Anti-Thermal Shock Binding of Liquid-State Food Waste to Non-Wood Pellets

The development and implementation of strategies to assist safe and effective transport and storage of pellets in containers and indoor facilities without heating systems are challenging. This study primarily aimed to reshape the organic fraction of municipal solid waste into a liquid-state binder i...
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Autor*in:	Bruno Rafael de Almeida Moreira [verfasserIn] Ronaldo da Silva Viana [verfasserIn] Victor Hugo Cruz [verfasserIn] Paulo Renato Matos Lopes [verfasserIn] Celso Tadao Miasaki [verfasserIn] Anderson Chagas Magalhães [verfasserIn] Paulo Alexandre Monteiro de Figueiredo [verfasserIn] Lucas Aparecido Manzani Lisboa [verfasserIn] Sérgio Bispo Ramos [verfasserIn] André May [verfasserIn] José Claudio Caraschi [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2020

Schlagwörter:	agro-industrial residue defrosting durability fractal analysis fractures freezing

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Energies - MDPI AG, 2008, 13(2020), 12, p 3280
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:13 ; year:2020 ; number:12, p 3280

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/en13123280

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ025587862

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allfields	10.3390/en13123280 doi (DE-627)DOAJ025587862 (DE-599)DOAJa428ec11af324405bdf35da9a14a0b51 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Bruno Rafael de Almeida Moreira verfasserin aut Anti-Thermal Shock Binding of Liquid-State Food Waste to Non-Wood Pellets 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The development and implementation of strategies to assist safe and effective transport and storage of pellets in containers and indoor facilities without heating systems are challenging. This study primarily aimed to reshape the organic fraction of municipal solid waste into a liquid-state binder in order to develop freezing–defrosting-proof non-wood pellets. The introduction of the standard solution of food waste into the process of pelleting consisted of stirring it together with the residual biomass from distillation of cellulosic bioethanol or alternatively spraying very fine droplets on the layer of the starting material before it entered the pilot-scale automatic machine at 200 MPa and 125 °C. The addition by spraying of carbohydrate-rich supplement boiled for five minutes caused the pellets to show increases in apparent density (1250.8500 kg·m<sup<−3</sup<), durability (99.7665%), and hydrophobicity (93.9785%), and consistently prevented them from suffering severe mechanical fracture by thermal shock. The fractal dimension of breakpoints, cracks, and delamination on the finished surface for these products was the smallest at 1.7500–1.7505. Sprayed pellets would fall into the strictest grid of products for residential heat-and-power units, even after freezing and defrosting. The conclusion is therefore that spraying can spectacularly ensure the reliability of liquid-state food waste as an anti-thermal shock binder for non-wood pellets. agro-industrial residue defrosting durability fractal analysis fractures freezing Technology T Ronaldo da Silva Viana verfasserin aut Victor Hugo Cruz verfasserin aut Paulo Renato Matos Lopes verfasserin aut Celso Tadao Miasaki verfasserin aut Anderson Chagas Magalhães verfasserin aut Paulo Alexandre Monteiro de Figueiredo verfasserin aut Lucas Aparecido Manzani Lisboa verfasserin aut Sérgio Bispo Ramos verfasserin aut André May verfasserin aut José Claudio Caraschi verfasserin aut In Energies MDPI AG, 2008 13(2020), 12, p 3280 (DE-627)572083742 (DE-600)2437446-5 19961073 nnns volume:13 year:2020 number:12, p 3280 https://doi.org/10.3390/en13123280 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/a428ec11af324405bdf35da9a14a0b51 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/12/3280 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1073 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 13 2020 12, p 3280
spelling	10.3390/en13123280 doi (DE-627)DOAJ025587862 (DE-599)DOAJa428ec11af324405bdf35da9a14a0b51 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Bruno Rafael de Almeida Moreira verfasserin aut Anti-Thermal Shock Binding of Liquid-State Food Waste to Non-Wood Pellets 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The development and implementation of strategies to assist safe and effective transport and storage of pellets in containers and indoor facilities without heating systems are challenging. This study primarily aimed to reshape the organic fraction of municipal solid waste into a liquid-state binder in order to develop freezing–defrosting-proof non-wood pellets. The introduction of the standard solution of food waste into the process of pelleting consisted of stirring it together with the residual biomass from distillation of cellulosic bioethanol or alternatively spraying very fine droplets on the layer of the starting material before it entered the pilot-scale automatic machine at 200 MPa and 125 °C. The addition by spraying of carbohydrate-rich supplement boiled for five minutes caused the pellets to show increases in apparent density (1250.8500 kg·m<sup<−3</sup<), durability (99.7665%), and hydrophobicity (93.9785%), and consistently prevented them from suffering severe mechanical fracture by thermal shock. The fractal dimension of breakpoints, cracks, and delamination on the finished surface for these products was the smallest at 1.7500–1.7505. Sprayed pellets would fall into the strictest grid of products for residential heat-and-power units, even after freezing and defrosting. The conclusion is therefore that spraying can spectacularly ensure the reliability of liquid-state food waste as an anti-thermal shock binder for non-wood pellets. agro-industrial residue defrosting durability fractal analysis fractures freezing Technology T Ronaldo da Silva Viana verfasserin aut Victor Hugo Cruz verfasserin aut Paulo Renato Matos Lopes verfasserin aut Celso Tadao Miasaki verfasserin aut Anderson Chagas Magalhães verfasserin aut Paulo Alexandre Monteiro de Figueiredo verfasserin aut Lucas Aparecido Manzani Lisboa verfasserin aut Sérgio Bispo Ramos verfasserin aut André May verfasserin aut José Claudio Caraschi verfasserin aut In Energies MDPI AG, 2008 13(2020), 12, p 3280 (DE-627)572083742 (DE-600)2437446-5 19961073 nnns volume:13 year:2020 number:12, p 3280 https://doi.org/10.3390/en13123280 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/a428ec11af324405bdf35da9a14a0b51 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/12/3280 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1073 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 13 2020 12, p 3280
allfields_unstemmed	10.3390/en13123280 doi (DE-627)DOAJ025587862 (DE-599)DOAJa428ec11af324405bdf35da9a14a0b51 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Bruno Rafael de Almeida Moreira verfasserin aut Anti-Thermal Shock Binding of Liquid-State Food Waste to Non-Wood Pellets 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The development and implementation of strategies to assist safe and effective transport and storage of pellets in containers and indoor facilities without heating systems are challenging. This study primarily aimed to reshape the organic fraction of municipal solid waste into a liquid-state binder in order to develop freezing–defrosting-proof non-wood pellets. The introduction of the standard solution of food waste into the process of pelleting consisted of stirring it together with the residual biomass from distillation of cellulosic bioethanol or alternatively spraying very fine droplets on the layer of the starting material before it entered the pilot-scale automatic machine at 200 MPa and 125 °C. The addition by spraying of carbohydrate-rich supplement boiled for five minutes caused the pellets to show increases in apparent density (1250.8500 kg·m<sup<−3</sup<), durability (99.7665%), and hydrophobicity (93.9785%), and consistently prevented them from suffering severe mechanical fracture by thermal shock. The fractal dimension of breakpoints, cracks, and delamination on the finished surface for these products was the smallest at 1.7500–1.7505. Sprayed pellets would fall into the strictest grid of products for residential heat-and-power units, even after freezing and defrosting. The conclusion is therefore that spraying can spectacularly ensure the reliability of liquid-state food waste as an anti-thermal shock binder for non-wood pellets. agro-industrial residue defrosting durability fractal analysis fractures freezing Technology T Ronaldo da Silva Viana verfasserin aut Victor Hugo Cruz verfasserin aut Paulo Renato Matos Lopes verfasserin aut Celso Tadao Miasaki verfasserin aut Anderson Chagas Magalhães verfasserin aut Paulo Alexandre Monteiro de Figueiredo verfasserin aut Lucas Aparecido Manzani Lisboa verfasserin aut Sérgio Bispo Ramos verfasserin aut André May verfasserin aut José Claudio Caraschi verfasserin aut In Energies MDPI AG, 2008 13(2020), 12, p 3280 (DE-627)572083742 (DE-600)2437446-5 19961073 nnns volume:13 year:2020 number:12, p 3280 https://doi.org/10.3390/en13123280 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/a428ec11af324405bdf35da9a14a0b51 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/12/3280 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1073 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 13 2020 12, p 3280
allfieldsGer	10.3390/en13123280 doi (DE-627)DOAJ025587862 (DE-599)DOAJa428ec11af324405bdf35da9a14a0b51 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Bruno Rafael de Almeida Moreira verfasserin aut Anti-Thermal Shock Binding of Liquid-State Food Waste to Non-Wood Pellets 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The development and implementation of strategies to assist safe and effective transport and storage of pellets in containers and indoor facilities without heating systems are challenging. This study primarily aimed to reshape the organic fraction of municipal solid waste into a liquid-state binder in order to develop freezing–defrosting-proof non-wood pellets. The introduction of the standard solution of food waste into the process of pelleting consisted of stirring it together with the residual biomass from distillation of cellulosic bioethanol or alternatively spraying very fine droplets on the layer of the starting material before it entered the pilot-scale automatic machine at 200 MPa and 125 °C. The addition by spraying of carbohydrate-rich supplement boiled for five minutes caused the pellets to show increases in apparent density (1250.8500 kg·m<sup<−3</sup<), durability (99.7665%), and hydrophobicity (93.9785%), and consistently prevented them from suffering severe mechanical fracture by thermal shock. The fractal dimension of breakpoints, cracks, and delamination on the finished surface for these products was the smallest at 1.7500–1.7505. Sprayed pellets would fall into the strictest grid of products for residential heat-and-power units, even after freezing and defrosting. The conclusion is therefore that spraying can spectacularly ensure the reliability of liquid-state food waste as an anti-thermal shock binder for non-wood pellets. agro-industrial residue defrosting durability fractal analysis fractures freezing Technology T Ronaldo da Silva Viana verfasserin aut Victor Hugo Cruz verfasserin aut Paulo Renato Matos Lopes verfasserin aut Celso Tadao Miasaki verfasserin aut Anderson Chagas Magalhães verfasserin aut Paulo Alexandre Monteiro de Figueiredo verfasserin aut Lucas Aparecido Manzani Lisboa verfasserin aut Sérgio Bispo Ramos verfasserin aut André May verfasserin aut José Claudio Caraschi verfasserin aut In Energies MDPI AG, 2008 13(2020), 12, p 3280 (DE-627)572083742 (DE-600)2437446-5 19961073 nnns volume:13 year:2020 number:12, p 3280 https://doi.org/10.3390/en13123280 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/a428ec11af324405bdf35da9a14a0b51 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/12/3280 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1073 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 13 2020 12, p 3280
allfieldsSound	10.3390/en13123280 doi (DE-627)DOAJ025587862 (DE-599)DOAJa428ec11af324405bdf35da9a14a0b51 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Bruno Rafael de Almeida Moreira verfasserin aut Anti-Thermal Shock Binding of Liquid-State Food Waste to Non-Wood Pellets 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The development and implementation of strategies to assist safe and effective transport and storage of pellets in containers and indoor facilities without heating systems are challenging. This study primarily aimed to reshape the organic fraction of municipal solid waste into a liquid-state binder in order to develop freezing–defrosting-proof non-wood pellets. The introduction of the standard solution of food waste into the process of pelleting consisted of stirring it together with the residual biomass from distillation of cellulosic bioethanol or alternatively spraying very fine droplets on the layer of the starting material before it entered the pilot-scale automatic machine at 200 MPa and 125 °C. The addition by spraying of carbohydrate-rich supplement boiled for five minutes caused the pellets to show increases in apparent density (1250.8500 kg·m<sup<−3</sup<), durability (99.7665%), and hydrophobicity (93.9785%), and consistently prevented them from suffering severe mechanical fracture by thermal shock. The fractal dimension of breakpoints, cracks, and delamination on the finished surface for these products was the smallest at 1.7500–1.7505. Sprayed pellets would fall into the strictest grid of products for residential heat-and-power units, even after freezing and defrosting. The conclusion is therefore that spraying can spectacularly ensure the reliability of liquid-state food waste as an anti-thermal shock binder for non-wood pellets. agro-industrial residue defrosting durability fractal analysis fractures freezing Technology T Ronaldo da Silva Viana verfasserin aut Victor Hugo Cruz verfasserin aut Paulo Renato Matos Lopes verfasserin aut Celso Tadao Miasaki verfasserin aut Anderson Chagas Magalhães verfasserin aut Paulo Alexandre Monteiro de Figueiredo verfasserin aut Lucas Aparecido Manzani Lisboa verfasserin aut Sérgio Bispo Ramos verfasserin aut André May verfasserin aut José Claudio Caraschi verfasserin aut In Energies MDPI AG, 2008 13(2020), 12, p 3280 (DE-627)572083742 (DE-600)2437446-5 19961073 nnns volume:13 year:2020 number:12, p 3280 https://doi.org/10.3390/en13123280 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/a428ec11af324405bdf35da9a14a0b51 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/12/3280 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1073 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 13 2020 12, p 3280
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author	Bruno Rafael de Almeida Moreira
spellingShingle	Bruno Rafael de Almeida Moreira misc agro-industrial residue misc defrosting misc durability misc fractal analysis misc fractures misc freezing misc Technology misc T Anti-Thermal Shock Binding of Liquid-State Food Waste to Non-Wood Pellets
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topic_title	Anti-Thermal Shock Binding of Liquid-State Food Waste to Non-Wood Pellets agro-industrial residue defrosting durability fractal analysis fractures freezing
topic	misc agro-industrial residue misc defrosting misc durability misc fractal analysis misc fractures misc freezing misc Technology misc T
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title	Anti-Thermal Shock Binding of Liquid-State Food Waste to Non-Wood Pellets
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title_sort	anti-thermal shock binding of liquid-state food waste to non-wood pellets
title_auth	Anti-Thermal Shock Binding of Liquid-State Food Waste to Non-Wood Pellets
abstract	The development and implementation of strategies to assist safe and effective transport and storage of pellets in containers and indoor facilities without heating systems are challenging. This study primarily aimed to reshape the organic fraction of municipal solid waste into a liquid-state binder in order to develop freezing–defrosting-proof non-wood pellets. The introduction of the standard solution of food waste into the process of pelleting consisted of stirring it together with the residual biomass from distillation of cellulosic bioethanol or alternatively spraying very fine droplets on the layer of the starting material before it entered the pilot-scale automatic machine at 200 MPa and 125 °C. The addition by spraying of carbohydrate-rich supplement boiled for five minutes caused the pellets to show increases in apparent density (1250.8500 kg·m<sup<−3</sup<), durability (99.7665%), and hydrophobicity (93.9785%), and consistently prevented them from suffering severe mechanical fracture by thermal shock. The fractal dimension of breakpoints, cracks, and delamination on the finished surface for these products was the smallest at 1.7500–1.7505. Sprayed pellets would fall into the strictest grid of products for residential heat-and-power units, even after freezing and defrosting. The conclusion is therefore that spraying can spectacularly ensure the reliability of liquid-state food waste as an anti-thermal shock binder for non-wood pellets.
abstractGer	The development and implementation of strategies to assist safe and effective transport and storage of pellets in containers and indoor facilities without heating systems are challenging. This study primarily aimed to reshape the organic fraction of municipal solid waste into a liquid-state binder in order to develop freezing–defrosting-proof non-wood pellets. The introduction of the standard solution of food waste into the process of pelleting consisted of stirring it together with the residual biomass from distillation of cellulosic bioethanol or alternatively spraying very fine droplets on the layer of the starting material before it entered the pilot-scale automatic machine at 200 MPa and 125 °C. The addition by spraying of carbohydrate-rich supplement boiled for five minutes caused the pellets to show increases in apparent density (1250.8500 kg·m<sup<−3</sup<), durability (99.7665%), and hydrophobicity (93.9785%), and consistently prevented them from suffering severe mechanical fracture by thermal shock. The fractal dimension of breakpoints, cracks, and delamination on the finished surface for these products was the smallest at 1.7500–1.7505. Sprayed pellets would fall into the strictest grid of products for residential heat-and-power units, even after freezing and defrosting. The conclusion is therefore that spraying can spectacularly ensure the reliability of liquid-state food waste as an anti-thermal shock binder for non-wood pellets.
abstract_unstemmed	The development and implementation of strategies to assist safe and effective transport and storage of pellets in containers and indoor facilities without heating systems are challenging. This study primarily aimed to reshape the organic fraction of municipal solid waste into a liquid-state binder in order to develop freezing–defrosting-proof non-wood pellets. The introduction of the standard solution of food waste into the process of pelleting consisted of stirring it together with the residual biomass from distillation of cellulosic bioethanol or alternatively spraying very fine droplets on the layer of the starting material before it entered the pilot-scale automatic machine at 200 MPa and 125 °C. The addition by spraying of carbohydrate-rich supplement boiled for five minutes caused the pellets to show increases in apparent density (1250.8500 kg·m<sup<−3</sup<), durability (99.7665%), and hydrophobicity (93.9785%), and consistently prevented them from suffering severe mechanical fracture by thermal shock. The fractal dimension of breakpoints, cracks, and delamination on the finished surface for these products was the smallest at 1.7500–1.7505. Sprayed pellets would fall into the strictest grid of products for residential heat-and-power units, even after freezing and defrosting. The conclusion is therefore that spraying can spectacularly ensure the reliability of liquid-state food waste as an anti-thermal shock binder for non-wood pellets.
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This study primarily aimed to reshape the organic fraction of municipal solid waste into a liquid-state binder in order to develop freezing–defrosting-proof non-wood pellets. The introduction of the standard solution of food waste into the process of pelleting consisted of stirring it together with the residual biomass from distillation of cellulosic bioethanol or alternatively spraying very fine droplets on the layer of the starting material before it entered the pilot-scale automatic machine at 200 MPa and 125 °C. The addition by spraying of carbohydrate-rich supplement boiled for five minutes caused the pellets to show increases in apparent density (1250.8500 kg·m<sup<−3</sup<), durability (99.7665%), and hydrophobicity (93.9785%), and consistently prevented them from suffering severe mechanical fracture by thermal shock. The fractal dimension of breakpoints, cracks, and delamination on the finished surface for these products was the smallest at 1.7500–1.7505. Sprayed pellets would fall into the strictest grid of products for residential heat-and-power units, even after freezing and defrosting. 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Anti-Thermal Shock Binding of Liquid-State Food Waste to Non-Wood Pellets

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