Imaging, Tracking and Computational Analyses of Virus Entry and Egress with the Cytoskeleton
Viruses have a dual nature: particles are “passive substances” lacking chemical energy transformation, whereas infected cells are “active substances” turning-over energy. How passive viral substances convert to active substances, comprising viral replication a...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
I-Hsuan Wang [verfasserIn] Christoph J. Burckhardt [verfasserIn] Artur Yakimovich [verfasserIn] Urs F. Greber [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2018 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
In: Viruses - MDPI AG, 2009, 10(2018), 4, p 166 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:10 ; year:2018 ; number:4, p 166 |
| Links: |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.3390/v10040166 |
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| Katalog-ID: |
DOAJ025687174 |
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| 520 | |a Viruses have a dual nature: particles are “passive substances” lacking chemical energy transformation, whereas infected cells are “active substances” turning-over energy. How passive viral substances convert to active substances, comprising viral replication and assembly compartments has been of intense interest to virologists, cell and molecular biologists and immunologists. Infection starts with virus entry into a susceptible cell and delivers the viral genome to the replication site. This is a multi-step process, and involves the cytoskeleton and associated motor proteins. Likewise, the egress of progeny virus particles from the replication site to the extracellular space is enhanced by the cytoskeleton and associated motor proteins. This overcomes the limitation of thermal diffusion, and transports virions and virion components, often in association with cellular organelles. This review explores how the analysis of viral trajectories informs about mechanisms of infection. We discuss the methodology enabling researchers to visualize single virions in cells by fluorescence imaging and tracking. Virus visualization and tracking are increasingly enhanced by computational analyses of virus trajectories as well as in silico modeling. Combined approaches reveal previously unrecognized features of virus-infected cells. Using select examples of complementary methodology, we highlight the role of actin filaments and microtubules, and their associated motors in virus infections. In-depth studies of single virion dynamics at high temporal and spatial resolutions thereby provide deep insight into virus infection processes, and are a basis for uncovering underlying mechanisms of how cells function. | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Modeling | |
| 650 | 4 | |a simulation | |
| 650 | 4 | |a computing | |
| 650 | 4 | |a quantitative microscopy | |
| 650 | 4 | |a fluorescent virions | |
| 650 | 4 | |a microscopy | |
| 650 | 4 | |a single particle tracking | |
| 650 | 4 | |a trajectory segmentation | |
| 650 | 4 | |a click chemistry | |
| 650 | 4 | |a tracking | |
| 650 | 4 | |a trafficking | |
| 650 | 4 | |a membrane traffic | |
| 650 | 4 | |a fluorescence microscopy | |
| 650 | 4 | |a immunofluorescence microscopy | |
| 650 | 4 | |a electron microscopy | |
| 650 | 4 | |a microtubule | |
| 650 | 4 | |a intracellular transport | |
| 650 | 4 | |a machine learning | |
| 650 | 4 | |a virus infection mechanisms | |
| 650 | 4 | |a DNA virus | |
| 650 | 4 | |a RNA virus | |
| 650 | 4 | |a enveloped virus | |
| 650 | 4 | |a nonenveloped virus | |
| 650 | 4 | |a cell biology | |
| 650 | 4 | |a virus entry | |
| 650 | 4 | |a cytoskeleton | |
| 650 | 4 | |a infection | |
| 650 | 4 | |a receptor | |
| 650 | 4 | |a internalization | |
| 650 | 4 | |a innate immunity | |
| 650 | 4 | |a virion uncoating | |
| 650 | 4 | |a endocytosis | |
| 650 | 4 | |a gene expression | |
| 650 | 4 | |a gene therapy | |
| 650 | 4 | |a actin | |
| 650 | 4 | |a kinesin | |
| 650 | 4 | |a dynein | |
| 650 | 4 | |a myosin | |
| 650 | 4 | |a nuclear pore complex | |
| 650 | 4 | |a adenovirus | |
| 650 | 4 | |a herpesvirus | |
| 650 | 4 | |a herpes simplex virus | |
| 650 | 4 | |a influenza virus | |
| 650 | 4 | |a hepatitis B virus | |
| 650 | 4 | |a baculovirus | |
| 650 | 4 | |a human immunodeficiency virus HIV | |
| 650 | 4 | |a parvovirus | |
| 650 | 4 | |a adeno-associated virus AAV | |
| 650 | 4 | |a simian virus 40 | |
| 653 | 0 | |a Microbiology | |
| 700 | 0 | |a Christoph J. Burckhardt |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 0 | |a Artur Yakimovich |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 0 | |a Urs F. Greber |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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10.3390/v10040166 doi (DE-627)DOAJ025687174 (DE-599)DOAJea2ed80be59b42d4bdb09e59ca5e14de DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QR1-502 I-Hsuan Wang verfasserin aut Imaging, Tracking and Computational Analyses of Virus Entry and Egress with the Cytoskeleton 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Viruses have a dual nature: particles are “passive substances” lacking chemical energy transformation, whereas infected cells are “active substances” turning-over energy. How passive viral substances convert to active substances, comprising viral replication and assembly compartments has been of intense interest to virologists, cell and molecular biologists and immunologists. Infection starts with virus entry into a susceptible cell and delivers the viral genome to the replication site. This is a multi-step process, and involves the cytoskeleton and associated motor proteins. Likewise, the egress of progeny virus particles from the replication site to the extracellular space is enhanced by the cytoskeleton and associated motor proteins. This overcomes the limitation of thermal diffusion, and transports virions and virion components, often in association with cellular organelles. This review explores how the analysis of viral trajectories informs about mechanisms of infection. We discuss the methodology enabling researchers to visualize single virions in cells by fluorescence imaging and tracking. Virus visualization and tracking are increasingly enhanced by computational analyses of virus trajectories as well as in silico modeling. Combined approaches reveal previously unrecognized features of virus-infected cells. Using select examples of complementary methodology, we highlight the role of actin filaments and microtubules, and their associated motors in virus infections. In-depth studies of single virion dynamics at high temporal and spatial resolutions thereby provide deep insight into virus infection processes, and are a basis for uncovering underlying mechanisms of how cells function. Modeling simulation computing quantitative microscopy fluorescent virions microscopy single particle tracking trajectory segmentation click chemistry tracking trafficking membrane traffic fluorescence microscopy immunofluorescence microscopy electron microscopy microtubule intracellular transport machine learning virus infection mechanisms DNA virus RNA virus enveloped virus nonenveloped virus cell biology virus entry cytoskeleton infection receptor internalization innate immunity virion uncoating endocytosis gene expression gene therapy actin kinesin dynein myosin nuclear pore complex adenovirus herpesvirus herpes simplex virus influenza virus hepatitis B virus baculovirus human immunodeficiency virus HIV parvovirus adeno-associated virus AAV simian virus 40 Microbiology Christoph J. Burckhardt verfasserin aut Artur Yakimovich verfasserin aut Urs F. Greber verfasserin aut In Viruses MDPI AG, 2009 10(2018), 4, p 166 (DE-627)609775871 (DE-600)2516098-9 19994915 nnns volume:10 year:2018 number:4, p 166 https://doi.org/10.3390/v10040166 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/ea2ed80be59b42d4bdb09e59ca5e14de kostenfrei http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/10/4/166 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 10 2018 4, p 166 |
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10.3390/v10040166 doi (DE-627)DOAJ025687174 (DE-599)DOAJea2ed80be59b42d4bdb09e59ca5e14de DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QR1-502 I-Hsuan Wang verfasserin aut Imaging, Tracking and Computational Analyses of Virus Entry and Egress with the Cytoskeleton 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Viruses have a dual nature: particles are “passive substances” lacking chemical energy transformation, whereas infected cells are “active substances” turning-over energy. How passive viral substances convert to active substances, comprising viral replication and assembly compartments has been of intense interest to virologists, cell and molecular biologists and immunologists. Infection starts with virus entry into a susceptible cell and delivers the viral genome to the replication site. This is a multi-step process, and involves the cytoskeleton and associated motor proteins. Likewise, the egress of progeny virus particles from the replication site to the extracellular space is enhanced by the cytoskeleton and associated motor proteins. This overcomes the limitation of thermal diffusion, and transports virions and virion components, often in association with cellular organelles. This review explores how the analysis of viral trajectories informs about mechanisms of infection. We discuss the methodology enabling researchers to visualize single virions in cells by fluorescence imaging and tracking. Virus visualization and tracking are increasingly enhanced by computational analyses of virus trajectories as well as in silico modeling. Combined approaches reveal previously unrecognized features of virus-infected cells. Using select examples of complementary methodology, we highlight the role of actin filaments and microtubules, and their associated motors in virus infections. In-depth studies of single virion dynamics at high temporal and spatial resolutions thereby provide deep insight into virus infection processes, and are a basis for uncovering underlying mechanisms of how cells function. Modeling simulation computing quantitative microscopy fluorescent virions microscopy single particle tracking trajectory segmentation click chemistry tracking trafficking membrane traffic fluorescence microscopy immunofluorescence microscopy electron microscopy microtubule intracellular transport machine learning virus infection mechanisms DNA virus RNA virus enveloped virus nonenveloped virus cell biology virus entry cytoskeleton infection receptor internalization innate immunity virion uncoating endocytosis gene expression gene therapy actin kinesin dynein myosin nuclear pore complex adenovirus herpesvirus herpes simplex virus influenza virus hepatitis B virus baculovirus human immunodeficiency virus HIV parvovirus adeno-associated virus AAV simian virus 40 Microbiology Christoph J. Burckhardt verfasserin aut Artur Yakimovich verfasserin aut Urs F. Greber verfasserin aut In Viruses MDPI AG, 2009 10(2018), 4, p 166 (DE-627)609775871 (DE-600)2516098-9 19994915 nnns volume:10 year:2018 number:4, p 166 https://doi.org/10.3390/v10040166 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/ea2ed80be59b42d4bdb09e59ca5e14de kostenfrei http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/10/4/166 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 10 2018 4, p 166 |
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10.3390/v10040166 doi (DE-627)DOAJ025687174 (DE-599)DOAJea2ed80be59b42d4bdb09e59ca5e14de DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QR1-502 I-Hsuan Wang verfasserin aut Imaging, Tracking and Computational Analyses of Virus Entry and Egress with the Cytoskeleton 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Viruses have a dual nature: particles are “passive substances” lacking chemical energy transformation, whereas infected cells are “active substances” turning-over energy. How passive viral substances convert to active substances, comprising viral replication and assembly compartments has been of intense interest to virologists, cell and molecular biologists and immunologists. Infection starts with virus entry into a susceptible cell and delivers the viral genome to the replication site. This is a multi-step process, and involves the cytoskeleton and associated motor proteins. Likewise, the egress of progeny virus particles from the replication site to the extracellular space is enhanced by the cytoskeleton and associated motor proteins. This overcomes the limitation of thermal diffusion, and transports virions and virion components, often in association with cellular organelles. This review explores how the analysis of viral trajectories informs about mechanisms of infection. We discuss the methodology enabling researchers to visualize single virions in cells by fluorescence imaging and tracking. Virus visualization and tracking are increasingly enhanced by computational analyses of virus trajectories as well as in silico modeling. Combined approaches reveal previously unrecognized features of virus-infected cells. Using select examples of complementary methodology, we highlight the role of actin filaments and microtubules, and their associated motors in virus infections. In-depth studies of single virion dynamics at high temporal and spatial resolutions thereby provide deep insight into virus infection processes, and are a basis for uncovering underlying mechanisms of how cells function. Modeling simulation computing quantitative microscopy fluorescent virions microscopy single particle tracking trajectory segmentation click chemistry tracking trafficking membrane traffic fluorescence microscopy immunofluorescence microscopy electron microscopy microtubule intracellular transport machine learning virus infection mechanisms DNA virus RNA virus enveloped virus nonenveloped virus cell biology virus entry cytoskeleton infection receptor internalization innate immunity virion uncoating endocytosis gene expression gene therapy actin kinesin dynein myosin nuclear pore complex adenovirus herpesvirus herpes simplex virus influenza virus hepatitis B virus baculovirus human immunodeficiency virus HIV parvovirus adeno-associated virus AAV simian virus 40 Microbiology Christoph J. Burckhardt verfasserin aut Artur Yakimovich verfasserin aut Urs F. Greber verfasserin aut In Viruses MDPI AG, 2009 10(2018), 4, p 166 (DE-627)609775871 (DE-600)2516098-9 19994915 nnns volume:10 year:2018 number:4, p 166 https://doi.org/10.3390/v10040166 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/ea2ed80be59b42d4bdb09e59ca5e14de kostenfrei http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/10/4/166 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 10 2018 4, p 166 |
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10.3390/v10040166 doi (DE-627)DOAJ025687174 (DE-599)DOAJea2ed80be59b42d4bdb09e59ca5e14de DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QR1-502 I-Hsuan Wang verfasserin aut Imaging, Tracking and Computational Analyses of Virus Entry and Egress with the Cytoskeleton 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Viruses have a dual nature: particles are “passive substances” lacking chemical energy transformation, whereas infected cells are “active substances” turning-over energy. How passive viral substances convert to active substances, comprising viral replication and assembly compartments has been of intense interest to virologists, cell and molecular biologists and immunologists. Infection starts with virus entry into a susceptible cell and delivers the viral genome to the replication site. This is a multi-step process, and involves the cytoskeleton and associated motor proteins. Likewise, the egress of progeny virus particles from the replication site to the extracellular space is enhanced by the cytoskeleton and associated motor proteins. This overcomes the limitation of thermal diffusion, and transports virions and virion components, often in association with cellular organelles. This review explores how the analysis of viral trajectories informs about mechanisms of infection. We discuss the methodology enabling researchers to visualize single virions in cells by fluorescence imaging and tracking. Virus visualization and tracking are increasingly enhanced by computational analyses of virus trajectories as well as in silico modeling. Combined approaches reveal previously unrecognized features of virus-infected cells. Using select examples of complementary methodology, we highlight the role of actin filaments and microtubules, and their associated motors in virus infections. In-depth studies of single virion dynamics at high temporal and spatial resolutions thereby provide deep insight into virus infection processes, and are a basis for uncovering underlying mechanisms of how cells function. Modeling simulation computing quantitative microscopy fluorescent virions microscopy single particle tracking trajectory segmentation click chemistry tracking trafficking membrane traffic fluorescence microscopy immunofluorescence microscopy electron microscopy microtubule intracellular transport machine learning virus infection mechanisms DNA virus RNA virus enveloped virus nonenveloped virus cell biology virus entry cytoskeleton infection receptor internalization innate immunity virion uncoating endocytosis gene expression gene therapy actin kinesin dynein myosin nuclear pore complex adenovirus herpesvirus herpes simplex virus influenza virus hepatitis B virus baculovirus human immunodeficiency virus HIV parvovirus adeno-associated virus AAV simian virus 40 Microbiology Christoph J. Burckhardt verfasserin aut Artur Yakimovich verfasserin aut Urs F. Greber verfasserin aut In Viruses MDPI AG, 2009 10(2018), 4, p 166 (DE-627)609775871 (DE-600)2516098-9 19994915 nnns volume:10 year:2018 number:4, p 166 https://doi.org/10.3390/v10040166 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/ea2ed80be59b42d4bdb09e59ca5e14de kostenfrei http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/10/4/166 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 10 2018 4, p 166 |
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QR1-502 Imaging, Tracking and Computational Analyses of Virus Entry and Egress with the Cytoskeleton Modeling simulation computing quantitative microscopy fluorescent virions microscopy single particle tracking trajectory segmentation click chemistry tracking trafficking membrane traffic fluorescence microscopy immunofluorescence microscopy electron microscopy microtubule intracellular transport machine learning virus infection mechanisms DNA virus RNA virus enveloped virus nonenveloped virus cell biology virus entry cytoskeleton infection receptor internalization innate immunity virion uncoating endocytosis gene expression gene therapy actin kinesin dynein myosin nuclear pore complex adenovirus herpesvirus herpes simplex virus influenza virus hepatitis B virus baculovirus human immunodeficiency virus HIV parvovirus adeno-associated virus AAV simian virus 40 |
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Imaging, Tracking and Computational Analyses of Virus Entry and Egress with the Cytoskeleton |
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Imaging, Tracking and Computational Analyses of Virus Entry and Egress with the Cytoskeleton |
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imaging, tracking and computational analyses of virus entry and egress with the cytoskeleton |
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Imaging, Tracking and Computational Analyses of Virus Entry and Egress with the Cytoskeleton |
| abstract |
Viruses have a dual nature: particles are “passive substances” lacking chemical energy transformation, whereas infected cells are “active substances” turning-over energy. How passive viral substances convert to active substances, comprising viral replication and assembly compartments has been of intense interest to virologists, cell and molecular biologists and immunologists. Infection starts with virus entry into a susceptible cell and delivers the viral genome to the replication site. This is a multi-step process, and involves the cytoskeleton and associated motor proteins. Likewise, the egress of progeny virus particles from the replication site to the extracellular space is enhanced by the cytoskeleton and associated motor proteins. This overcomes the limitation of thermal diffusion, and transports virions and virion components, often in association with cellular organelles. This review explores how the analysis of viral trajectories informs about mechanisms of infection. We discuss the methodology enabling researchers to visualize single virions in cells by fluorescence imaging and tracking. Virus visualization and tracking are increasingly enhanced by computational analyses of virus trajectories as well as in silico modeling. Combined approaches reveal previously unrecognized features of virus-infected cells. Using select examples of complementary methodology, we highlight the role of actin filaments and microtubules, and their associated motors in virus infections. In-depth studies of single virion dynamics at high temporal and spatial resolutions thereby provide deep insight into virus infection processes, and are a basis for uncovering underlying mechanisms of how cells function. |
| abstractGer |
Viruses have a dual nature: particles are “passive substances” lacking chemical energy transformation, whereas infected cells are “active substances” turning-over energy. How passive viral substances convert to active substances, comprising viral replication and assembly compartments has been of intense interest to virologists, cell and molecular biologists and immunologists. Infection starts with virus entry into a susceptible cell and delivers the viral genome to the replication site. This is a multi-step process, and involves the cytoskeleton and associated motor proteins. Likewise, the egress of progeny virus particles from the replication site to the extracellular space is enhanced by the cytoskeleton and associated motor proteins. This overcomes the limitation of thermal diffusion, and transports virions and virion components, often in association with cellular organelles. This review explores how the analysis of viral trajectories informs about mechanisms of infection. We discuss the methodology enabling researchers to visualize single virions in cells by fluorescence imaging and tracking. Virus visualization and tracking are increasingly enhanced by computational analyses of virus trajectories as well as in silico modeling. Combined approaches reveal previously unrecognized features of virus-infected cells. Using select examples of complementary methodology, we highlight the role of actin filaments and microtubules, and their associated motors in virus infections. In-depth studies of single virion dynamics at high temporal and spatial resolutions thereby provide deep insight into virus infection processes, and are a basis for uncovering underlying mechanisms of how cells function. |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Viruses have a dual nature: particles are “passive substances” lacking chemical energy transformation, whereas infected cells are “active substances” turning-over energy. How passive viral substances convert to active substances, comprising viral replication and assembly compartments has been of intense interest to virologists, cell and molecular biologists and immunologists. Infection starts with virus entry into a susceptible cell and delivers the viral genome to the replication site. This is a multi-step process, and involves the cytoskeleton and associated motor proteins. Likewise, the egress of progeny virus particles from the replication site to the extracellular space is enhanced by the cytoskeleton and associated motor proteins. This overcomes the limitation of thermal diffusion, and transports virions and virion components, often in association with cellular organelles. This review explores how the analysis of viral trajectories informs about mechanisms of infection. We discuss the methodology enabling researchers to visualize single virions in cells by fluorescence imaging and tracking. Virus visualization and tracking are increasingly enhanced by computational analyses of virus trajectories as well as in silico modeling. Combined approaches reveal previously unrecognized features of virus-infected cells. Using select examples of complementary methodology, we highlight the role of actin filaments and microtubules, and their associated motors in virus infections. In-depth studies of single virion dynamics at high temporal and spatial resolutions thereby provide deep insight into virus infection processes, and are a basis for uncovering underlying mechanisms of how cells function. |
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Imaging, Tracking and Computational Analyses of Virus Entry and Egress with the Cytoskeleton |
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| score |
7.4004526 |