‘climatic decoupling’), remain speculative, but they provide the basis for formulating hypotheses and future work. In conclusion, we predict that shifts in rainfall patterns, especially summer drought, will likely have large, but probably short-term, impacts on grassland invertebrate communities. In particular, sucking herbivores show sensitivity to precipitation changes, which have the potential to cascade through the food chain and affect higher trophic levels.
abstractGer	Climate change is predicted to result in altered precipitation patterns, which may reshape many grassland ecosystems. Rainfall is expected to change in a number of different ways, ranging from periods of prolonged drought to extreme precipitation events, yet there are few community wide studies to accurately simulate future changes. We aimed to test how aboveground and belowground grassland invertebrate populations were affected by contrasting future rainfall scenarios. We subjected a grassland community to potential future rainfall scenarios including ambient, increased amount (+50% of ambient), reduced amount (-50% of ambient), reduced frequency (no water for 21 days, followed by the total ambient rainfall applied in a single application) and summer drought (no rainfall for 13 weeks during the growing season). During Austral spring (September 2015), we sampled aboveground invertebrates, belowground macro invertebrates and nematodes. Aboveground communities showed a significant response to altered rainfall regime with the greatest effects observed in summer drought plots. This was mostly due to a large increase in sucking herbivores (658% higher than ambient plots). Plots experiencing summer droughts also had higher populations of parasitoids, chewing herbivores and detritivores. These plots had 92% more plant biomass suggesting that primary productivity increased rapidly following the end of the summer drought five months earlier. We interpret these results as supporting the plant vigour hypothesis (i.e. that rapid plant growth is beneficial aboveground invertebrates). While belowground invertebrates were less responsive to altered precipitation, we observed a number of correlations between the abundances of above- and belowground invertebrate groups under ambient rainfall that dissipated under altered rainfall regimes. Mechanisms underpinning these associations, and reasons for them to become decoupled under altered precipitation regimes (we term this ‘climatic decoupling’), remain speculative, but they provide the basis for formulating hypotheses and future work. In conclusion, we predict that shifts in rainfall patterns, especially summer drought, will likely have large, but probably short-term, impacts on grassland invertebrate communities. In particular, sucking herbivores show sensitivity to precipitation changes, which have the potential to cascade through the food chain and affect higher trophic levels.
abstract_unstemmed	Climate change is predicted to result in altered precipitation patterns, which may reshape many grassland ecosystems. Rainfall is expected to change in a number of different ways, ranging from periods of prolonged drought to extreme precipitation events, yet there are few community wide studies to accurately simulate future changes. We aimed to test how aboveground and belowground grassland invertebrate populations were affected by contrasting future rainfall scenarios. We subjected a grassland community to potential future rainfall scenarios including ambient, increased amount (+50% of ambient), reduced amount (-50% of ambient), reduced frequency (no water for 21 days, followed by the total ambient rainfall applied in a single application) and summer drought (no rainfall for 13 weeks during the growing season). During Austral spring (September 2015), we sampled aboveground invertebrates, belowground macro invertebrates and nematodes. Aboveground communities showed a significant response to altered rainfall regime with the greatest effects observed in summer drought plots. This was mostly due to a large increase in sucking herbivores (658% higher than ambient plots). Plots experiencing summer droughts also had higher populations of parasitoids, chewing herbivores and detritivores. These plots had 92% more plant biomass suggesting that primary productivity increased rapidly following the end of the summer drought five months earlier. We interpret these results as supporting the plant vigour hypothesis (i.e. that rapid plant growth is beneficial aboveground invertebrates). While belowground invertebrates were less responsive to altered precipitation, we observed a number of correlations between the abundances of above- and belowground invertebrate groups under ambient rainfall that dissipated under altered rainfall regimes. Mechanisms underpinning these associations, and reasons for them to become decoupled under altered precipitation regimes (we term this ‘climatic decoupling’), remain speculative, but they provide the basis for formulating hypotheses and future work. In conclusion, we predict that shifts in rainfall patterns, especially summer drought, will likely have large, but probably short-term, impacts on grassland invertebrate communities. In particular, sucking herbivores show sensitivity to precipitation changes, which have the potential to cascade through the food chain and affect higher trophic levels.
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title_short	Altered precipitation impacts on above- and belowground grassland invertebrates: summer drought leads to outbreaks in spring
url	https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.01468 https://doaj.org/article/e90c5ba7ea0541cc8e9efe45e0e992e8 http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpls.2016.01468/full https://doaj.org/toc/1664-462X
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author2	Marcel Torode Kirk Lee Barnett Sarah Louise Facey Uffe Nielsen Sally Power Scott Nicholas Johnson
author2Str	Marcel Torode Kirk Lee Barnett Sarah Louise Facey Uffe Nielsen Sally Power Scott Nicholas Johnson
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doi_str	10.3389/fpls.2016.01468
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up_date	2024-07-03T15:36:41.824Z
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