Gap coupled symmetric split ring resonator based near zero index ENG metamaterial for gain improvement of monopole antenna

Abstract In this article, a symmetric split ring resonator (SRR) based metamaterial (MTM) is presented that exhibits three resonances of transmission coefficient (S21) covering S, C, and X-bands with epsilon negative (ENG) and near zero index properties. The proposed MTM is designed on an FR4 substr...
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Autor*in:	Md. Moniruzzaman [verfasserIn] Mohammad Tariqul Islam [verfasserIn] Md. Samsuzzaman [verfasserIn] M. Salaheldeen M [verfasserIn] Norsuzlin Mohd Sahar [verfasserIn] Samir Salem Al-Bawri [verfasserIn] Sami H. A. Almalki [verfasserIn] Haitham Alsaif [verfasserIn] Md. Shabiul Islam [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2022

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Scientific Reports - Nature Portfolio, 2011, 12(2022), 1, Seite 22
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:12 ; year:2022 ; number:1 ; pages:22

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.1038/s41598-022-11029-7

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ025699792

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allfields	10.1038/s41598-022-11029-7 doi (DE-627)DOAJ025699792 (DE-599)DOAJe77ef88ddfaf40a8b608a552f809a91e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Md. Moniruzzaman verfasserin aut Gap coupled symmetric split ring resonator based near zero index ENG metamaterial for gain improvement of monopole antenna 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract In this article, a symmetric split ring resonator (SRR) based metamaterial (MTM) is presented that exhibits three resonances of transmission coefficient (S21) covering S, C, and X-bands with epsilon negative (ENG) and near zero index properties. The proposed MTM is designed on an FR4 substrate with the copper resonator at one side formed with two square rings and one circular split ring. The two square rings are coupled together around the split gap of the outer ring, whereas two split semicircles are also coupled together near the split gaps. Thus, gap coupled symmetric SRR is formed, which helps to obtain resonances at 2.78 GHz, 7.7 GHz and 10.16 GHz with desired properties of the MTM unit cell. The MTM unit cell's symmetric nature helps reduce the mutual coupling effect among the array elements. Thus, different array of unit cells provides a similar response to the unit cell compared with numerical simulation performed in CST microwave studio and validated by measurement. The equivalent circuit is modelled for the proposed MTM unit cell in Advanced Design System (ADS) software, and circuit validation is accomplished by comparing S21 obtained in ADS with the same of CST. The effective medium ratio (EMR) of 10.7 indicates the compactness of the proposed MTM. A test antenna is designed to observe the effect of the MTM over it. Numerical analysis shows that the proposed MTM have an impact on the antenna when it is used as the superstrate and helps to increase the gain of the antenna by 95% with increased directivity. Thus, compact size, high EMR, negative permittivity, near zero permeability and refractive index makes this MTM suitable for S, C and X band applications, especially for antenna gain with directivity enhancement. Medicine R Science Q Mohammad Tariqul Islam verfasserin aut Md. Samsuzzaman verfasserin aut M. Salaheldeen M verfasserin aut Norsuzlin Mohd Sahar verfasserin aut Samir Salem Al-Bawri verfasserin aut Sami H. A. Almalki verfasserin aut Haitham Alsaif verfasserin aut Md. Shabiul Islam verfasserin aut In Scientific Reports Nature Portfolio, 2011 12(2022), 1, Seite 22 (DE-627)663366712 (DE-600)2615211-3 20452322 nnns volume:12 year:2022 number:1 pages:22 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11029-7 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/e77ef88ddfaf40a8b608a552f809a91e kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11029-7 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_381 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2022 1 22
spelling	10.1038/s41598-022-11029-7 doi (DE-627)DOAJ025699792 (DE-599)DOAJe77ef88ddfaf40a8b608a552f809a91e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Md. Moniruzzaman verfasserin aut Gap coupled symmetric split ring resonator based near zero index ENG metamaterial for gain improvement of monopole antenna 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract In this article, a symmetric split ring resonator (SRR) based metamaterial (MTM) is presented that exhibits three resonances of transmission coefficient (S21) covering S, C, and X-bands with epsilon negative (ENG) and near zero index properties. The proposed MTM is designed on an FR4 substrate with the copper resonator at one side formed with two square rings and one circular split ring. The two square rings are coupled together around the split gap of the outer ring, whereas two split semicircles are also coupled together near the split gaps. Thus, gap coupled symmetric SRR is formed, which helps to obtain resonances at 2.78 GHz, 7.7 GHz and 10.16 GHz with desired properties of the MTM unit cell. The MTM unit cell's symmetric nature helps reduce the mutual coupling effect among the array elements. Thus, different array of unit cells provides a similar response to the unit cell compared with numerical simulation performed in CST microwave studio and validated by measurement. The equivalent circuit is modelled for the proposed MTM unit cell in Advanced Design System (ADS) software, and circuit validation is accomplished by comparing S21 obtained in ADS with the same of CST. The effective medium ratio (EMR) of 10.7 indicates the compactness of the proposed MTM. A test antenna is designed to observe the effect of the MTM over it. Numerical analysis shows that the proposed MTM have an impact on the antenna when it is used as the superstrate and helps to increase the gain of the antenna by 95% with increased directivity. Thus, compact size, high EMR, negative permittivity, near zero permeability and refractive index makes this MTM suitable for S, C and X band applications, especially for antenna gain with directivity enhancement. Medicine R Science Q Mohammad Tariqul Islam verfasserin aut Md. Samsuzzaman verfasserin aut M. Salaheldeen M verfasserin aut Norsuzlin Mohd Sahar verfasserin aut Samir Salem Al-Bawri verfasserin aut Sami H. A. Almalki verfasserin aut Haitham Alsaif verfasserin aut Md. Shabiul Islam verfasserin aut In Scientific Reports Nature Portfolio, 2011 12(2022), 1, Seite 22 (DE-627)663366712 (DE-600)2615211-3 20452322 nnns volume:12 year:2022 number:1 pages:22 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11029-7 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/e77ef88ddfaf40a8b608a552f809a91e kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11029-7 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_381 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2022 1 22
allfields_unstemmed	10.1038/s41598-022-11029-7 doi (DE-627)DOAJ025699792 (DE-599)DOAJe77ef88ddfaf40a8b608a552f809a91e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Md. Moniruzzaman verfasserin aut Gap coupled symmetric split ring resonator based near zero index ENG metamaterial for gain improvement of monopole antenna 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract In this article, a symmetric split ring resonator (SRR) based metamaterial (MTM) is presented that exhibits three resonances of transmission coefficient (S21) covering S, C, and X-bands with epsilon negative (ENG) and near zero index properties. The proposed MTM is designed on an FR4 substrate with the copper resonator at one side formed with two square rings and one circular split ring. The two square rings are coupled together around the split gap of the outer ring, whereas two split semicircles are also coupled together near the split gaps. Thus, gap coupled symmetric SRR is formed, which helps to obtain resonances at 2.78 GHz, 7.7 GHz and 10.16 GHz with desired properties of the MTM unit cell. The MTM unit cell's symmetric nature helps reduce the mutual coupling effect among the array elements. Thus, different array of unit cells provides a similar response to the unit cell compared with numerical simulation performed in CST microwave studio and validated by measurement. The equivalent circuit is modelled for the proposed MTM unit cell in Advanced Design System (ADS) software, and circuit validation is accomplished by comparing S21 obtained in ADS with the same of CST. The effective medium ratio (EMR) of 10.7 indicates the compactness of the proposed MTM. A test antenna is designed to observe the effect of the MTM over it. Numerical analysis shows that the proposed MTM have an impact on the antenna when it is used as the superstrate and helps to increase the gain of the antenna by 95% with increased directivity. Thus, compact size, high EMR, negative permittivity, near zero permeability and refractive index makes this MTM suitable for S, C and X band applications, especially for antenna gain with directivity enhancement. Medicine R Science Q Mohammad Tariqul Islam verfasserin aut Md. Samsuzzaman verfasserin aut M. Salaheldeen M verfasserin aut Norsuzlin Mohd Sahar verfasserin aut Samir Salem Al-Bawri verfasserin aut Sami H. A. Almalki verfasserin aut Haitham Alsaif verfasserin aut Md. Shabiul Islam verfasserin aut In Scientific Reports Nature Portfolio, 2011 12(2022), 1, Seite 22 (DE-627)663366712 (DE-600)2615211-3 20452322 nnns volume:12 year:2022 number:1 pages:22 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11029-7 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/e77ef88ddfaf40a8b608a552f809a91e kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11029-7 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_381 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2022 1 22
allfieldsGer	10.1038/s41598-022-11029-7 doi (DE-627)DOAJ025699792 (DE-599)DOAJe77ef88ddfaf40a8b608a552f809a91e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Md. Moniruzzaman verfasserin aut Gap coupled symmetric split ring resonator based near zero index ENG metamaterial for gain improvement of monopole antenna 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract In this article, a symmetric split ring resonator (SRR) based metamaterial (MTM) is presented that exhibits three resonances of transmission coefficient (S21) covering S, C, and X-bands with epsilon negative (ENG) and near zero index properties. The proposed MTM is designed on an FR4 substrate with the copper resonator at one side formed with two square rings and one circular split ring. The two square rings are coupled together around the split gap of the outer ring, whereas two split semicircles are also coupled together near the split gaps. Thus, gap coupled symmetric SRR is formed, which helps to obtain resonances at 2.78 GHz, 7.7 GHz and 10.16 GHz with desired properties of the MTM unit cell. The MTM unit cell's symmetric nature helps reduce the mutual coupling effect among the array elements. Thus, different array of unit cells provides a similar response to the unit cell compared with numerical simulation performed in CST microwave studio and validated by measurement. The equivalent circuit is modelled for the proposed MTM unit cell in Advanced Design System (ADS) software, and circuit validation is accomplished by comparing S21 obtained in ADS with the same of CST. The effective medium ratio (EMR) of 10.7 indicates the compactness of the proposed MTM. A test antenna is designed to observe the effect of the MTM over it. Numerical analysis shows that the proposed MTM have an impact on the antenna when it is used as the superstrate and helps to increase the gain of the antenna by 95% with increased directivity. Thus, compact size, high EMR, negative permittivity, near zero permeability and refractive index makes this MTM suitable for S, C and X band applications, especially for antenna gain with directivity enhancement. Medicine R Science Q Mohammad Tariqul Islam verfasserin aut Md. Samsuzzaman verfasserin aut M. Salaheldeen M verfasserin aut Norsuzlin Mohd Sahar verfasserin aut Samir Salem Al-Bawri verfasserin aut Sami H. A. Almalki verfasserin aut Haitham Alsaif verfasserin aut Md. Shabiul Islam verfasserin aut In Scientific Reports Nature Portfolio, 2011 12(2022), 1, Seite 22 (DE-627)663366712 (DE-600)2615211-3 20452322 nnns volume:12 year:2022 number:1 pages:22 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11029-7 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/e77ef88ddfaf40a8b608a552f809a91e kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11029-7 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_381 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2022 1 22
allfieldsSound	10.1038/s41598-022-11029-7 doi (DE-627)DOAJ025699792 (DE-599)DOAJe77ef88ddfaf40a8b608a552f809a91e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Md. Moniruzzaman verfasserin aut Gap coupled symmetric split ring resonator based near zero index ENG metamaterial for gain improvement of monopole antenna 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract In this article, a symmetric split ring resonator (SRR) based metamaterial (MTM) is presented that exhibits three resonances of transmission coefficient (S21) covering S, C, and X-bands with epsilon negative (ENG) and near zero index properties. The proposed MTM is designed on an FR4 substrate with the copper resonator at one side formed with two square rings and one circular split ring. The two square rings are coupled together around the split gap of the outer ring, whereas two split semicircles are also coupled together near the split gaps. Thus, gap coupled symmetric SRR is formed, which helps to obtain resonances at 2.78 GHz, 7.7 GHz and 10.16 GHz with desired properties of the MTM unit cell. The MTM unit cell's symmetric nature helps reduce the mutual coupling effect among the array elements. Thus, different array of unit cells provides a similar response to the unit cell compared with numerical simulation performed in CST microwave studio and validated by measurement. The equivalent circuit is modelled for the proposed MTM unit cell in Advanced Design System (ADS) software, and circuit validation is accomplished by comparing S21 obtained in ADS with the same of CST. The effective medium ratio (EMR) of 10.7 indicates the compactness of the proposed MTM. A test antenna is designed to observe the effect of the MTM over it. Numerical analysis shows that the proposed MTM have an impact on the antenna when it is used as the superstrate and helps to increase the gain of the antenna by 95% with increased directivity. Thus, compact size, high EMR, negative permittivity, near zero permeability and refractive index makes this MTM suitable for S, C and X band applications, especially for antenna gain with directivity enhancement. Medicine R Science Q Mohammad Tariqul Islam verfasserin aut Md. Samsuzzaman verfasserin aut M. Salaheldeen M verfasserin aut Norsuzlin Mohd Sahar verfasserin aut Samir Salem Al-Bawri verfasserin aut Sami H. A. Almalki verfasserin aut Haitham Alsaif verfasserin aut Md. Shabiul Islam verfasserin aut In Scientific Reports Nature Portfolio, 2011 12(2022), 1, Seite 22 (DE-627)663366712 (DE-600)2615211-3 20452322 nnns volume:12 year:2022 number:1 pages:22 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11029-7 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/e77ef88ddfaf40a8b608a552f809a91e kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11029-7 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_381 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2022 1 22
language	English
source	In Scientific Reports 12(2022), 1, Seite 22 volume:12 year:2022 number:1 pages:22
sourceStr	In Scientific Reports 12(2022), 1, Seite 22 volume:12 year:2022 number:1 pages:22
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	Medicine R Science Q
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container_title	Scientific Reports
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Md. Moniruzzaman @@aut@@ Mohammad Tariqul Islam @@aut@@ Md. Samsuzzaman @@aut@@ M. Salaheldeen M @@aut@@ Norsuzlin Mohd Sahar @@aut@@ Samir Salem Al-Bawri @@aut@@ Sami H. A. Almalki @@aut@@ Haitham Alsaif @@aut@@ Md. Shabiul Islam @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	663366712
id	DOAJ025699792
language_de	englisch
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author	Md. Moniruzzaman
spellingShingle	Md. Moniruzzaman misc Medicine misc R misc Science misc Q Gap coupled symmetric split ring resonator based near zero index ENG metamaterial for gain improvement of monopole antenna
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topic_title	Gap coupled symmetric split ring resonator based near zero index ENG metamaterial for gain improvement of monopole antenna
topic	misc Medicine misc R misc Science misc Q
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title	Gap coupled symmetric split ring resonator based near zero index ENG metamaterial for gain improvement of monopole antenna
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title_full	Gap coupled symmetric split ring resonator based near zero index ENG metamaterial for gain improvement of monopole antenna
author_sort	Md. Moniruzzaman
journal	Scientific Reports
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author_browse	Md. Moniruzzaman Mohammad Tariqul Islam Md. Samsuzzaman M. Salaheldeen M Norsuzlin Mohd Sahar Samir Salem Al-Bawri Sami H. A. Almalki Haitham Alsaif Md. Shabiul Islam
container_volume	12
format_se	Elektronische Aufsätze
author-letter	Md. Moniruzzaman
doi_str_mv	10.1038/s41598-022-11029-7
author2-role	verfasserin
title_sort	gap coupled symmetric split ring resonator based near zero index eng metamaterial for gain improvement of monopole antenna
title_auth	Gap coupled symmetric split ring resonator based near zero index ENG metamaterial for gain improvement of monopole antenna
abstract	Abstract In this article, a symmetric split ring resonator (SRR) based metamaterial (MTM) is presented that exhibits three resonances of transmission coefficient (S21) covering S, C, and X-bands with epsilon negative (ENG) and near zero index properties. The proposed MTM is designed on an FR4 substrate with the copper resonator at one side formed with two square rings and one circular split ring. The two square rings are coupled together around the split gap of the outer ring, whereas two split semicircles are also coupled together near the split gaps. Thus, gap coupled symmetric SRR is formed, which helps to obtain resonances at 2.78 GHz, 7.7 GHz and 10.16 GHz with desired properties of the MTM unit cell. The MTM unit cell's symmetric nature helps reduce the mutual coupling effect among the array elements. Thus, different array of unit cells provides a similar response to the unit cell compared with numerical simulation performed in CST microwave studio and validated by measurement. The equivalent circuit is modelled for the proposed MTM unit cell in Advanced Design System (ADS) software, and circuit validation is accomplished by comparing S21 obtained in ADS with the same of CST. The effective medium ratio (EMR) of 10.7 indicates the compactness of the proposed MTM. A test antenna is designed to observe the effect of the MTM over it. Numerical analysis shows that the proposed MTM have an impact on the antenna when it is used as the superstrate and helps to increase the gain of the antenna by 95% with increased directivity. Thus, compact size, high EMR, negative permittivity, near zero permeability and refractive index makes this MTM suitable for S, C and X band applications, especially for antenna gain with directivity enhancement.
abstractGer	Abstract In this article, a symmetric split ring resonator (SRR) based metamaterial (MTM) is presented that exhibits three resonances of transmission coefficient (S21) covering S, C, and X-bands with epsilon negative (ENG) and near zero index properties. The proposed MTM is designed on an FR4 substrate with the copper resonator at one side formed with two square rings and one circular split ring. The two square rings are coupled together around the split gap of the outer ring, whereas two split semicircles are also coupled together near the split gaps. Thus, gap coupled symmetric SRR is formed, which helps to obtain resonances at 2.78 GHz, 7.7 GHz and 10.16 GHz with desired properties of the MTM unit cell. The MTM unit cell's symmetric nature helps reduce the mutual coupling effect among the array elements. Thus, different array of unit cells provides a similar response to the unit cell compared with numerical simulation performed in CST microwave studio and validated by measurement. The equivalent circuit is modelled for the proposed MTM unit cell in Advanced Design System (ADS) software, and circuit validation is accomplished by comparing S21 obtained in ADS with the same of CST. The effective medium ratio (EMR) of 10.7 indicates the compactness of the proposed MTM. A test antenna is designed to observe the effect of the MTM over it. Numerical analysis shows that the proposed MTM have an impact on the antenna when it is used as the superstrate and helps to increase the gain of the antenna by 95% with increased directivity. Thus, compact size, high EMR, negative permittivity, near zero permeability and refractive index makes this MTM suitable for S, C and X band applications, especially for antenna gain with directivity enhancement.
abstract_unstemmed	Abstract In this article, a symmetric split ring resonator (SRR) based metamaterial (MTM) is presented that exhibits three resonances of transmission coefficient (S21) covering S, C, and X-bands with epsilon negative (ENG) and near zero index properties. The proposed MTM is designed on an FR4 substrate with the copper resonator at one side formed with two square rings and one circular split ring. The two square rings are coupled together around the split gap of the outer ring, whereas two split semicircles are also coupled together near the split gaps. Thus, gap coupled symmetric SRR is formed, which helps to obtain resonances at 2.78 GHz, 7.7 GHz and 10.16 GHz with desired properties of the MTM unit cell. The MTM unit cell's symmetric nature helps reduce the mutual coupling effect among the array elements. Thus, different array of unit cells provides a similar response to the unit cell compared with numerical simulation performed in CST microwave studio and validated by measurement. The equivalent circuit is modelled for the proposed MTM unit cell in Advanced Design System (ADS) software, and circuit validation is accomplished by comparing S21 obtained in ADS with the same of CST. The effective medium ratio (EMR) of 10.7 indicates the compactness of the proposed MTM. A test antenna is designed to observe the effect of the MTM over it. Numerical analysis shows that the proposed MTM have an impact on the antenna when it is used as the superstrate and helps to increase the gain of the antenna by 95% with increased directivity. Thus, compact size, high EMR, negative permittivity, near zero permeability and refractive index makes this MTM suitable for S, C and X band applications, especially for antenna gain with directivity enhancement.
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title_short	Gap coupled symmetric split ring resonator based near zero index ENG metamaterial for gain improvement of monopole antenna
url	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11029-7 https://doaj.org/article/e77ef88ddfaf40a8b608a552f809a91e https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322
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author2	Mohammad Tariqul Islam Md. Samsuzzaman M. Salaheldeen M Norsuzlin Mohd Sahar Samir Salem Al-Bawri Sami H. A. Almalki Haitham Alsaif Md. Shabiul Islam
author2Str	Mohammad Tariqul Islam Md. Samsuzzaman M. Salaheldeen M Norsuzlin Mohd Sahar Samir Salem Al-Bawri Sami H. A. Almalki Haitham Alsaif Md. Shabiul Islam
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doi_str	10.1038/s41598-022-11029-7
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